Nature Reviews Neuroscience, ISSN 1471-003X, 06/2011, Volume 12, Issue 6, pp. 345 - 357
The nervous system is protected by barriers that restrict the invasion of pathogens. Nevertheless, mechanisms have evolved by which microbes can pass these...
LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES | IN-VITRO | ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS | AXONAL RETROGRADE TRANSPORT | TOXOPLASMA-GONDII | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI | BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER | NILE-VIRUS ENTRY | NEUROSCIENCES | STREPTOCOCCUS-SUIS | Animals | Brain - microbiology | Neurons - microbiology | Blood-Brain Barrier - microbiology | Immune response | Blood-brain barrier | Neurons | Physiological aspects | Genetic aspects | Research | Health aspects
LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES | IN-VITRO | ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS | AXONAL RETROGRADE TRANSPORT | TOXOPLASMA-GONDII | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI | BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER | NILE-VIRUS ENTRY | NEUROSCIENCES | STREPTOCOCCUS-SUIS | Animals | Brain - microbiology | Neurons - microbiology | Blood-Brain Barrier - microbiology | Immune response | Blood-brain barrier | Neurons | Physiological aspects | Genetic aspects | Research | Health aspects
Journal Article
Trends in Neurosciences, ISSN 0166-2236, 06/2014, Volume 37, Issue 6, p. 325
 One hundred years ago, Edwin E. Goldmann discovered the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using trypan dyes. These dyes were developed and named by Paul Ehrlich...
Brain | Blood-brain barrier | Pathogenesis | Neurodegeneration | Cells
Brain | Blood-brain barrier | Pathogenesis | Neurodegeneration | Cells
Journal Article
Brain Research Bulletin, ISSN 0361-9230, 02/2019, Volume 145, pp. 18 - 29
In this review we describe how , a rodent pathogenic strain of African trypanosomes, can invade the nervous system, first by localization to the choroid...
Circadian rhythms | Nervous system | Blood-brain barrier | Trypanosoma brucei | African trypanosomiasis | Circumventricular organs | CLOCK GENE-EXPRESSION | INTERFERON-GAMMA RECEPTOR | ANTIGENIC VARIATION | SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY | SLEEPING SICKNESS | NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA | NEUROSCIENCES | CIRCADIAN CLOCK | VERVET MONKEYS | BRUCEI RHODESIENSE INFECTION | SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI | Animal experimentation | Neurosciences | Sleep | T cells | Trypanosomiasis | Nitric oxide
Circadian rhythms | Nervous system | Blood-brain barrier | Trypanosoma brucei | African trypanosomiasis | Circumventricular organs | CLOCK GENE-EXPRESSION | INTERFERON-GAMMA RECEPTOR | ANTIGENIC VARIATION | SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY | SLEEPING SICKNESS | NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA | NEUROSCIENCES | CIRCADIAN CLOCK | VERVET MONKEYS | BRUCEI RHODESIENSE INFECTION | SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI | Animal experimentation | Neurosciences | Sleep | T cells | Trypanosomiasis | Nitric oxide
Journal Article
Trends in Neurosciences, ISSN 0166-2236, 2014, Volume 37, Issue 6, pp. 325 - 333
Highlights • The blood–brain barrier (BBB) was discovered one century ago by the use of trypan dyes. • The discovery initiated the targeted brain delivery of...
