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dentistry (66) 66
dentistry, oral surgery & medicine (65) 65
endocrinology & metabolism (65) 65
humans (50) 50
root canal preparation - instrumentation (29) 29
in-vitro (20) 20
nickel (19) 19
microscopy, electron, scanning (16) 16
analysis (15) 15
dentin (15) 15
materials testing (15) 15
time factors (15) 15
equipment design (14) 14
equipment failure (14) 14
root canal therapy (14) 14
nickel-titanium instrument (13) 13
root canal irrigants - pharmacology (13) 13
universities and colleges (13) 13
endodontic instruments (12) 12
files (12) 12
root canal preparation - methods (12) 12
anti-infective agents, local - pharmacology (11) 11
chlorhexidine (11) 11
defects (11) 11
dental alloys - chemistry (11) 11
enterococcus faecalis (11) 11
enterococcus-faecalis (11) 11
irrigation (11) 11
microscopy, confocal (11) 11
nickel - chemistry (11) 11
sodium hypochlorite (11) 11
sodium hypochlorite - pharmacology (11) 11
stress, mechanical (11) 11
titanium (11) 11
titanium - chemistry (11) 11
biofilms - drug effects (10) 10
chlorhexidine - pharmacology (10) 10
dental alloys (10) 10
dental instruments (10) 10
enterococcus faecalis - drug effects (10) 10
microbial viability - drug effects (10) 10
sodium-hypochlorite (10) 10
surface properties (10) 10
animals (9) 9
biofilm (9) 9
dental stress analysis (9) 9
disinfection (9) 9
drug combinations (9) 9
fatigue (9) 9
profile (9) 9
root canal irrigants - administration & dosage (9) 9
bacteria (8) 8
clinical-use (8) 8
dental pulp cavity - microbiology (8) 8
dentin - microbiology (8) 8
efficacy (8) 8
resistance (8) 8
smear layer (8) 8
systems (8) 8
analysis of variance (7) 7
cattle (7) 7
confocal laser scanning microscopy (7) 7
controlled memory (7) 7
infection control (7) 7
mechanical-properties (7) 7
temperature (7) 7
therapeutic irrigation - methods (7) 7
adult (6) 6
antibacterial agents (6) 6
bacteriological techniques (6) 6
calcium hydroxide (6) 6
cyclic fatigue (6) 6
dentin - ultrastructure (6) 6
irrigant (6) 6
metallurgical characterization (6) 6
needles (6) 6
nickel-titanium (6) 6
profile vortex (6) 6
protaper (6) 6
surface (6) 6
torque (6) 6
x-ray microtomography (6) 6
alloy (5) 5
cell survival - drug effects (5) 5
chlorhexidine - administration & dosage (5) 5
dental plaque - microbiology (5) 5
dental pulp cavity - anatomy & histology (5) 5
endodontic (5) 5
endodontics (5) 5
failure (5) 5
fatigue resistance (5) 5
fracture (5) 5
imaging, three-dimensional (5) 5
pliability (5) 5
sodium hypochlorite - administration & dosage (5) 5
therapeutic irrigation - instrumentation (5) 5
torsion, mechanical (5) 5
antibacterial activity (4) 4
antimicrobial efficacy (4) 4
biofilms (4) 4
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1. Full Text Evaluation of the Susceptibility of Multispecies Biofilms in Dentinal Tubules to Disinfecting Solutions
by Yang, Yan, DDS and Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD and Wang, Zhejun, DDS, PhD and Huang, Xiangya, DDS, PhD and Maezono, Hazuki, DDS, PhD and Ma, Jingzhi, DDS, PhD and Cao, Yingguang, DDS, PhD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2016, Volume 42, Issue 8, pp. 1246 - 1250
Abstract Introduction The present study evaluated the effect of the source of biofilm bacteria on their susceptibility in dentinal tubules to disinfecting... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | Biofilm | multispecies | maturation | monospecies | dentinal tubules | disinfection | BACTERIA | PLAQUE | CULTURE | SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE | YOUNG | CANALS | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS BIOFILMS | CHLORHEXIDINE | MICROBIAL COMPLEXES | INFECTION | Biofilms - drug effects | Dentin - microbiology | Enterococcus faecalis - drug effects | Microbial Viability - drug effects | Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology | Humans | Middle Aged | Chlorhexidine - pharmacology | Root Canal Irrigants - pharmacology | Dental Plaque - microbiology | Microscopy, Confocal | Disinfection - methods | Adult | Sodium Hypochlorite - pharmacology | In Vitro Techniques | Infection control
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2. Full Text Irrigation in Endodontics
by Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD and Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD and Qian, Wei, DDS, PhD and Gao, Yuan, DDS, PhD
Dental Clinics of North America, ISSN 0011-8532, 2010, Volume 54, Issue 2, pp. 291 - 312
The success of endodontic treatment depends on the eradication of microbes from the root-canal system and prevention of reinfection. The root canal is shaped... 
