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1. Full Text Intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial
by Dodel, Richard, Prof and Rominger, Axel, MD and Bartenstein, Peter, MD and Barkhof, Frederik, MD and Blennow, Kaj, PhD and Förster, Stefan, MD and Winter, Yaroslav, MD and Bach, Jan-Philipp, MD and Popp, Julius, MD and Alferink, Judith, MD and Wiltfang, Jens, MD and Buerger, Katharina, MD and Otto, Markus, MD and Antuono, Piero, MD and Jacoby, Michael, MD and Richter, Ralph, MD and Stevens, James, MD and Melamed, Isaac, MD and Goldstein, Jerome, MD and Haag, Stefan, MD and Wietek, Stefan, PhD and Farlow, Martin, MD and Jessen, Frank, MD and Sahlgrenska akademin and Institutionen för neurovetenskap och fysiologi, sektionen för psykiatri och neurokemi and Göteborgs universitet and Gothenburg University and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry and Sahlgrenska Academy
Lancet Neurology, ISSN 1474-4422, 2013, Volume 12, Issue 3, pp. 233 - 243
Summary Background Three small trials suggest that intravenous immunoglobulin can affect biomarkers and symptoms of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. We... 
Neurology | ANTIBODIES | MINI-MENTAL-STATE | COGNITIVE DECLINE | PLASMA | IMMUNOTHERAPY | IMAGING ABNORMALITIES | CLINICAL-TRIALS | MODEL | PROGRESSION | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Severity of Illness Index | Double-Blind Method | Area Under Curve | Humans | Middle Aged | Immunoglobulins, Intravenous - adverse effects | Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy | Immunoglobulins, Intravenous - administration & dosage | Male | Amyloid beta-Peptides - blood | Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Aged, 80 and over | Placebos | Female | Aged | Alzheimer Disease - immunology | Immunoglobulins, Intravenous - blood | Medical colleges | Immunoglobulins | Care and treatment | Neurosciences | Image processing | Analysis | Amyloid beta-protein | Clinical trials | Equipment and supplies | Alzheimer's disease | Drug | drug therapy | Intravenous | diagnosis | Alzheimer Disease | blood | 80 and over | administration & dosage | Amyloid beta-Peptides | adverse effects | Dose-Response Relationship | immunology | Neurovetenskaper
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2. Full Text Grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis
by Geurts, Jeroen JG, PhD and Barkhof, Frederik, MD
Lancet Neurology, ISSN 1474-4422, 2008, Volume 7, Issue 9, pp. 841 - 851
Summary Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been classically regarded as a white matter disease. However, recent histopathological studies have convincingly shown that... 
Neurology | CERVICAL CORD | DEEP GRAY-MATTER | DIFFUSION TENSOR | NORMAL-APPEARING WHITE | MAGNETIZATION-TRANSFER RATIO | ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONAL-CHANGES | SPINAL-CORD | METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS | LESION LOAD | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY | Neurons - pathology | Meninges - pathology | Humans | Cerebral Cortex - pathology | Nerve Degeneration - physiopathology | Encephalitis - pathology | Mitochondria - metabolism | Cerebral Cortex - metabolism | Nerve Degeneration - metabolism | Nerve Degeneration - pathology | Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology | Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism | Multiple Sclerosis - physiopathology | Encephalitis - physiopathology | Meninges - physiopathology | Encephalitis - metabolism | Multiple Sclerosis - pathology | Glutamic Acid - metabolism | Neurons - metabolism | Multiple Sclerosis - metabolism | Glutamic acid | Subpopulations | Mitochondria | Multiple sclerosis | Reviews | Magnetic resonance imaging | Excitotoxicity | Inflammation | Substantia alba | Growth factors | Substantia grisea
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3. Full Text Long-term effect of early treatment with interferon beta-1b after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: 5-year active treatment extension of the phase 3 BENEFIT trial
by Kappos, Ludwig, MD and Freedman, Mark S, MD and Polman, Chris H, MD and Edan, Gilles, MD and Hartung, Hans-Peter, MD and Miller, David H, MD and Montalbán, Xavier, MD and Barkhof, Frederik, MD and Radü, Ernst-Wilhelm, MD and Metzig, Carola, MD and Bauer, Lars, MD and Lanius, Vivian, PhD and Sandbrink, Rupert, MD and Pohl, Christoph, MD and BENEFIT Study Grp and BENEFIT Study Group
Lancet Neurology, ISSN 1474-4422, 2009, Volume 8, Issue 11, pp. 987 - 997
Summary Background The Betaferon/Betaseron in newly emerging multiple sclerosis for initial treatment (BENEFIT) trial investigated the effect of treatment with... 