Neurology | neurodegeneration | endocytosis | neuroinflammation | pericytes | neurovascular unit | sleeping sickness | Pericytes | Neuroinflammation | Endocytosis | Sleeping sickness | Neurovascular unit | Neurodegeneration | BEHAVIOR | NEUROSCIENCES | TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-GAMBIENSE | INTEGRITY | DISEASE | NITRIC-OXIDE | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | INFECTION | Coloring Agents - pharmacology | Brain - physiopathology | History, 20th Century | Humans | Blood-Brain Barrier - physiopathology | Trypanosomiasis - physiopathology | Neurodegenerative Diseases - drug therapy | Blood-Brain Barrier - drug effects | Brain - physiology | Cell Movement - physiology | Brain - drug effects | Trypanosomiasis - drug therapy | Neurology - history | Animals | Neurodegenerative Diseases - physiopathology | Trypanocidal Agents - pharmacology | Blood-Brain Barrier - physiology | History, 19th Century | Blood-Brain Barrier - parasitology | Azo Compounds - pharmacology | Brain - parasitology | Review
Neurology | neurodegeneration | endocytosis | neuroinflammation | pericytes | neurovascular unit | sleeping sickness | Pericytes | Neuroinflammation | Endocytosis | Sleeping sickness | Neurovascular unit | Neurodegeneration | BEHAVIOR | NEUROSCIENCES | TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-GAMBIENSE | INTEGRITY | DISEASE | NITRIC-OXIDE | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | INFECTION | Coloring Agents - pharmacology | Brain - physiopathology | History, 20th Century | Humans | Blood-Brain Barrier - physiopathology | Trypanosomiasis - physiopathology | Neurodegenerative Diseases - drug therapy | Blood-Brain Barrier - drug effects | Brain - physiology | Cell Movement - physiology | Brain - drug effects | Trypanosomiasis - drug therapy | Neurology - history | Animals | Neurodegenerative Diseases - physiopathology | Trypanocidal Agents - pharmacology | Blood-Brain Barrier - physiology | History, 19th Century | Blood-Brain Barrier - parasitology | Azo Compounds - pharmacology | Brain - parasitology | Review
Journal Article
Frontiers in immunology, ISSN 1664-3224, 2018, Volume 9, p. 2877
Circumventricular organs (CVOs), neural structures located around the third and fourth ventricles, harbor, similarly to the choroid plexus, vessels devoid of a...
blood-brain barrier | sleep disorders | lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus | brain infections | circadian rhythms | Trypanosoma brucei | choroid plexus | immune responses | NERVOUS-SYSTEM | IMMUNE-RESPONSE | VASCULAR-PERMEABILITY | IMMUNOLOGY | ARCUATE NUCLEUS | CELL INFILTRATION | TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4 | SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS | TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-BRUCEI | CHOROID-PLEXUS | AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS | Immune response | Trypanosoma | Brain research | Research
blood-brain barrier | sleep disorders | lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus | brain infections | circadian rhythms | Trypanosoma brucei | choroid plexus | immune responses | NERVOUS-SYSTEM | IMMUNE-RESPONSE | VASCULAR-PERMEABILITY | IMMUNOLOGY | ARCUATE NUCLEUS | CELL INFILTRATION | TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4 | SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS | TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-BRUCEI | CHOROID-PLEXUS | AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS | Immune response | Trypanosoma | Brain research | Research
Journal Article
Virulence, ISSN 2150-5594, 03/2012, Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 202 - 212
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a structural and functional barrier that protects the central nervous system (CNS) from invasion by blood-borne pathogens...
blood-brain barrier | infection | parasite | Toxoplasma gondii | neuroinvasion | parasite-derived factors | Trypanosoma brucei | host-derived factors | central nervous system | Binding | Proteins | Landes | Calcium | Bioscience | Biology | Cell | Cycle | Cancer | Organogenesis | Infection | Blood-brain barrier | Parasite-derived factors | Central nervous system | Parasite | Host-derived factors | Neuroinvasion | AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMES | INFECTIOUS DISEASES | INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1 | TOXOPLASMA-GONDII TACHYZOITES | TRANSEPITHELIAL MIGRATION | MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS | MICROBIOLOGY | NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA | IMMUNOLOGY | BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS INTERACTIONS | TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-BRUCEI | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | CEREBRAL MALARIA | Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections - pathology | Host-Pathogen Interactions | Toxoplasma - immunology | Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections - parasitology | Blood-Brain Barrier - immunology | Humans | Trypanosoma brucei brucei - pathogenicity | Blood-Brain Barrier - parasitology | Toxoplasma - pathogenicity | Trypanosoma brucei brucei - immunology | Review
blood-brain barrier | infection | parasite | Toxoplasma gondii | neuroinvasion | parasite-derived factors | Trypanosoma brucei | host-derived factors | central nervous system | Binding | Proteins | Landes | Calcium | Bioscience | Biology | Cell | Cycle | Cancer | Organogenesis | Infection | Blood-brain barrier | Parasite-derived factors | Central nervous system | Parasite | Host-derived factors | Neuroinvasion | AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMES | INFECTIOUS DISEASES | INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1 | TOXOPLASMA-GONDII TACHYZOITES | TRANSEPITHELIAL MIGRATION | MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS | MICROBIOLOGY | NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA | IMMUNOLOGY | BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS INTERACTIONS | TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-BRUCEI | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | CEREBRAL MALARIA | Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections - pathology | Host-Pathogen Interactions | Toxoplasma - immunology | Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections - parasitology | Blood-Brain Barrier - immunology | Humans | Trypanosoma brucei brucei - pathogenicity | Blood-Brain Barrier - parasitology | Toxoplasma - pathogenicity | Trypanosoma brucei brucei - immunology | Review
Journal Article
Brain Research Bulletin, ISSN 0361-9230, 2006, Volume 68, Issue 6, pp. 406 - 413
Recent incidences of direct passage of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus strains of the H5N1 and H7N7 subtypes from birds to man have become a major...