Dentistry | Irrigation | Endodontics | Irrigant | Root canal | Biofilms - drug effects | Vibration | Rheology | Humans | Root Canal Irrigants - administration & dosage | Root Canal Preparation - methods | Root Canal Irrigants - pharmacology | Ultrasonics | Dentin - drug effects | Drug Interactions | Therapeutic Irrigation - methods | Smear Layer | Root Canal Preparation - instrumentation | Therapeutic Irrigation - instrumentation | Drug Combinations
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3. Full Text Current Challenges and Concepts of the Thermomechanical Treatment of Nickel-Titanium Instruments
by Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD and Zhou, Hui-min, DDS, PhD and Zheng, Yu-feng, PhD and Peng, Bin, DDS, PhD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2013, Volume 39, Issue 2, pp. 163 - 172
Abstract Introduction The performance and mechanical properties of nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments are influenced by factors such as cross-section, flute... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | fatigue | M-wire | nickel-titanium | R-phase | Controlled memory wire | torque | heat treatment | endodontic instrument | ROTARY ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS | CONTROLLED MEMORY | CYCLIC FATIGUE RESISTANCE | MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES | TORSIONAL PROPERTIES | ROOT-CANAL PREPARATION | METALLURGICAL CHARACTERIZATION | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY | CLINICAL-USE | PHASE-TRANSFORMATION BEHAVIOR | Thermodynamics | Pliability | Nickel - chemistry | Humans | Surface Properties | Titanium - chemistry | Stress, Mechanical | Root Canal Preparation - instrumentation | Dental Alloys - chemistry | Mechanical Phenomena | Equipment Design | Transition Temperature | Universities and colleges
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4. Full Text Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chlorhexidine against Bacteria in Biofilms at Different Stages of Development
by Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD and Stojicic, Sonja, DDS, MSD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2011, Volume 37, Issue 5, pp. 657 - 661
Abstract Introduction Detailed knowledge on the nature of the physiological and metabolic phases of biofilm development is important in combating resistant,... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | Antimicrobial | endodontic | nutrient | chlorhexidine | biofilms | CHX-Plus | ROOT-CANAL IRRIGANTS | CELLS | VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS | ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS | IN-VITRO | PSEUDOMONAS | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | RESISTANCE | STARVATION | DIFFUSION | ERADICATION | Anaerobiosis | Durapatite | Humans | Bacteria - drug effects | Biofilms - growth & development | Drug Resistance, Bacterial | Chlorhexidine - pharmacology | Root Canal Irrigants - administration & dosage | Root Canal Irrigants - pharmacology | Dental Plaque - microbiology | Bacteria - growth & development | Time Factors | Culture Media | Bacteria - ultrastructure | Adult | Bacteriological Techniques | Chlorhexidine - administration & dosage | Biofilms - drug effects | Microscopy, Electron, Scanning | Microbial Viability - drug effects | Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology | Collagen Type I | Bacterial Load | Microscopy, Confocal | Anti-Infective Agents, Local - administration & dosage | Image Processing, Computer-Assisted | Physiological aspects | Chlorhexidine | Bacteria
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5. Full Text Tissue Dissolution by Sodium Hypochlorite: Effect of Concentration, Temperature, Agitation, and Surfactant
by Stojicic, Sonja, DDS, MSc and Zivkovic, Slavoljub, DDS, PhD and Qian, Wei, DDS, PhD and Zhang, Hui, DDS, PhD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2010, Volume 36, Issue 9, pp. 1558 - 1562
