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1. Full Text Lignin Biosynthesis and Structure
by Ruben Vanholme and Brecht Demedts and Kris Morreel and John Ralph and Wout Boerjan and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC)
Plant Physiology, ISSN 0032-0889, 7/2010, Volume 153, Issue 3, pp. 895 - 905
Lignin | Transcription factors | Cell walls | Genes | Biosynthesis | Update on Lignin Biosynthesis and Structure | Plants | Polymers | Monomers | Alcohols | Plant cells | DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR | ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA | SECONDARY METABOLISM | O-METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY | CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE | PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM | CELL-WALL FORMATION | DOWN-REGULATION | FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE | CAD-DEFICIENT | PLANT SCIENCES | Lignin - chemistry | Lignin - biosynthesis | Biological Transport | Metabolic Networks and Pathways | Gene Expression Regulation, Plant | Evolution, Molecular | Research | Properties | Phytochemistry
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2. Full Text Metabolic engineering of novel lignin in biomass crops
by Ruben Vanholme and Kris Morreel and Chiarina Darrah and Paula Oyarce and John H. Grabber and John Ralph and Wout Boerjan and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC)
New Phytologist, ISSN 0028-646X, 12/2012, Volume 196, Issue 4, pp. 978 - 1000
Lignin, a phenolic polymer in the secondary wall, is the major cause of lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to efficient industrial processing. From an... 
Lignin | Lignification | Cell walls | Plant biochemistry | Esters | Biosynthesis | Plants | Polymers | Tansley reviews | Monomers | Alcohols | synthetic biology | lignin | pathway discovery | cell wall | phenolic metabolism | phenolic profiling | Synthetic biology | Phenolic metabolism | Phenolic profiling | Cell wall | Pathway discovery | CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES | ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA | MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS | FERULATE CROSS-LINKS | MEDICAGO-SATIVA L | CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE | SALICYLIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS | PLANT SCIENCES | SINAPYL ALCOHOL | O-METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY | CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE | Metabolic Engineering - methods | Plants - metabolism | Lignin - biosynthesis | Lignin - metabolism | Plants - genetics | Lignin - chemistry | Biomass | Phenols - metabolism | Biofuels | Crops, Agricultural - metabolism | Energy crops | Biomimetics | Metabolites | Biomass energy | Genetically modified organisms | Physiological aspects | Agricultural industry | Production processes
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3. Full Text Biotechnology and the domestication of forest trees
by Boerjan, Wout
Current Opinion in Biotechnology, ISSN 0958-1669, 2005, Volume 16, Issue 2, pp. 159 - 166
Wood is one of the major renewable materials. To compensate for the ever-increasing demand for wood and to reduce pressure on native forests, more wood of... 
BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS | LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM | BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS | PINE PINUS-TAEDA | GENE-EXPRESSION | EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS | WOOD-FORMING TISSUES | TRANSGENIC POPLAR PLANTS | LOBLOLLY-PINE | TENSION WOOD | FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS | Trees | Wood | Genes, Plant | Databases, Genetic | Biotechnology - methods | Genetic Engineering | Ecosystem | Plants, Genetically Modified | Alleles | Forestry | Environment | Conservation of Natural Resources | Models, Genetic | Genome | Quantitative Trait Loci
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4. Full Text Caffeoyl Shikimate Esterase (CSE) Is an Enzyme in the Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway in Arabidopsis
by Ruben Vanholme and Igor Cesarino and Katarzyna Rataj and Yuguo Xiao and Lisa Sundin and Geert Goeminne and Hoon Kim and Joanna Cross and Kris Morreel and Pedro Araujo and Lydia Welsh and Jurgen Haustraete and Christopher McClellan and Bartel Vanholme and John Ralph and Gordon G. Simpson and Claire Halpin and Wout Boerjan and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC)
Science, ISSN 0036-8075, 9/2013, Volume 341, Issue 6150, pp. 1103 - 1106
Lignin is a major component of plant secondary cell walls. Here we describe caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) as an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic... 
Lignin | Enzymes | Lignification | Cell walls | REPORTS | Hematocrit | Biosynthesis | Plants | Biochemical pathways | Biofuels | Research universities | TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS | ACID | THALIANA | DEPOSITION | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | SECONDARY CELL-WALL | PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM | 3'-HYDROXYLASE | GROWTH | PHENOTYPE | MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS | Arabidopsis - genetics | Shikimic Acid - chemistry | Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics | Arabidopsis - enzymology | Lignin - biosynthesis | Arabidopsis Proteins - chemistry | Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases - chemistry | Metabolic Networks and Pathways | Glucose - chemistry | Substrate Specificity | Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases - genetics | Mutation | Arabidopsis thaliana | Physiological aspects | Genetic aspects | Flowers & plants | Wood | Polymers | Chemists | Pathways | Plants (organisms) | Esterases | Glucose | Biomass | Walls
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5. Full Text Lignin engineering
by Vanholme, Ruben and Morreel, Kris and Ralph, John and Boerjan, Wout
Current Opinion in Plant Biology, ISSN 1369-5266, 2008, Volume 11, Issue 3, pp. 278 - 285
Lignins are aromatic polymers that are present mainly in secondarily thickened plant cell walls. Several decades of research have elucidated the main... 