Parkinsonism | Schizophrenia | Nervous system | Infections | Behavior | Substantia nigra | substantia nigra | ADULT SCHIZOPHRENIA | PRENATAL EXPOSURE | schizophrenia | NEUROSCIENCES | A H5N1 VIRUSES | A/WSN/33 VIRUS | PATHOGENESIS | nervous system | ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA | infections | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | MICE | INFECTION | behavior | NEUROVIRULENCE | Encephalitis, Viral - virology | Species Specificity | Encephalitis, Viral - physiopathology | Humans | Virulence | Birds - virology | Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - pathogenicity | Influenza in Birds - transmission | Influenza in Birds - epidemiology | Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic - epidemiology | Psychotic Disorders - epidemiology | Organ Specificity | Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic - virology | Psychotic Disorders - virology | Animals | Disease Outbreaks | Influenza in Birds - complications | Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics | Encephalitis, Viral - epidemiology | Avian influenza | Virus diseases | Birds | Health aspects
Parkinsonism | Schizophrenia | Nervous system | Infections | Behavior | Substantia nigra | substantia nigra | ADULT SCHIZOPHRENIA | PRENATAL EXPOSURE | schizophrenia | NEUROSCIENCES | A H5N1 VIRUSES | A/WSN/33 VIRUS | PATHOGENESIS | nervous system | ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA | infections | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | MICE | INFECTION | behavior | NEUROVIRULENCE | Encephalitis, Viral - virology | Species Specificity | Encephalitis, Viral - physiopathology | Humans | Virulence | Birds - virology | Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - pathogenicity | Influenza in Birds - transmission | Influenza in Birds - epidemiology | Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic - epidemiology | Psychotic Disorders - epidemiology | Organ Specificity | Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic - virology | Psychotic Disorders - virology | Animals | Disease Outbreaks | Influenza in Birds - complications | Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics | Encephalitis, Viral - epidemiology | Avian influenza | Virus diseases | Birds | Health aspects
Journal Article
PLoS Pathogens, ISSN 1553-7366, 02/2016, Volume 12, Issue 2, p. e1005442
Nitric oxide (NO) generated by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is critical for defense against intracellular pathogens but may mediate inflammatory tissue damage....
HUMAN AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS | BRUCEI INFECTIONS | MICROBIOLOGY | NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA | SYNTHASE | S-NITROSYLATION | VIROLOGY | MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS | INTERFERON-GAMMA | TNF-ALPHA | NF-KAPPA-B | PARASITOLOGY | CEREBRAL MALARIA | Macrophages - metabolism | Animals | Cytokines - metabolism | Trypanosoma brucei brucei - metabolism | Encephalitis - metabolism | Macrophages, Peritoneal - metabolism | Nitric Oxide - metabolism | Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism | Mice, Knockout | Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - metabolism | Prevention | Nervous system diseases | Immune response | Blood-brain barrier | Nitric oxide | Development and progression | Genetic aspects | Health aspects | Trypanosomiasis | Brain | Enzymes | Lymphocytes | Rodents | Nervous system | Infections | Parasites | Permeability | Experiments
HUMAN AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS | BRUCEI INFECTIONS | MICROBIOLOGY | NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA | SYNTHASE | S-NITROSYLATION | VIROLOGY | MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS | INTERFERON-GAMMA | TNF-ALPHA | NF-KAPPA-B | PARASITOLOGY | CEREBRAL MALARIA | Macrophages - metabolism | Animals | Cytokines - metabolism | Trypanosoma brucei brucei - metabolism | Encephalitis - metabolism | Macrophages, Peritoneal - metabolism | Nitric Oxide - metabolism | Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism | Mice, Knockout | Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - metabolism | Prevention | Nervous system diseases | Immune response | Blood-brain barrier | Nitric oxide | Development and progression | Genetic aspects | Health aspects | Trypanosomiasis | Brain | Enzymes | Lymphocytes | Rodents | Nervous system | Infections | Parasites | Permeability | Experiments
Journal Article
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, 1/2016, Volume 113, Issue 3, pp. E368 - E377
An increased incidence in the sleep-disorder narcolepsy has been associated with the 2009–2010 pandemic of H1N1 influenza virus in China and with mass...