Neurology | NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES | MRI | CONVERSION | GUIDELINES | DISABILITY | FOLLOW-UP | DEFINITE | DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | IMPAIRMENT | Disability Evaluation | Data Interpretation, Statistical | Double-Blind Method | Risk Assessment | Humans | Kaplan-Meier Estimate | Proportional Hazards Models | Male | Disease Progression | Interferon-beta - therapeutic use | Young Adult | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Interferon beta-1b | Adult | Female | Surveys and Questionnaires | Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy | Clinical trials | Multiple sclerosis | Universities and colleges | Drug therapy | Biological response modifiers | Interferon beta
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4. Full Text MRI in multiple sclerosis: current status and future prospects
by Bakshi, Rohit, MD and Thompson, Alan J, MD and Rocca, Maria A, MD and Pelletier, Daniel, MD and Dousset, Vincent, MD and Barkhof, Frederik, MD and Inglese, Matilde, MD and Guttmann, Charles RG, MD and Horsfield, Mark A, PhD and Filippi, Massimo, MD
Lancet Neurology, ISSN 1474-4422, 2008, Volume 7, Issue 7, pp. 615 - 625
Summary Many promising MRI approaches for research or clinical management of multiple sclerosis (MS) have recently emerged, or are under development or... 
Neurology | DEEP GRAY-MATTER | BRAIN ATROPHY | APPEARING WHITE-MATTER | MAGNETIZATION-TRANSFER RATIO | IN-VIVO | ACUTE OPTIC NEURITIS | GREY-MATTER | SPINAL-CORD | CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROMES | DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Brain Mapping | Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods | Magnetic Resonance Imaging - trends | Multiple Sclerosis - diagnosis | Humans | Medical colleges | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy | Multiple sclerosis | Magnetic resonance imaging | Metabolites
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5. Full Text Comparison of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a with glatiramer acetate in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (the REbif vs Glatiramer Acetate in Relapsing MS Disease [REGARD] study): a multicentre, randomised, parallel, open-label trial
by Mikol, Daniel D, MD and Barkhof, Frederik, MD and Chang, Peter, PhD and Coyle, Patricia K, MD and Jeffery, Douglas R, MD and Schwid, Steven R, MD and Stubinski, Bettina, MD and Uitdehaag, Bernard MJ, MD and REGARD Study Grp and REGARD study group
Lancet Neurology, ISSN 1474-4422, 2008, Volume 7, Issue 10, pp. 903 - 914
Summary Background Interferon beta-1a and glatiramer acetate are commonly prescribed for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), but no published... 
Neurology | DEPRESSION | BENEFIT | GUIDELINES | DOUBLE-BLIND | DISABILITY | SECONDARY PROGRESSIVE MS | BETA-1A | PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL | DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA | COPOLYMER-1 | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Disability Evaluation | Interferon-beta - administration & dosage | Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - pathology | Confidence Intervals | Drug Administration Schedule | Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - drug therapy | Humans | Middle Aged | Immunologic Factors - administration & dosage | Glatiramer Acetate | Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods | Male | Treatment Outcome | Disease Progression | Peptides - administration & dosage | Injections, Subcutaneous - methods | Interferon beta-1a | Adolescent | Adult | Female | Retrospective Studies | Medical research | Multiple sclerosis | Care and treatment | Interferon beta | Medicine, Experimental | Comparative analysis | Biological response modifiers | Acetates | Drugs | Subpopulations | Magnetic resonance imaging | Motivation | copolymer 1 | Clinical trials | Interferon
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6. Full Text Comparison of fingolimod with interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised extension of the TRANSFORMS study
by Khatri, Bhupendra, Dr and Barkhof, Frederik, MD and Comi, Giancarlo, MD and Hartung, Hans-Peter, MD and Kappos, Ludwig, MD and Montalban, Xavier, MD and Pelletier, Jean, MD and Stites, Tracy, PhD and Wu, Stacy, MD and Holdbrook, Fred, PhD and Zhang-Auberson, Lixin, MD and Francis, Gordon, MD and Cohen, Jeffrey A, MD and TRANSFORMS Study Grp and TRANSFORMS Study Group
Lancet Neurology, ISSN 1474-4422, 2011, Volume 10, Issue 6, pp. 520 - 529
Summary Background In a 12-month phase 3 study in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), TRANSFORMS, fingolimod showed greater efficacy... 
Neurology | PHASE-II EXTENSION | ORAL FINGOLIMOD | FTY720 | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - pathology | Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - drug therapy | Humans | Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use | Middle Aged | Fingolimod Hydrochloride | Male | Treatment Outcome | Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - physiopathology | Injections, Intramuscular | Interferon-beta - therapeutic use | Young Adult | Sphingosine - analogs & derivatives | Interferon beta-1a | Propylene Glycols - therapeutic use | Adolescent | Adult | Female | Sphingosine - therapeutic use | Adjuvants, Immunologic - therapeutic use | Drugs | Gadolinium | alpha -Interferon | Multiple sclerosis | Interferon | Magnetic resonance imaging
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7. Full Text MRI monitoring of pathological changes in the spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis
by Gass, Achim, Dr and Rocca, Maria A, MD and Agosta, Federica, MD and Ciccarelli, Olga, PhD and Chard, Declan, PhD and Valsasina, Paola, PhD and Brooks, Jonathan C W, PhD and Bischof, Antje, MD and Eisele, Philipp and Kappos, Ludwig, MD and Barkhof, Frederik, MD and Filippi, Massimo, MD and MAGNIMS Study Grp and MAGNIMS Study Group
Lancet Neurology, The, ISSN 1474-4422, 2015, Volume 14, Issue 4, pp. 443 - 454
Summary The spinal cord is a clinically important site that is affected by pathological changes in most patients with multiple sclerosis; however, imaging of... 
