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1. Full Text EBM's Six Dangerous Words
by Braithwaite, RS
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, ISSN 0098-7484, 11/2013, Volume 310, Issue 20, pp. 2149 - 2150
MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | MEDICINE
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2. Full Text Risk Adjustment Methods in Quality Measurement - Reply
by Braithwaite, R. Scott
JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, ISSN 0098-7484, 10/2018, Volume 320, Issue 15, pp. 1605 - 1605
MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
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3. Full Text Risk adjustment for quality measures is neither binary nor mandatory
by Braithwaite, R. Scott
JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, ISSN 0098-7484, 05/2018, Volume 319, Issue 20, pp. 2077 - 2078
Robust risk adjustment methods in health care quality that focus more on outcome measures rather than process measures are needed. Instead of viewing risk... 
MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | Outcome Assessment (Health Care) | Risk Adjustment - methods | Humans | Quality Indicators, Health Care | Outcome and process assessment (Health Care) | Medical care | Health risk assessment | Analysis | Quality management | Health care | Control methods | Health services | Government programs | Quality control | Risk | Quality assessment | Risk management | Clinical outcomes | Quality of care
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4. Full Text The Three Rs of Republican Sentencing
by Pettit, Philip and Braithwaite, John
Current Issues in Criminal Justice, ISSN 1034-5329, 03/1994, Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 318 - 325
Punishment | Justice | Recompense | Recognition of the victim | Democracy | Sentencing | Dominion theory | Criminal law | Republicanism | Reassurance | Crime victims | Sentences (Criminal procedure) | Beliefs, opinions and attitudes
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5. Full Text Population Health Could Do Far More to Mitigate Health Disparities
by Braithwaite, R. Scott
Population Health Management, ISSN 1942-7891, 04/2019, Volume 22, Issue 2, pp. 96 - 98
Patient autonomy | Determinants | health disparities | PERSONALITY | determinants | HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES | SOCIAL DETERMINANTS | patient autonomy | INTERVENTION
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6. Full Text Children learn spurious associations in their math textbooks: Examples from fraction arithmetic
by Braithwaite, David W and Siegler, Robert S
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, ISSN 0278-7393, 11/2018, Volume 44, Issue 11, pp. 1765 - 1777
Fraction arithmetic is among the most important and difficult topics children encounter in elementary and middle school mathematics. Braithwaite, Pyke, and... 
Associative learning | Fraction arithmetic | Fractions | Textbook analysis | Spurious correlations | textbook analysis | EXPERTISE | fraction arithmetic | CHINESE | PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL | PSYCHOLOGY | MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT | associative learning | INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES | MEMORY | 8-MONTH-OLD INFANTS | PREDICTORS | spurious correlations | fractions | CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE | Addition | Correlation | Multiplication | Mathematics Instruction | Grade 6 | Grade 8 | Prediction | Hypothesis Testing | Mathematical Concepts | Middle School Students | Foreign Countries | Subtraction | Arithmetic | Textbooks | Age Factors | Humans | Male | Problem Solving - physiology | Mathematics | Comprehension | Learning - physiology | Association | Analysis of Variance | Adolescent | Choice Behavior - physiology | Female | Child
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7. Full Text Ending AIDS by 2030: catchy slogan or sincere goal?
by Braithwaite, R Scott
The Lancet HIV, ISSN 2352-3018, 04/2018, Volume 5, Issue 4, pp. e160 - e161
VALIDATION | HIV PREVENTION | INFECTIOUS DISEASES | IMMUNOLOGY | SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA | CARE | HIV Infections | Goals | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome | Humans
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8. Full Text What Does the Value of Modern Medicine Say about the $50,000 per Quality-Adjusted Life-Year Decision Rule?
by R. Scott Braithwaite and David O. Meltzer and Joseph T. King and Douglas Leslie and Mark S. Roberts
Medical Care, ISSN 0025-7079, 4/2008, Volume 46, Issue 4, pp. 349 - 356
Background: In the United States, $50,000 per Quality-Adjusted Life-Year (QALY) is a decision rule that is often used to guide interpretation of... 
