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index medicus (9) 9
infectious diseases (6) 6
catheters (4) 4
chlorhexidine (4) 4
humans (4) 4
research (4) 4
blood-stream infections (3) 3
chlorhexidine - administration & dosage (3) 3
critical care (3) 3
critical care medicine (3) 3
infection control (3) 3
infectious disease (3) 3
prevention (3) 3
adult (2) 2
alcohol (2) 2
anesthesiology (2) 2
anti-infective agents, local - administration & dosage (2) 2
anti-infective agents, local - pharmacokinetics (2) 2
antimicrobial agents (2) 2
bacteria (2) 2
catheter-related infection (2) 2
catheter-related infections (2) 2
catheter-related infections - prevention & control (2) 2
central venous catheters (2) 2
chlorhexidine - analogs & derivatives (2) 2
chlorhexidine - pharmacokinetics (2) 2
colony count, microbial (2) 2
complications (2) 2
contamination (2) 2
cvc (2) 2
disease prevention (2) 2
dosage and administration (2) 2
emergency medicine (2) 2
equipment contamination (2) 2
female (2) 2
health aspects (2) 2
hospitals (2) 2
in vitro (2) 2
infection risk (2) 2
infections (2) 2
infectious and parasitic diseases (2) 2
intensive / critical care medicine (2) 2
male (2) 2
medicine & public health (2) 2
microbial ingress (2) 2
microbiology (2) 2
middle aged (2) 2
nosocomial infections (2) 2
nursing (2) 2
public, environmental & occupational health (2) 2
skin (2) 2
staphylococcus aureus (2) 2
suture (2) 2
veins & arteries (2) 2
1,8-cineole (1) 1
2-propanol - administration & dosage (1) 1
2-propanol - pharmacokinetics (1) 1
5-fluorouracil (1) 1
adhesive (1) 1
adhesives (1) 1
administration, topical (1) 1
adolescent (1) 1
adults (1) 1
aged (1) 1
aged, 80 and over (1) 1
alloys (1) 1
analysis (1) 1
anti-bacterial agents - chemistry (1) 1
anti-bacterial agents - pharmacology (1) 1
antibacterial activity (1) 1
antibiotics (1) 1
antimicrobial (1) 1
antisepsis (1) 1
antiseptics (1) 1
aqueous solutions (1) 1
bacteremia (1) 1
bacterial infections (1) 1
bacteriology (1) 1
bandages - adverse effects (1) 1
bandages - microbiology (1) 1
beta-lactamases - biosynthesis (1) 1
blood clot (1) 1
blood-stream infection (1) 1
cardiovascular (1) 1
cardiovascular disease (1) 1
care (1) 1
care and treatment (1) 1
case studies (1) 1
catheter migration (1) 1
catheter-related infections - microbiology (1) 1
catheterization, central venous - adverse effects (1) 1
causes of (1) 1
central venous catheter (1) 1
central venous catheters - microbiology (1) 1
chemistry, medicinal (1) 1
chemistry, organic (1) 1
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1. Full Text The risk of microbial contamination associated with six different needle-free connectors
by Casey, Anna L and Karpanen, Tarja J and Nightingale, Peter and Elliott, Tom SJ
British Journal of Nursing, ISSN 0966-0461, 01/2018, Volume 27, Issue 2, pp. S18 - S26
Background: needle-free connectors are widely used in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to identify any differences between microbial ingress into... 
Research | Vascular access | In vitro | Needle-free connector | Infection risk | Microbial ingress | Intravenous therapy | Medical equipment | Bacterial infections | Simulation | Bacteria | Standardized patients | Disinfection & disinfectants | Sampling | Clinical practice | Contamination | Staphylococcus aureus
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2. Full Text A clinical evaluation of two central venous catheter stabilization systems
by Karpanen, Tarja J and Casey, Anna L and Whitehouse, Tony and Timsit, Jean-Francois and Mimoz, Olivier and Palomar, Mercedes and Elliott, Tom S. J
Annals of Intensive Care, ISSN 2110-5820, 12/2019, Volume 9, Issue 1, pp. 1 - 8
Central venous catheters (CVCs) are commonly secured with sutures which are associated with microbial colonization and infection. We report a comparison of a... 