Lateral hypothalamus | Influenza A virus | Noradrenaline | Locus coeruleus | Orexin | HOST FACTORS | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | lateral hypothalamus | CATAPLEXY | OREXIN NEURONS | CONFER RISK | VIRULENCE | locus coeruleus | OLFACTORY-BULB | MOUSE MODEL | DISEASE | HYPOCRETIN/OREXIN DEFICIENCY | noradrenaline | orexin | RAT-BRAIN | influenza A virus | Hypothalamus - virology | Olfactory Bulb - physiopathology | Orthomyxoviridae Infections - physiopathology | Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - physiology | Electroencephalography | Immunity, Innate | Hypothalamus - physiopathology | Narcolepsy - physiopathology | Antigens, Viral - immunology | Animals | Sleep | Wakefulness | Narcolepsy - virology | Neurons - physiology | Olfactory Bulb - virology | Mice | Models, Neurological | Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology | Orthomyxoviridae Infections - immunology | Complications and side effects | Narcolepsy | Risk factors | Swine influenza | Biological Sciences | PNAS Plus
Lateral hypothalamus | Influenza A virus | Noradrenaline | Locus coeruleus | Orexin | HOST FACTORS | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | lateral hypothalamus | CATAPLEXY | OREXIN NEURONS | CONFER RISK | VIRULENCE | locus coeruleus | OLFACTORY-BULB | MOUSE MODEL | DISEASE | HYPOCRETIN/OREXIN DEFICIENCY | noradrenaline | orexin | RAT-BRAIN | influenza A virus | Hypothalamus - virology | Olfactory Bulb - physiopathology | Orthomyxoviridae Infections - physiopathology | Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - physiology | Electroencephalography | Immunity, Innate | Hypothalamus - physiopathology | Narcolepsy - physiopathology | Antigens, Viral - immunology | Animals | Sleep | Wakefulness | Narcolepsy - virology | Neurons - physiology | Olfactory Bulb - virology | Mice | Models, Neurological | Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology | Orthomyxoviridae Infections - immunology | Complications and side effects | Narcolepsy | Risk factors | Swine influenza | Biological Sciences | PNAS Plus
Journal Article
Progress in Neurobiology, ISSN 0301-0082, 2010, Volume 91, Issue 2, pp. 152 - 171
The extracellular parasite causes human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness. Trypanosomes are transmitted by tsetse flies and HAT...
Infection | Sleeping sickness | Trypanosoma | Cytokines | Human African trypanosomiasis | Nervous system | Hypothalamus | Blood–brain barrier | Blood-brain barrier | CLOCK GENE-EXPRESSION | DORSOMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | VENTROLATERAL PREOPTIC NEURONS | SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS NEURONS | NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE | BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER | NEUROSCIENCES | PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH | TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR | EYE-MOVEMENT SLEEP | MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE | Trypanosomiasis, African - immunology | Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections - parasitology | Sleep Wake Disorders - parasitology | Trypanosomiasis, African - parasitology | Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections - immunology | Sleep - immunology | Animals | Synaptic Transmission - immunology | Humans | Brain - immunology | Sleep Wake Disorders - immunology | Brain | Alterations | Sleep | Parasites | Position (location) | Trypanosome
Infection | Sleeping sickness | Trypanosoma | Cytokines | Human African trypanosomiasis | Nervous system | Hypothalamus | Blood–brain barrier | Blood-brain barrier | CLOCK GENE-EXPRESSION | DORSOMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | VENTROLATERAL PREOPTIC NEURONS | SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS NEURONS | NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE | BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER | NEUROSCIENCES | PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH | TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR | EYE-MOVEMENT SLEEP | MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE | Trypanosomiasis, African - immunology | Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections - parasitology | Sleep Wake Disorders - parasitology | Trypanosomiasis, African - parasitology | Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections - immunology | Sleep - immunology | Animals | Synaptic Transmission - immunology | Humans | Brain - immunology | Sleep Wake Disorders - immunology | Brain | Alterations | Sleep | Parasites | Position (location) | Trypanosome
Journal Article