Health insurance | Health care costs | Life expectancy | Cost estimates | Mortality | Patient care | Analytical estimating | Employer provided health insurance | Age distribution | Health care economics | QALY | Decision analysis | Cost-effectiveness | Decision rule | COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS | MORTALITY | cost-effectiveness | decision analysis | CARE RESOURCE-ALLOCATION | THRESHOLDS | CANCER | decision rule | HEALTH-INSURANCE | WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY | PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES | MASSACHUSETTS | HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES | OUTCOMES | Quality-Adjusted Life Years | Age Distribution | United States | Humans | Middle Aged | Decision Support Techniques | Male | Reference Values | Time Factors | Life Expectancy | Cost-Benefit Analysis | Adult | Female | Health Policy | Insurance, Health - economics | Health Care Rationing - economics
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9. Full Text Lag Time to Benefit for Preventive Therapies
by Braithwaite, R. Scott
JAMA, ISSN 0098-7484, 04/2014, Volume 311, Issue 15, pp. 1566 - 1566
FRAMEWORK | MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | DISEASE | Decision Making | Female | Male | Primary Prevention | Life Expectancy | Humans
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10. Full Text Numerical Development
by Siegler, Robert S and Braithwaite, David W
Annual Review of Psychology, ISSN 0066-4308, 1/2017, Volume 68, Issue 1, pp. 187 - 213
In this review, we attempt to integrate two crucial aspects of numerical development: learning the magnitudes of individual numbers and learning arithmetic.... 
arithmetic | conceptual understanding | rational numbers | numerical magnitudes | logarithmic-to-linear shift | mathematics achievement | Logarithmic-to-linear shift | Conceptual understanding | Mathematics achievement | Numerical magnitudes | Rational numbers | Arithmetic | STRATEGY CHOICE | LEARNING FRACTION | MAGNITUDE REPRESENTATIONS | PSYCHOLOGY | EARLY NUMBER KNOWLEDGE | PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | FRACTION CONCEPTS | INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES | DIGIT SUBTRACTION | WHOLE-NUMBER | CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE | Learning - physiology | Humans | Child, Preschool | Cognition - physiology | Mathematics - education | Achievement | Child Development - physiology | Mathematical ability | Psychological aspects | Learning | Psychological research | Research
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11. Full Text Estimating Hip Fracture Morbidity, Mortality and Costs
by Braithwaite, R. Scott and Col, Nananda F and Wong, John B
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, ISSN 0002-8614, 03/2003, Volume 51, Issue 3, pp. 364 - 370
OBJECTIVES:  To estimate lifetime morbidity, mortality, and costs from hip fracture incorporating the effect of deficits in activities of daily living. DESIGN:... 
mortality | nursing home | cost | morbidity | hip fracture | decision analysis | Hip fracture | Decision analysis | Cost | Nursing home | Mortality | Morbidity | PREVENTION | FUNCTIONAL STATUS | CARE | GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY | RECOVERY | IMPACT | GERONTOLOGY | REHABILITATION | HEALTH-SERVICE USE | OUTCOMES | PROSPECTIVE PAYMENT SYSTEM | BENEFITS | Nursing Homes - economics | Markov Chains | Medicare | United States | Humans | Cost of Illness | Activities of Daily Living | Health Care Costs | Hip Fractures - economics | Time Factors | Life Expectancy | Aged, 80 and over | Hip Fractures - mortality | Aged | Hip Fractures - complications | Nursing Homes - statistics & numerical data | Cohort Studies | Hip joint | Aged patients | Care and treatment | Fractures | Health aspects
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12. Full Text Developmental changes in the whole number bias
by Braithwaite, David W and Siegler, Robert S
Developmental Science, ISSN 1363-755X, 03/2018, Volume 21, Issue 2, pp. e12541 - n/a
Many students’ knowledge of fractions is adversely affected by whole number bias, the tendency to focus on the separate whole number components (numerator and... 
REPRESENTATIONAL CHANGE | ACHIEVEMENT | INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES | RATIONAL NUMBERS | MATHEMATICAL LEARNING-DISABILITY | FRACTION MAGNITUDE | PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL | KNOWLEDGE | NUMERICAL ESTIMATION | PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL | YOUNG-CHILDREN | MENTAL REPRESENTATION | Grade 4 | Grade 5 | Elementary School Students | Grade 6 | Bias | Age Differences | Grade 7 | Regression (Statistics) | Grade 8 | Fractions | Numbers | Comparative Analysis | Computation | Individual Development | Elementary school students | Junior high school students | Analysis | Children | Developmental stages
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13. Full Text DWI for renal mass characterization: Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test performance
by Kang, Stella K and Zhang, Angela and Pandharipande, Pari V and Chandarana, Hersh and Braithwaite, R. Scott and Littenberg, Benjamin
American Journal of Roentgenology, ISSN 0361-803X, 08/2015, Volume 205, Issue 2, pp. 317 - 324
OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to perform a systematic review and metaanalysis of the test performance of DWI in the characterization of renal... 