CINNAMOYL-COA-REDUCTASE | ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA | LIGNIFICATION | FERULIC ACID | HYDROXYCINNAMOYL-COA | DOWN-REGULATION | BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY | LOBLOLLY-PINE | EXPRESSION | FOREST TREES | PLANT SCIENCES | Carbohydrate Sequence | Genetic Engineering - methods | Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics | Lignin - chemistry | Molecular Sequence Data | Biosynthetic Pathways | Cell Wall - chemistry | Lignin - metabolism | Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism | Cell Wall - metabolism | Enzymes - genetics | Mutation | Enzymes - metabolism | Lignin | Biomass chemicals
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6. Full Text Tricin, a Flavonoid Monomer in Monocot Lignification
by Wu Lan and Fachuang Lu and Matthew Regner and Yimin Zhu and Jorge Rencoret and Sally A. Ralph and Uzma I. Zakai and Kris Morreel and Wout Boerjan and John Ralph
Plant Physiology, ISSN 0032-0889, 4/2015, Volume 167, Issue 4, pp. 1284 - 1295
Tricin was recently discovered in lignin preparations from wheat ( ) straw and subsequently in all monocot samples examined. To provide proof that tricin is... 
Lignin | Flavonoids | Lignification | Radiocarbon | Corn | Dimers | BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM | Polymers | Stover | Monomers | Alcohols | OXIDE OXIDATION | ALCOHOL | BIOSYNTHESIS | ERYTHRO RATIOS | BIOMIMETIC ROUTE | NMR METHOD | SINAPYL | LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS | WHEAT-STRAW | FLAVONOLIGNANS | PLANT SCIENCES | Zea mays - chemistry | Molecular Weight | Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | Lignin - chemistry | Biosynthetic Pathways | Phenols - metabolism | Triticum - metabolism | Lignin - metabolism | Flavonoids - chemical synthesis | Cell Wall - metabolism | Flavonoids - metabolism | Phenols - chemistry | Acetylation | Triticum - chemistry | Zea mays - metabolism | Flavonoids - chemistry | Polymers - metabolism | Flavones | Bioflavonoids | Physiological aspects | Wheat | Identification and classification | Protein-protein interactions
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7. Full Text Maize Tricin-Oligolignol Metabolites and Their Implications for Monocot Lignification
by Wu Lan and Kris Morreel and Fachuang Lu and Jorge Rencoret and José Carlos del Río and Wannes Voorend and Wilfred Vermerris and Wout Boerjan and John Ralph and Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Plant Physiology, ISSN 0032-0889, 6/2016, Volume 171, Issue 2, pp. 810 - 820
Lignin is an abundant aromatic plant cell wall polymer consisting of phenylpropanoid units in which the aromatic rings display various degrees of... 
BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM | STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION | PLANTS | ARABIDOPSIS | POPLAR XYLEM | IDENTIFICATION | FLAVONOLIGNANS | OLIGOMERS | LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS | TRANSFERASE | REVEALS | PLANT SCIENCES | Zea mays - chemistry | Flavones - metabolism | Lignin - chemistry | Biosynthetic Pathways | Cell Wall - chemistry | Flavones - chemistry | Lignin - metabolism | Cell Wall - metabolism | Flavonoids - metabolism | Polymers - chemistry | Zea mays - metabolism | Flavonoids - chemistry | Polymers - metabolism | Acylation | BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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8. Full Text A Systems Biology View of Responses to Lignin Biosynthesis Perturbations in Arabidopsis
by Ruben Vanholme and Véronique Storme and Bartel Vanholme and Lisa Sundin and Jørgen Holst Christensen and Geert Goeminne and Claire Halpin and Antje Rohde and Kris Morreel and Wout Boerjan
The Plant Cell, ISSN 1040-4651, 9/2012, Volume 24, Issue 9, pp. 3506 - 3529
Lignin engineering is an attractive strategy to improve lignocellulosic biomass quality for processing to biofuels and other bio-based products. However,... 