Abstract Aim Sodium hypochlorite is the most commonly used endodontic irrigant because of its antimicrobial and tissue-dissolving activity. The aim of this... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | temperature | Agitation | Chlor-Xtra | sodium hypochlorite | tissue dissolution | surfactant | Sodium hypochlorite | Tissue dissolution | Temperature | Surfactant | SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE | EFFICACY | IRRIGATION | ULTRASONIC DEBRIDEMENT | BOVINE PULP | IN-VITRO | CALCIUM HYDROXIDE | ENDODONTIC IRRIGANTS | ROOT CANALS | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | HAND INSTRUMENTATION | Root Canal Preparation - methods | Disinfectants - chemistry | Root Canal Irrigants - pharmacology | Surface-Active Agents - pharmacology | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Animals | Dentin - drug effects | Cattle | Disinfectants - pharmacology | Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects | Sodium Hypochlorite - pharmacology | Drug Therapy, Combination | Therapeutic Irrigation | Surface active agents
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6. Full Text Root Canal Preparation of Mandibular Molars with 3 Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments: A Micro–Computed Tomographic Study
by Zhao, Dan, DDS and Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD and Peng, Bin, DDS, PhD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2014, Volume 40, Issue 11, pp. 1860 - 1864
Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to describe the canal shaping properties of ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland),... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | ProTaper Universal | nickel-titanium instrument | Micro–computed tomographic scanning | ProTaper Next | WaveOne | Micro-computed tomographic scanning | FATIGUE | SHAPING ABILITY | PROTAPER | SELF-ADJUSTING FILE | SINGLE-FILE | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | SYSTEMS | RECIPROCATING MOTION | CURRENT CHALLENGES | GEOMETRY | Nickel - chemistry | Humans | Titanium - chemistry | Root Canal Irrigants - therapeutic use | Dental Alloys - chemistry | Root Canal Preparation - methods | Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods | X-Ray Microtomography - methods | Equipment Design | Dentin - anatomy & histology | Anatomy, Cross-Sectional - methods | Molar - anatomy & histology | Time Factors | Root Canal Preparation - instrumentation | Dental Pulp Cavity - anatomy & histology | Sodium Hypochlorite - therapeutic use | Nickel | Root canal therapy
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7. Full Text Phase Transformation Behavior and Resistance to Bending and Cyclic Fatigue of ProTaper Gold and ProTaper Universal Instruments
by Hieawy, Ahmed, DMD, PhD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD and Zhou, Huimin, PhD and Wang, Zhe-jun, DDS, PhD and Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2015, Volume 41, Issue 7, pp. 1134 - 1138
Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to compare the flexibility and cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Tulsa Dental... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | Differential scanning calorimetry | metallurgical properties | ProTaper Gold | fatigue resistance | ProTaper Universal | nickel-titanium instrument | M-WIRE | DEFECTS | FILES | METALLURGICAL CHARACTERIZATION | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | PROFILE VORTEX | CLINICAL-USE | NICKEL-TITANIUM ROTARY | LIFE | Microscopy, Electron, Scanning | Pliability | Humans | Calorimetry, Differential Scanning | Materials Testing | Root Canal Preparation - instrumentation | Equipment Failure
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8. Full Text Effect of the Source of Biofilm Bacteria, Level of Biofilm Maturation, and Type of Disinfecting Agent on the Susceptibility of Biofilm Bacteria to Antibacterial Agents
by Stojicic, Sonja, DDS, MSc and Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2013, Volume 39, Issue 4, pp. 473 - 477
Abstract Introduction Biofilm development is a dynamic process that begins with the initial attachment of planktonic bacteria to a surface, eventually leading... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | maturation | Antibacterial | chlorhexidine | sodium hypochlorite | biofilm | iodine-potassium iodide | CELLS | EFFICACY | VIABILITY | CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE | IRRIGANT | HYPOCHLORITE | IN-VITRO | CANALS | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS BIOFILMS | MEDICAMENTS | Biofilms - drug effects | Dental Plaque - microbiology | Iodine Compounds - pharmacology | Humans | Biofilms - growth & development | Dental Disinfectants - pharmacology | Drug Resistance, Bacterial | Adult | Chlorhexidine - pharmacology | Sodium Hypochlorite - pharmacology | Bacteria | Antibacterial agents | Infection control