Systematic review | Renal mass | Diagnostic test accuracy | DWI | Meta-analysis | WEIGHTED MRI | LESIONS CHARACTERIZATION | SUBTYPE DIFFERENTIATION | meta-analysis | APPARENT DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT | NUCLEAR GRADE | systematic review | CELL CARCINOMA | ACCURACY | PERCUTANEOUS BIOPSY | CLEAR-CELL | diagnostic test accuracy | renal mass | UTILITY | RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING | Diagnosis, Differential | Contrast Media | Neoplasm Grading | Carcinoma, Renal Cell - pathology | Carcinoma, Renal Cell - diagnosis | Humans | Sensitivity and Specificity | Kidney Neoplasms - pathology | Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods | Neoplasm Staging | Kidney Neoplasms - diagnosis
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14. Full Text Personalized Estimates of Benefit From Preventive Care Guidelines Response
by Taksler, GB and Braithwaite, RS
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, ISSN 0003-4819, 01/2014, Volume 160, Issue 2, pp. 140 - 140
MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
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15. Full Text A computational model of fraction arithmetic
by Braithwaite, David W and Pyke, Aryn A and Siegler, Robert S
Psychological Review, ISSN 0033-295X, 10/2017, Volume 124, Issue 5, pp. 603 - 625
Many children fail to master fraction arithmetic even after years of instruction, a failure that hinders their learning of more advanced mathematics as well as... 
Production systems | Numerical cognition | Fraction arithmetic | Fractions | Textbook analysis | MATHEMATICS | ACHIEVEMENT | PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES | LEARNING FRACTION | ALGEBRA | SKILLS | INTERVENTION | CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE | WHOLE-NUMBER | SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS | PSYCHOLOGY | Learning | Models, Theoretical | Mathematics | Computer Simulation | Humans | Teaching | Psychological aspects | Cognitive styles | Usage | Computer-generated environments | Computer simulation | Analysis | Children
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16. Full Text Sustainable HIV treatment in Africa through viral-load-informed differentiated care
by Phillips, Anew and Shroufi, Amir and Vojnov, Lara and Cohn, Jennifer and Roberts, Teri and Ellman, Tom and Bonner, Kimberly and Rousseau, Christine and Garnett, Geoff and Cambiano, Valentina and Nakagawa, Fumiyo and Ford, Deborah and Bansi-Matharu, Loveleen and Miners, Alec and Lundgren, Jens D and Eaton, Jeffrey and Parkes-Ratanshi, Rosalind and Katz, Zachary and Maman, David and Ford, Nathan and Vitoria, Marco and Doherty, Meg and Dowdy, David and Nichols, Brooke and Murtagh, Maurine and Wareham, Meghan and Palamountain, Kara M and Chakanyuka Musanhu, Christine and Stevens, Wendy and Katzenstein, David and Ciaranello, Anea and Barnabas, Ruanne and Braithwaite, R. Scott and Bendavid, Avrom and Nathoo, Kusum J and Vijver, David and Wilson, David P and Holmes, Charles and Bershteyn, Anna and Walker, Simon and Raizes, Elliot and Jani, Ilesh and Nelson, Lisa J and Peeling, Rosanna and Terris-Prestholt, Fern and Murungu, Joseph and Mutasa-Apollo, Tsitsi and Hallett, Timothy and Revill, Paul and Working Grp Modelling and Working Group on Modelling of Antiretroviral Therapy Monitoring Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa
Nature: international weekly journal of science, ISSN 0028-0836, 12/2015, Volume 528, Issue 7580, pp. S68 - S76
There are inefficiencies in current approaches to monitoring patients on antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients typically attend clinics every... 
COST-EFFECTIVENESS | RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS | 1ST-LINE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | QUANTIFICATION | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | IMPLEMENTATION | STRATALL ANRS 12110/ESTHER | DRUG-RESISTANCE | OUTCOMES | CD4 CELL COUNT | DRIED BLOOD SPOTS | Anti-HIV Agents - pharmacology | Anti-HIV Agents - economics | HIV Infections - economics | HIV Infections - virology | Humans | Middle Aged | Africa | Precision Medicine - economics | Young Adult | Cost-Benefit Analysis | HIV Infections - diagnosis | Adolescent | Adult | Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use | HIV Infections - drug therapy | Aged | Viral Load - drug effects | Precision Medicine - methods | Complications and side effects | Highly active antiretroviral therapy | Care and treatment | Research | HIV infection | Health aspects | Antiretroviral drugs | Sensitivity analysis | Human immunodeficiency virus--HIV | Cost reduction | Trends | Drug resistance | Drug therapy | Patients
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