CVC | Securement | Emergency Medicine | Medicine & Public Health | Catheter migration | Intensive / Critical Care Medicine | Anesthesiology | Sutureless | Suture | INFECTIONS | HOSPITALS | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Disease prevention | Case studies | Wound healing | Feasibility studies | Cardiovascular disease | Nosocomial infections | Catheters
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3. Full Text Clinical evaluation of a chlorhexidine intravascular catheter gel dressing on short-term central venous catheters
by Karpanen, Tarja J., PhD and Casey, Anna L., PhD and Whitehouse, Tony, FRCA and Nightingale, Peter, PhD and Das, Ira, FRCPath and Elliott, Thomas S.J., DSc
AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control, ISSN 0196-6553, 2016, Volume 44, Issue 1, pp. 54 - 60
Background A major source of microbial colonization of short-term central venous catheters (CVC) is the patients' endogenous skin microorganisms located at the... 
Infectious Disease | Infection Control | Sutures | Catheter-related infection | Intravascular dressing | Central venous catheter | Chlorhexidine | Critical care patient | ADHESIVE | SUTURE | INFECTIOUS DISEASES | BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION | METAANALYSIS | PREVENTION | ADULTS | PATHOGENESIS | PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | GLUCONATE | COMPLICATIONS | SKIN | Prospective Studies | Skin - microbiology | Central Venous Catheters - microbiology | Endovascular Procedures - adverse effects | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Catheter-Related Infections - prevention & control | Bandages - adverse effects | Young Adult | Chlorhexidine - analogs & derivatives | Adolescent | Aged, 80 and over | Adult | Critical Care | Female | Aged | Sutures - microbiology | Chlorhexidine - administration & dosage | Catheterization, Central Venous - adverse effects | Chlorhexidine - adverse effects | Hospitals
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4. Full Text Enhanced chlorhexidine skin penetration with eucalyptus oil
by Karpanen, Tarja J and Conway, Barbara R and Worthington, Tony and Hilton, Anthony C and Elliott, Tom S.J and Lambert, Peter A
BMC Infectious Diseases, ISSN 1471-2334, 09/2010, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp. 278 - 278
Background: Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) is a widely used skin antiseptic, however it poorly penetrates the skin, limiting its efficacy against... 
5-FLUOROURACIL | INFECTIOUS DISEASES | IN-VITRO | BACTERIA | TERPENES | STRATUM-CORNEUM | DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY | 1,8-CINEOLE | PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION | PERMEATION | LIPIDS | 2-Propanol - administration & dosage | Skin - metabolism | Humans | Drug Carriers - administration & dosage | Oils, Volatile - pharmacokinetics | Chlorhexidine - pharmacokinetics | Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacokinetics | Eucalyptus | Monoterpenes - pharmacokinetics | Anti-Infective Agents, Local - administration & dosage | Chlorhexidine - analogs & derivatives | 2-Propanol - pharmacokinetics | Monoterpenes - administration & dosage | Drug Carriers - pharmacokinetics | Chlorhexidine - administration & dosage | Oils, Volatile - administration & dosage | Administration, Topical | Usage | Eucalyptus oil | Drug metabolism | Chlorhexidine | Dosage and administration | Research | Health aspects | Studies | Health sciences | Microorganisms | Aqueous solutions | Ulcers | Antimicrobial agents | Clinical medicine | Manuscripts
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5. Full Text An in vitro comparison of standard cleaning to a continuous passive disinfection cap for the decontamination of needle-free connectors
by Casey, Anna L and Karpanen, Tarja J and Nightingale, Peter and Elliott, Tom S.J
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, ISSN 2047-2994, 04/2018, Volume 7, Issue 1, pp. 50 - 5
Background: The optimal decontamination method for needle-free connectors is still unresolved. The objective of this study was to determine if a continuous... 
Isopropyl alcohol | Chlorhexidine | Needle-free connectors | Wipe | Disinfection cap | INFECTIOUS DISEASES | CONTAMINATION | MICROBIOLOGY | STRATEGIES | PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | ALCOHOL | RESISTANCE | BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS | Analysis | Staphylococcus aureus infections | Causes of | Dosage and administration | Research | Health aspects | Staphylococcus aureus | Isopropanol | Infection control
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6. Full Text Antimicrobial activity of a chlorhexidine intravascular catheter site gel dressing
by Karpanen, Tarja J and Casey, Anna L and Conway, Barbara R and Lambert, Peter A and Elliott, Tom S. J
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, ISSN 0305-7453, 8/2011, Volume 66, Issue 8, pp. 1777 - 1784
Objectives The antimicrobial efficacy of a chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) intravascular catheter gel dressing was evaluated against methicillin-resistant... 
