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1. Full Text The Incidence and Course of Retinopathy of Prematurity: Findings From the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Study
by Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group and Early Treatment Retinopathy Premat and Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group
Pediatrics, ISSN 0031-4005, 07/2005, Volume 116, Issue 1, pp. 15 - 23
Objectives. To estimate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) Study and compare these... 
Retinopathy of prematurity | Incidence | PEDIATRICS | incidence | retinopathy of prematurity | Retinopathy of Prematurity - etiology | Retinopathy of Prematurity - diagnosis | Retinopathy of Prematurity - therapy | Humans | Infant, Premature | Risk Factors | Cryotherapy | Infant, Newborn | Care and treatment | Research | Diagnosis | Retrolental fibroplasia | Infants (Premature) | Health aspects | Babies | Blood vessels | Retina | Developmental disabilities | Blindness
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2. Full Text Transition to ELM-free improved H-mode by lithium deposition on NSTX graphite divertor surfaces
by Mansfield, D.K and Kugel, H.W and Maingi, R and Bell, R and Bell, M.G and Kaita, R and Kallman, J and Kaye, S and LeBlanc, B and Mueller, D and Paul, S and Raman, R and Roquemore, L and Sabbagh, S and Schneider, H and Skinner, C.H and Soukhanovskii, V and Timberlake, J and Wilgen, J and Zakharov, L
Journal of Nuclear Materials, ISSN 0022-3115, 2009, Volume 390, Issue 1, pp. 764 - 767
Lithium evaporated onto plasma facing components in the NSTX lower divertor has made dramatic improvements in discharge performance. As lithium accumulated,... 
EDGE-LOCALIZED MODES | NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | REGIME | MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING | DIII-D TOKAMAK | PEDESTAL | Plasma physics | Graphite
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3. Full Text Supplemental ELM control in ITER through beryllium granule injection
by Lunsford, R and Bortolon, A and Maingi, R and Mansfield, D.K and Nagy, A and Jackson, G.L and Osborne, T and Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Nuclear Materials and Energy, ISSN 2352-1791, 05/2019, Volume 19, Issue C, pp. 34 - 41
Injection of low-Z granules into high performance discharges on DIII-D has been shown to promptly trigger Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) providing high-Z impurity... 
ELM pacing | beryllium | granule injection | ENERGY | DUST | NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | PELLET INJECTION | MITIGATION | ABLATION | 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
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4. Full Text Study on H-mode access at low density with lower hybrid current drive and lithium-wall coatings on the EAST superconducting tokamak
by Xu, G.S and Wan, B.N and Li, J.G and Gong, X.Z and Hu, J.S and Shan, J.F and Li, H and Mansfield, D.K and Humphreys, D.A and Naulin, V and EAST Team Int Collaborators and international collaborators
Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, 07/2011, Volume 51, Issue 7, p. 072001
The first high-confinement mode (H-mode) with type-III edge localized modes at an H factor of H-IPB98(y,H-2) similar to 1 has been obtained with about 1 MW... 
PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS | PHYSICS, NUCLEAR
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5. Full Text Real-time wall conditioning by controlled injection of boron and boron nitride powder in full tungsten wall ASDEX Upgrade
by Bortolon, A and Rohde, V and Maingi, R and Wolfrum, E and Dux, R and Herrmann, A and Lunsford, R and McDermott, R.M and Nagy, A and Kallenbach, A and Mansfield, D.K and Nazikian, R and Neu, R and ASDEX Upgrade Team and Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Nuclear Materials and Energy, ISSN 2352-1791, 05/2019, Volume 19, Issue C, pp. 384 - 389
In ASDEX Upgrade with full-tungsten wall, boronization is an important tool to control tungsten sources and allow reliable operation at low collisionality. The... 
NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | BORONIZATION | HIGH-CONFINEMENT | 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
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6. Full Text New steady-state quiescent high-confinement plasma in an experimental advanced superconducting tokamak
by Hu, J.S and Sun, Z and Guo, H.Y and Li, J.G and Wan, B.N and Wang, H.Q and Ding, S.Y and Xu, G.S and Liang, Y.F and Mansfield, D.K and Maingi, R and Zou, X.L and Wang, L and Ren, J and Zuo, G.Z and Zhang, L and Duan, Y.M and Shi, T.H and Hu, L.Q and East Team and East team
Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, 02/2015, Volume 114, Issue 5, p. 055001
A critical challenge facing the basic long-pulse high-confinement operation scenario (H mode) for ITER is to control a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability,... 
MODES | PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | ELMS | REGIME | Magnetohydrodynamics | Superconductivity | Electrochemical machining | MHD | Instability | Lithium | Tokamak devices | Real time
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7. Full Text Enhanced H-mode pedestals with lithium injection in DIII-D
by Osborne, T.H and Jackson, G.L and Yan, Z and Maingi, R and Mansfield, D.K and Grierson, B.A and Chrobak, C.P and McLean, A.G and Allen, S.L and Battaglia, D.J and Briesemeister, A.R and Fenstermacher, M.E and McKee, G.R and Snyder, P.B and DIII-D Team and The DIII-D Team and Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, 06/2015, Volume 55, Issue 6, pp. 63018 - 20
Periods of edge localized mode (ELM)-free H-mode with increased pedestal pressure and width were observed in the DIII-D tokamak when density fluctuations... 
pedestal | lithium | H-mode | DIII-D | PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS | STABILITY | ELMS | DISCHARGES | BETA | SPECTROSCOPY | REGIME | EDGE LOCALIZED MODES | CONFINEMENT | PHYSICS | Reduction | Flattening | Phases | Bursts | Fluctuation | Lithium | Carbon | Density | 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
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8. Full Text Lithium coating for H-mode and high performance plasmas on EAST in ASIPP
by Zuo, G.Z and Hu, J.S and Li, J.G and Sun, Z and Mansfield, D.K and Zakharov, L.E
Journal of Nuclear Materials, ISSN 0022-3115, 07/2013, Volume 438, pp. S90 - S95
Recently, routine coatings of plasma facing materials with lithium were carried out on EAST using both upgraded evaporative ovens and real-time injection of... 
NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | EDGE | MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING | TOKAMAKS | Coatings | Ovens | Vents | MHD | Lithium | Coating | Evaporative | Plasmas | Real time
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9. Full Text Edge-localized-mode suppression through density-profile modification with lithium-wall coatings in the national spherical torus experiment
by Maingi, R and Osborne, T.H and Leblanc, B.P and Bell, R.E and Manickam, J and Snyder, P.B and Menard, J.E and Mansfield, D.K and Kugel, H.W and Kaita, R and Gerhardt, S.P and Sabbagh, S.A and Kelly, F.A and NSTX Res Team and NSTX research team and Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, 08/2009, Volume 103, Issue 7, p. 075001
Reduction or elimination of edge localized modes (ELMs) while maintaining high confinement is essential for future fusion devices, e.g., the ITER. An ELM-free... 
NSTX PLASMAS | COLLISIONALITY REGIME | PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | OPERATION | STABILITY | CONFINEMENT | DIII-D TOKAMAK | PEDESTAL | PHYSICS | HIGH-BETA | GAS FUELING LOCATION
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10. Full Text Multi-species impurity granule injection and mass deposition projections in NSTX-U discharges
by Lunsford, R and Bortolon, A and Roquemore, A.L and Mansfield, D.K and Jaworski, M.A and Kaita, R and Maingi, R and Nagy, A and Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, 05/2017, Volume 57, Issue 7, p. 76008
By employing a neutral gas shielding (NGS) model to characterize impurity granule injection, the ablation rates for three different species of granule:... 