Neurology | UPPER CERVICAL CORD | DIFFUSION TENSOR | MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY | IN-VIVO ASSESSMENT | VOXEL-BASED ANALYSIS | HISTOGRAM ANALYSIS | N-ACETYLASPARTATE | CLINICAL PHENOTYPES | TRANSFER RATIO | MS PATIENTS | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Protons | Demyelinating Diseases - diagnosis | Multiple Sclerosis - diagnosis | Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods | Spinal Cord - pathology | Humans | Sensitivity and Specificity | Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods | Multiple Sclerosis - pathology | Atrophy - diagnosis | Diffusion Tensor Imaging | Neurosciences | Multiple sclerosis | Care and treatment | Hospitals | Magnetization | Magnetic resonance imaging | Physiological aspects | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy | Spinal cord | Nuclear magnetic resonance--NMR | Pharmaceutical industry
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8. Imaging Phenotypes in Multiple Sclerosis
by Roosendaal, Stefan Dirk and Barkhof, Frederik
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, ISSN 1052-5149, 2015, Volume 25, Issue 1, pp. 83 - 96
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disease of the central nervous system, with various clinical symptoms and a heterogeneous disease course. MRI can depict... 
Genetics | Multiple sclerosis | MR imaging | Imaging | BRAIN-LESION DISTRIBUTION | WHITE-MATTER | NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR | DISEASE SEVERITY | GENE POLYMORPHISMS | NEUROSCIENCES | NEUROIMAGING | APOLIPOPROTEIN-E | NO ASSOCIATION | RISK ALLELES | RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING | MS PATIENTS | GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION | Diagnostic Imaging - methods | Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods | Multiple Sclerosis - genetics | Multiple Sclerosis - diagnosis | Phenotype | Humans
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9. Spinal-Cord MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: Conventional and Nonconventional MR Techniques
by Bot, Joseph CJ and Barkhof, Frederik
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, ISSN 1052-5149, 02/2009, Volume 19, Issue 1, pp. 81 - 99
Multiple sclerosis is a diffuse disease of the central nervous system, and MRI of the spinal cord is highly recommended in the clinical evaluation of patients... 
Atrophy | Spectroscopy | Multiple sclerosis | Spinal cord | Magnetic resonance imaging | Demyelination | DWI | Functional MRI | CERVICAL CORD | SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS | NEUROSCIENCES | NEUROIMAGING | MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY | DIFFUSION TENSOR MRI | NEUROMYELITIS-OPTICA | ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS | CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROMES | DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA | RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING | ACUTE TRANSVERSE MYELITIS | Magnetic Resonance Imaging - trends | Multiple Sclerosis - diagnosis | Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods | Spinal Cord - pathology | Humans | Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods | Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
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10. Inflammation High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging
by Kilsdonk, Iris D and de Graaf, Wolter L and Barkhof, Frederik and Wattjes, Mike P
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, ISSN 1052-5149, 05/2012, Volume 22, Issue 2, pp. 135 - 157
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). MS has been subject to high-field magnetic... 
High-field magnetic resonance imaging | Neuroinflammation | Multiple sclerosis | Clinically isolated syndrome | MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS LESIONS | INVERSION-RECOVERY | HUMAN BRAIN | SPINAL-CORD ATROPHY | 1.5 T | NORMAL-APPEARING WHITE | CORTICAL-LESIONS | NEUROSCIENCES | NEUROIMAGING | GREY-MATTER LESIONS | DIFFUSION TENSOR MRI | CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROMES | RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING | Spinal Cord - pathology | Humans | Myelitis - pathology | Brain - pathology | Encephalitis - pathology | Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods | Image Enhancement - methods
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11. Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis
by Hygino da Cruz, L. Celso and Batista, Raquel Ribeiro and Domingues, Roberto Cortes and Barkhof, Frederik
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, ISSN 1052-5149, 02/2011, Volume 21, Issue 1, pp. 71 - 88
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered the most common inflammatory autoimmune neurologic disorder and the most frequent cause of nontraumatic neurologic... 
Diffusion MR imaging | Multiple sclerosis | Plaques | Central nervous system | EARLIEST CLINICAL STAGE | WEIGHTED MRI | NORMAL-APPEARING WHITE | MATTER DAMAGE | NEUROSCIENCES | NEUROIMAGING | DISEASE-ACTIVITY | TENSOR MRI | CORPUS-CALLOSUM | SPIN-ECHO | OPTIC NEURITIS | RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING | GRAY-MATTER | Young Adult | Optic Nerve - pathology | Multiple Sclerosis - diagnosis | Age Factors | Spinal Cord - pathology | Humans | Brain - pathology | Multiple Sclerosis - pathology | Adult | Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
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