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9. Full Text In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Calcium Silicate–containing Endodontic Sealers
by Zhou, Hui-min, PhD and Du, Tian-feng, DDS, PhD and Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD and Wang, Zhe-jun, DDS, PhD and Zheng, Yu-feng, PhD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2015, Volume 41, Issue 1, pp. 56 - 61
Abstract Introduction The cytotoxicity of 2 novel calcium silicate–containing endodontic sealers to human gingival fibroblasts was studied. Methods... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | cell attachment | mineral trioxide aggregate | flow cytometry | cytotoxicity | Calcium silicate–containing sealer | Calcium silicate-containing sealer | LONG-TERM | SYSTEM | BIOCOMPATIBILITY | ROOT-CANAL SEALERS | PERCHA | SEALING ABILITY | REPAIR | ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | MTA | flow cytonnetry | Glass Ionomer Cements - toxicity | Humans | Oxides - chemistry | Dental Cements - chemistry | Silicates - chemistry | Glass Ionomer Cements - chemistry | Gingiva - growth & development | Epoxy Resins - toxicity | Aluminum Compounds - chemistry | Gingiva - drug effects | Culture Media | Calcium Compounds - chemistry | Root Canal Filling Materials - chemistry | Cell Survival - drug effects | Aluminum Compounds - toxicity | Calcium Phosphates - toxicity | Epoxy Resins - chemistry | Cells, Cultured | Oxides - toxicity | Calcium Phosphates - chemistry | Cell Adhesion - drug effects | Calcium Compounds - toxicity | Fibroblasts - drug effects | Gingiva - cytology | Silicates - toxicity | Fibroblasts - cytology | Dental Cements - toxicity | Root Canal Filling Materials - toxicity | Drug Combinations
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10. Full Text Physical Properties of 5 Root Canal Sealers
by Zhou, Hui-min, PhD and Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD and Zheng, Wei, PhD and Li, Li, PhD and Zheng, Yu-feng, PhD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2013, Volume 39, Issue 10, pp. 1281 - 1286
Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the pH change, viscosity and other physical properties of 2 novel root canal sealers (MTA Fillapex... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | physical properties | tricalcium silicate sealer | viscosity | pH change | root canal cements | Flow | CEMENT | ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS | RELEASE | ENDODONTIC SEALERS | PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES | MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE | CALCIUM HYDROXIDE | ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | ABILITY | Viscosity | Dental Stress Analysis - instrumentation | Gutta-Percha - chemistry | Temperature | Epoxy Resins - chemistry | Humans | Oxides - chemistry | Solubility | Calcium Phosphates - chemistry | Materials Testing | Silicates - chemistry | Alkalies - chemistry | Syringes | Aluminum Compounds - chemistry | Time Factors | Surface Properties | Chemical Phenomena | Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement - chemistry | Dimethylpolysiloxanes - chemistry | Calcium Compounds - chemistry | Drug Combinations | Root Canal Filling Materials - chemistry | Hydrogen-Ion Concentration | Zinc oxide | Root canal therapy | Analysis | Epoxy resins
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11. Full Text Fatigue Testing of Controlled Memory Wire Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments
by Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD and Qian, Wei, DDS, PhD and Abtin, Houman, BDS and Gao, Yuan, DDS, PhD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2011, Volume 37, Issue 7, pp. 997 - 1001
Abstract Introduction To improve the fracture resistance of nickel-titanium (NiTi) files, manufacturers have introduced new alloys to manufacture NiTi files... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | ProFile | Controlled memory | fatigue | nickel-titanium instrument | DEFECTS | BEHAVIOR | ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS | FILES | FRACTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | CLINICAL-USE | RESISTANCE | LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE | PART 2 | Dental Alloys | Torque | Dental Instruments | Dental Stress Analysis | Stress, Mechanical | Titanium | Materials Testing | Root Canal Preparation - instrumentation | Nickel | Equipment Design | Equipment Failure