ELM pacing | Neutral gas shielding | Granule injection | PLASMA | PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS | PENETRATION | neutral gas shielding | DIII-D | granule injection | STRIATIONS | PELLET ABLATION | 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
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11. Full Text A multi-species powder dropper for magnetic fusion applications
by Nagy, A and Bortolon, A and Mauzey, D. M and Wolfe, E and Gilson, E. P and Lunsford, R and Maingi, R and Mansfield, D. K and Nazikian, R and Roquemore, A. L and Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Review of Scientific Instruments, ISSN 0034-6748, 10/2018, Volume 89, Issue 10, p. 10K121
We present a device for controlled injection of a variety of materials in powder form. The system implements four independent feeder units, arranged to share a... 
INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | PHYSICS, APPLIED | Light emitting diodes | Silicon carbide | Feeders | Plasmas | Impact tests | Impurities
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12. Full Text ELM frequency enhancement and discharge modification through lithium granule injection into EAST H-modes
by Lunsford, R and Hu, J.S and Sun, Z and Maingi, R and Mansfield, D.K and Xu, W and Zuo, G.Z and Huang, M and Diallo, A and Osborne, T and Tritz, K and Canik, J and Meng, X.C and Zang, Q and Gong, X.Z and Wan, B.N and Li, J.G and EAST Team and The EAST team and Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, 10/2018, Volume 58, Issue 12, p. 126021
The injection of impurity granules into fusion research discharges can serve as a catalyst for ELM events. For sufficiently low ELM frequencies, and granule... 
pacing | lithium | ELM | PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS | PELLET INJECTION | MITIGATION | ASDEX UPGRADE | ABLATION | ITER | DIII-D | 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
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13. Full Text First observations of ELM triggering by injected lithium granules in EAST
by Mansfield, D.K and Roquemore, A.L and Carroll, T and Sun, Z and Hu, J.S and Zhang, L and Liang, Y.F and Gong, X.Z and Li, J.G and Guo, H.Y and Zuo, G.Z and Parks, P and Wu, W and Maingi, R
Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, 11/2013, Volume 53, Issue 11, pp. 113023 - 7
The first results of edge-localized mode (ELM) pacing using small spherical lithium granules injected mechanically into H-mode discharges are reported.... 
PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS | ABLATION | Decoupling | Granular materials | Elm | Granules | Lithium | Devices | Ablation | Pellets
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14. Full Text Erratum: New Steady-State Quiescent High-Confinement Plasma in an Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (Physical Review Letters (2015) :114 (055001))
by Hu, J.S and Sun, Z and Guo, H.Y and Li, J.G and Wan, B.N and Wang, H.Q and Ding, S.Y and Xu, G.S and Liang, Y.F and Mansfield, D.K and Maingi, R and Zou, X.L and Wang, L and Ren, J and Zuo, G.Z and Zhang, L and Duan, Y.M and Shi, T.H and Hu, L.Q
Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, 10/2015, Volume 115, Issue 16
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15. Full Text Ablation of solid pellets induced by supra-thermal ions in the far scrape-off layer of DIII-D plasmas
by Bortolon, A and Kramer, GJ and Maingi, R and Mansfield, K and Nagy, A and Roquemore, AL and Lunsford, R and Bykov, I and Moyer, RA and Parks, PB and Van Zeeland, MA and Nazikian, R and DIII-D Team and the DIII-D team and Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
NUCLEAR FUSION, ISSN 0029-5515, 08/2019, Volume 59, Issue 8, p. 84003
Injection of solid pellets is a key element in several aspects of the operation of a magnetic confinement plasma reactor for fusion applications, including... 
lithium | HYDROGEN-PELLET | pellet | INJECTION | PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS | ablation | scrape-off layer | tokamak | MODEL | DIII-D | fast-ion | FLOW | 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
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16. Full Text ELM elimination with Li powder injection in east discharges using the tungsten upper divertor
by Maingi, R and Hu, J.S and Sun, Z and Tritz, K and Zuo, G.Z and Xu, W and Huang, M and Meng, X.C and Canik, J.M and Diallo, A and Lunsford, R and Mansfield, D.K and Osborne, T.H and Gong, X.Z and Wang, Y.F and Li, Y.Y and EAST Team and EAST team and Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, 02/2018, Volume 58, Issue 2, p. 24003
We report the first successful use-of lithium (Li) to eliminate edge-localized modes (ELMs) with tungsten divertor plasma-facing components in the EAST device.... 