Antisepsis | Ex vivo | Catheter-related infections | Franz diffusion cell | INFECTIOUS DISEASES | EFFICACY | EX-VIVO TEST | MICROBIOLOGY | ex vivo | ANTISEPTICS | NORMAL HUMAN-SKIN | STAPHYLOCOCCUS-EPIDERMIDIS | antisepsis | ALCOHOL | ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY | IN-VIVO | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS | catheter-related infections | BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS | Escherichia coli - enzymology | Escherichia coli Infections - prevention & control | Escherichia coli - drug effects | Gels - administration & dosage | Humans | Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects | Middle Aged | Male | Colony Count, Microbial | Bandages - microbiology | beta-Lactamases - biosynthesis | Catheter-Related Infections - prevention & control | Chlorhexidine - pharmacokinetics | Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacokinetics | Anti-Infective Agents, Local - administration & dosage | Escherichia coli - isolation & purification | Adult | Female | Staphylococcal Infections - prevention & control | Chlorhexidine - administration & dosage | Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification
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7. Full Text Addition of PLA2 to CRP enhances sepsis diagnosis
by Elliott, Tom S.J and Casey, Anna L and Karpanen, Tarja J and David, Miruna D and Whitehouse, Tony and Lambert, Peter A and Vernallis, Ann B and Worthington, Tony and Parekh, Gita and Dunston, Christopher R and Kirby, Josh and Davis, Paul
Journal of Infection, ISSN 0163-4453, 2016, Volume 73, Issue 4, pp. 386 - 388
Infectious Disease | INFECTIOUS DISEASES | BACTEREMIA
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8. Antimicrobial activity of a chlorhexidine intravascular catheter site gel dressing
by Tarja J Karpanen and Anna L Casey and Barbara R Conway and Peter A Lambert and Tom SJ Elliot
The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, ISSN 0305-7453, 08/2011, Volume 66, Issue 8, p. 1777
The antimicrobial efficacy of a chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) intravascular catheter gel dressing was evaluated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus... 
Chemotherapy | E coli | Antibiotics | Staphylococcus infections | Catheters
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9. Full Text Transparent Film Intravenous Line Dressing Incorporating a Chlorhexidine Gluconate Gel Pad: A Clinical Staff Evaluation
by Karpanen, Tarja J., PhD, RGN and Casey, Anna L., PhD and Das, Ira, MD, MBBS, FRCPath and Whitehouse, Tony, MD, MBBS, FRCA, FFICM and Nightingale, Peter, PhD and Elliott, Thomas S.J., PhD, DSc, FRCPath
Journal of the Association for Vascular Access, ISSN 1552-8855, 2016, Volume 21, Issue 3, pp. 133 - 138
Abstract Background Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) has been shown to reduce the microbial load at intravascular (IV) catheter insertion sites and the risk of... 
Cardiovascular | Internal Medicine | Surgery | critical care | CVC | vascath | CHG | IV dressing | Adhesives | Skin | Infections | International conferences | Disease control | Catheters | Veins & arteries
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10. Full Text A comparative study to evaluate surface microbial contamination associated with copper-containing and stainless steel pens used by nurses in the critical care unit
by Casey, Anna L., PhD and Karpanen, Tarja J., PhD and Adams, Debra, PhD and Lambert, Peter A., DSc and Nightingale, Peter, PhD and Miruszenko, Lisa, RGN and Elliott, Tom S.J., FRCPath
AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control, ISSN 0196-6553, 2011, Volume 39, Issue 8, pp. e52 - e54
A clinical study was undertaken to compare the surface microbial contamination associated with pens constructed of either a copper alloy or stainless steel... 
Infectious Disease | Infection Control | Copper | microbial contamination | writing pens | INFECTIOUS DISEASES | DOCTORS | RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS | NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS | Handwriting | Equipment and Supplies, Hospital - microbiology | Humans | Alloys | Gram-Positive Cocci - isolation & purification | Equipment Contamination | Colony Count, Microbial | Gram-Negative Bacteria - isolation & purification | Intensive Care Units - supply & distribution | Copper - chemistry | Stainless Steel | Nurses | Surface Properties | Comparative analysis | Steel, Stainless | Copper alloys | Pens
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11. Full Text Studies of skin antisepsis and enhanced penetration of chlorhexidine
by Kärpänen, Tarja J
2008
Current evidence-based guidelines recommend that 2% (w/v) chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG), preferentially in 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol (IIPA), is used for... 