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12. Full Text In Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of a Novel Root Repair Material
by Zhou, Hui-min, PhD and Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD and Wang, Zhe-jun, DDS, PhD and Li, Li, PhD and Zheng, Yu-feng, PhD and Häkkinen, Lari, DDS, PhD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2013, Volume 39, Issue 4, pp. 478 - 483
Abstract Introduction This study examined the effect of a new bioactive dentin substitute material (Biodentine) on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts.... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | calcium silicate–based materials | Biodentine | glass ionomer | cell adhesion | Biocompatibility | flow cytometry | MTA | human gingival fibroblast | cytotoxicity | calcium silicate-based materials | SILICATE-BASED MATERIALS | SEALING ABILITY | MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE | DENTIN | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | PORTLAND-CEMENT | ODONTOBLAST-LIKE CELLS | DIFFERENTIATION | PERIODONTAL-LIGAMENT FIBROBLASTS | END FILLING MATERIAL | Cell Survival - drug effects | Aluminum Compounds - toxicity | Glass Ionomer Cements - toxicity | Humans | Cells, Cultured | Oxides - toxicity | Cell Adhesion - drug effects | Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents - toxicity | Calcium Compounds - toxicity | Flow Cytometry | Analysis of Variance | Gingiva - drug effects | Fibroblasts - drug effects | Gingiva - cytology | Silicates - toxicity | Cell Proliferation - drug effects | Drug Combinations | Sects | Analysis
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13. Full Text Antibacterial Activity of Endodontic Sealers by Modified Direct Contact Test Against Enterococcus faecalis
by Zhang, Hui, DDS, PhD and Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD and Ruse, N. Dorin, PhD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2009, Volume 35, Issue 7, pp. 1051 - 1055
Abstract Introduction The antibacterial effectiveness of 7 different endodontic sealers, AH Plus, Apexit Plus, iRoot SP, Tubli Seal, Sealapex, Epiphany SE, and... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | Enterococcus faecalis | Antibacterial activity | direct contact test | endodontic sealers | CEMENT | ROOT-CANAL SEALERS | RELEASE | SOLUBILITY | IN-VITRO | CALCIUM HYDROXIDE | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | ENDOREZ | ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY | Wettability | Enterococcus faecalis - drug effects | Microbial Viability - drug effects | Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology | Root Canal Filling Materials - pharmacology | Colony Count, Microbial | Hydrogen-Ion Concentration | Antibacterial agents
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14. Full Text Effect of Long-term Exposure to Endodontic Disinfecting Solutions on Young and Old Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms in Dentin Canals
by Du, Tianfeng, DDS and Wang, Zhejun, DDS, PhD and Shen, Ya, DDS, PhD and Ma, Jingzhi, DDS, PhD and Cao, Yingguang, DDS, PhD and Haapasalo, Markus, DDS, PhD
Journal of Endodontics, ISSN 0099-2399, 2014, Volume 40, Issue 4, pp. 509 - 514
Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in dentin canals of short-term and... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Dentistry | Enterococcus faecalis | Biofilm | chlorhexidine | dentinal tubules | sodium hypochlorite | SURVIVAL | EFFICACY | LASER-SCANNING MICROSCOPY | PULPS | TUBULES | VIABILITY | INFECTED DENTIN | SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE | DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE | ORAL BACTERIA | Biofilms - drug effects | Water | Dentin - microbiology | Enterococcus faecalis - drug effects | Dental Pulp Cavity - ultrastructure | Microbial Viability - drug effects | Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology | Organic Chemicals | Humans | Chlorhexidine - pharmacology | Dentin - ultrastructure | Random Allocation | Dental Pulp Cavity - microbiology | Root Canal Irrigants - pharmacology | Microscopy, Confocal | Propidium | Time Factors | Bacteriological Techniques | Sodium Hypochlorite - pharmacology | Fluorescent Dyes | Canals | Infection control
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