Lithium seeding | Edge stability | Plasma wall interactions | Edge localized modes | EXTRAPOLATION | ENERGY | plasma wall interactions | edge localized modes | PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS | REGIME | MODE | CONFINEMENT | ITER | lithium seeding | edge stability | 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
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17. Full Text Real time wall conditioning with lithium powder injection in long pulse H-mode plasmas in EAST with tungsten divertor
by Sun, Z and Maingi, R and Hu, J.S and Xu, W and Zuo, G.Z and Yu, Y.W and Wu, C.R and Huang, M and Meng, X.C and Zhang, L and Wang, L and Mao, S.T and Ding, F and Mansfield, D.K and Canik, J and Lunsford, R and Bortolon, A and Gong, X.Z and EAST Team
Nuclear Materials and Energy, ISSN 2352-1791, 05/2019, Volume 19, Issue C, pp. 124 - 130
Real-time lithium powder injection has been applied to long-pulse (>30 s) H-mode plasmas in EAST. This replenishes the active lithium surface that is routinely... 
Long pulse plasma | Lithium | Recycling | Impurity | NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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18. Full Text Mitigation of divertor heat flux by high-frequency ELM pacing with non-fuel pellet injection in DIII-D
by Bortolon, A and Maingi, R and Mansfield, D.K and Nagy, A and Roquemore, A.L and Baylor, L.R and Commaux, N and Jackson, G.L and Lunsford, R and Lasnier, C.J and Makowski, M.J and Nazikian, R and Osborne, T.H and Shiraki, D and DIII-D Team and General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States) and Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States) and Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Nuclear Materials and Energy, ISSN 2352-1791, 08/2017, Volume 12, pp. 1030 - 1036
Experiments have been conducted on DIII-D investigating high repetition rate injection of non-fuel pellets as a tool for pacing Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) and... 
NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
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19. Full Text First Results of ELM Triggering With a Multichamber Lithium Granule Injector Into EAST Discharges
by Sun, Z and Lunsford, R and Maingi, R and Hu, J. S and Mansfield, D. K and Diallo, A and Tritz, K and Canik, J and Wang, Z and Andruczyk, D and Wang, Y. M and Zuo, G. Z and Huang, M and Xu, W and Meng, X. C and Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, ISSN 0093-3813, 05/2018, Volume 46, Issue 5, pp. 1076 - 1080
A critical challenge facing the basic long-pulse H-mode for ITER is to control edge-localized modes (ELMs). A new method using a multichamber lithium (Li)... 
Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) | Edge localized modes (ELM) | Perturbation methods | lithium (Li) granule injection (LGI) | Impellers | Cameras | Discharges (electric) | Plasmas | Frequency control | Saturation magnetization | PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS | STABILITY | 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
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20. Full Text Comparison of various wall conditionings on the reduction of H content and particle recycling in EAST
by Zuo, G Z and Hu, J S and Zhen, S and Li, J G and Mansfield, D K and Cao, B and Wu, J H and Zakharov, L E and EAST Team and the EAST Team
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, ISSN 0741-3335, 01/2012, Volume 54, Issue 1, p. 015014
Reductions in H content and particle recycling are important for the improvement of ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) minority heating efficiency and the... 
FUSION DEVICES | PLASMA PERFORMANCE | PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS | BORONIZATION | HT-7 | SILICONIZATION | TFTR | IMPROVEMENT | PHYSICS, NUCLEAR | EDGE | DISCHARGES | TOKAMAK
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