Datasets | Lignin | Lignification | Metabolites | Cell walls | Genes | Biosynthesis | Plants | Metabolism | LARGE-SCALE BIOLOGY ARTICLES | Plant cells | TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS | GENE-EXPRESSION MEASUREMENTS | MASS-SPECTROMETRY DATA | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | DOWN-REGULATION | O-METHYLTRANSFERASE | CONTROL MAQC PROJECT | PLANT SCIENCES | CELL BIOLOGY | FALSE DISCOVERY RATE | PHENYLPROPANOID PATHWAY | CELL-WALL FORMATION | REVERSE GENETICS | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | Arabidopsis - growth & development | Transcriptome | Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid | Plant Stems - genetics | Systems Biology | Biosynthetic Pathways - genetics | Phenylpropionates - metabolism | Mass Spectrometry | Plants, Genetically Modified | Plant Stems - growth & development | Inflorescence - growth & development | Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics | Inflorescence - genetics | Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - genetics | Metabolome | Phenols - metabolism | Arabidopsis - metabolism | Arabidopsis - genetics | Phenotype | Lignin - biosynthesis | Plant Stems - metabolism | Inflorescence - metabolism | Lignin - genetics | Mutation | Cluster Analysis | Physiological aspects | Research | Arabidopsis | Systems biology | Phytochemistry | Large-Scale Biology
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9. Full Text Designer lignins: harnessing the plasticity of lignification
by Mottiar, Yaseen and Vanholme, Ruben and Boerjan, Wout and Ralph, John and Mansfield, Shawn D and Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada) and Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States) and Ghent Univ. (Belgium)
Current Opinion in Biotechnology, ISSN 0958-1669, 2015, Volume 37, pp. 190 - 200
Graphical abstract 
Internal Medicine | BRACHYPODIUM-DISTACHYON | IMPACT | CELL-WALL | BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | HYBRID POPLAR | BIOSYNTHESIS | DEPOSITION | GROWTH | BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS | FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE | NMR CHARACTERIZATION | TRANSGENIC POPLARS | Plants - metabolism | Animals | Lignin - metabolism | Carbohydrates - chemistry | Cell Wall - metabolism | Carbohydrate Metabolism | Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions | Lignin - chemistry | Lignin | Plants | Biomass energy | Bonds | BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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10. Full Text Editorial overview: Plant biotechnology - lignin engineering
by Boerjan, W and Ralph, J
CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, ISSN 0958-1669, 04/2019, Volume 56, pp. III - V
BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS
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11. Full Text Lignin Biosynthesis
by Boerjan, Wout and Ralph, John and Baucher, Marie
Annual Review of Plant Biology, ISSN 1543-5008, 2003, Volume 54, pp. 519 - 546
The lignin biosynthetic pathway has been studied for more than a century but has undergone major revisions over the past decade. Significant progress has been... 
Polymerization | Nucleation | Structure | Dehydrogenation | Topochemistry | Transgenic plants | polymerization | transgenic plants | COA REDUCTASE CCR | ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE | MEDICAGO-SATIVA L | PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE | structure | CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE | TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS | PLANT SCIENCES | nucleation | CELL-WALL | SIMULTANEOUS DOWN-REGULATION | CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE | dehydrogenation | topochemistry | 4-COUMARATE-COENZYME-A LIGASE | Lignin - chemistry | Plants - metabolism | Lignin - biosynthesis | Lignin - genetics | Plants - genetics | Gene Expression Regulation, Plant | Lignin | Genetically modified plants | Plant genetics | Biosynthesis | Research
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12. Full Text Mass Spectrometry-Based Sequencing of Lignin Oligomers
by Kris Morreel and Oana Dima and Hoon Kim and Fachuang Lu and Claudiu Niculaes and Ruben Vanholme and Rebecca Dauwe and Geert Goeminne and Dirk Inzé and Eric Messens and John Ralph and Wout Boerjan and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC)
Plant Physiology, ISSN 0032-0889, 8/2010, Volume 153, Issue 4, pp. 1464 - 1478
Although the primary structure of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates can be readily determined, no sequencing method has been described yet for the... 
Oligomers | Lignin | Ions | Mass spectroscopy | Trimers | Breakthrough Technologies | Plants | Ethers | Polymers | Sequencing | Alcohols | ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA | LIGNIFICATION | NMR | BIOSYNTHESIS | OLIGOLIGNOLS | STRUCTURAL UNITS | FRAGMENTATIONS | CELL-WALLS | POPLAR | REVEALS | PLANT SCIENCES | Sequence Analysis - methods | Lignin - chemistry | Populus - chemistry | Molecular Structure | Cell Wall - chemistry | Mass Spectrometry - methods | Xylem - chemistry | Identification and classification | Mass spectrometry | Methods
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