Pharmacology
Dissertation
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12. Full Text A state of the art review on optimal practices to prevent, recognize, and manage complications associated with intravascular devices in the critically ill
by Timsit, Jean-François and Rupp, Mark and Bouza, Emilio and Chopra, Vineet and Kärpänen, Tarja and Laupland, Kevin and Lisboa, Thiago and Mermel, Leonard and Mimoz, Olivier and Parienti, Jean-Jacques and Poulakou, Garyphalia and Souweine, Bertrand and Zingg, Walter
Intensive Care Medicine, ISSN 0342-4642, 6/2018, Volume 44, Issue 6, pp. 742 - 759
Intravascular catheters are inserted into almost all critically ill patients. This review provides up-to-date insight into available knowledge on epidemiology... 
Pediatrics | Pain Medicine | Pulmonary emboli | Emergency Medicine | Pneumology/Respiratory System | Medicine & Public Health | Intravascular catheter | Critically ill | Intensive / Critical Care Medicine | Sepsis | Anesthesiology | Thrombosis | QUALITY IMPROVEMENT INTERVENTIONS | INSERTED CENTRAL CATHETERS | POVIDONE IODINE-ALCOHOL | RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL | CATHETER-RELATED INFECTION | INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT | STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS | CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS | RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY | BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Prevention | Complications and side effects | Care and treatment | Iatrogenic diseases | Critical care medicine | Methods | Risk factors | Blood clot | Intravenous catheterization | Complications | Medical instruments | Critical care | Epidemiology | Catheters | State-of-the-art reviews | New technology | Nosocomial infections | Thromboembolism | Patient assessment | Veins & arteries | Life Sciences | Microbiology and Parasitology | Bacteriology | Virology
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13. Full Text Chlorhexidine use in adult patients on ICU
by Bouadma, Lila and Karpanen, Tarja and Elliott, Tom
Intensive Care Medicine, ISSN 0342-4642, 12/2018, Volume 44, Issue 12, pp. 2232 - 2234
Chlorhexidine (CHG) is a biguanide cationic antiseptic molecule, which has been incorporated into mouthwash solutions, dental gels, dressings, washcloths and... 
PREVENTION | CATHETER-RELATED INFECTIONS | CARE | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Disease prevention | Antimicrobial agents | Intensive care | Chlorhexidine | Drug resistance | Oral hygiene
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14. Full Text An In Vitro Comparison of Microbial Ingress Into 8 Different Needleless IV Access Devices
by Casey, Anna and Karpanen, Tarja and Nightingale, Peter and Elliott, Tom
Journal of Infusion Nursing, ISSN 1533-1458, 01/2015, Volume 38, Issue 1, pp. 18 - 25
There are conflicting reports of the effect needleless intravenous access devices have on rates of catheter-related bloodstream infection. The aim of this... 
infection risk | needleless device | microbial ingress | in vitro | Infusions, Intravenous - instrumentation | Equipment Contamination | In Vitro Techniques | Equipment Design | Catheter-Related Infections - microbiology | Cross Infection - microbiology
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15. Full Text Thiosemicarbazones active against Clostridium difficile
by Costello, Cait and Karpanen, Tarja and Lambert, Peter A and Mistry, Preena and Parker, Katy J and Rathbone, Daniel L and Ren, Jiangmeng and Wheeldon, Laura and Worthington, Tony
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, ISSN 0960-894X, 2008, Volume 18, Issue 5, pp. 1708 - 1711
The synthesis and screening of a set of antimicrobial thiosemicarbazones is reported. A set of closely related furylidene thiosemicarbazones was prepared and... 
Antimicrobial | Thiosemicarbazone | Nitrofuran | Clostridium difficile | antimicrobial | CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL | TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI | nitrofuran | COMPLEXES | thiosemicarbazone | CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC | INHIBITORS | DERIVATIVES | EMERGENCE | Microbial Sensitivity Tests | Thiosemicarbazones - chemistry | Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry | Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology | Molecular Structure | Structure-Activity Relationship | Thiosemicarbazones - pharmacology | Clostridium difficile - drug effects
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