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1. Full Text Pharmacological validation of behavioural measures of akinesia and dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
by Lundblad, M and Andersson, M and Winkler, C and Kirik, D and Wierup, N and Cenci, M. A
European Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0953-816X, 01/2002, Volume 15, Issue 1, pp. 120 - 132
In an attempt to define clinically relevant models of akinesia and dyskinesia in 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐lesioned rats, we have examined the effects of... 
movement disorders | preclinical | circling | turning | stereotypies | Turning | Stereotypies | Preclinical | Circling | Movement disorders | CLOZAPINE | stereotypes | RECEPTOR BLOCKADE | LEVODOPA-INDUCED DYSKINESIAS | 6-HYDROXYDOPAMINE-INDUCED DEGENERATION | NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR | DOPA-INDUCED DYSKINESIAS | MEDIATED GENE-TRANSFER | NEUROSCIENCES | INTRASTRIATAL 6-HYDROXYDOPAMINE | MESSENGER-RNA | MPTP MONKEYS | Levodopa - pharmacology | Antiparkinson Agents - pharmacology | Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced - psychology | Stereotyped Behavior - drug effects | Motor Activity - drug effects | Rats | Bromocriptine - pharmacology | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Rotation | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - pharmacology | Gait - drug effects | Animals | Oxidopamine - pharmacology | Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced - drug therapy | Parkinson Disease, Secondary - psychology | Sympatholytics - pharmacology | Behavior, Animal - drug effects | Female | Parkinson Disease, Secondary - chemically induced
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2. Full Text Cannabinoid receptor agonism suppresses tremor, cognition disturbances and anxiety-like behaviors in a rat model of essential tremor
by Abbassian, Hassan and Esmaeili, Parisa and Tahamtan, Mahshid and Aghaei, Iraj and Vaziri, Zohreh and Sheibani, Vahid and Whalley, Benjamin J and Shabani, Mohammad
Physiology & Behavior, ISSN 0031-9384, 2016, Volume 164, Issue Pt A, pp. 314 - 320
Abstract Cognitive and motor disturbances are serious consequences of tremor induced by motor disorders. Despite a lack of effective clinical treatment, some... 
Psychiatry | Harmaline | Tremor | WIN55, 212-2 | Memory | CB agonism | TASK | INDUCED AMNESIA | BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES | MICE | CHANNELS | PSYCHOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL | PASSIVE-AVOIDANCE TEST | ANTAGONISTS | Essential Tremor - psychology | Anti-Anxiety Agents - pharmacology | Anxiety - physiopathology | Morpholines - pharmacology | Rats, Inbred WKY | Male | Anxiety - drug therapy | Postural Balance - drug effects | Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists - pharmacology | Cognition - drug effects | Essential Tremor - drug therapy | Naphthalenes - pharmacology | Essential Tremor - physiopathology | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - pharmacology | Animals | Benzoxazines - pharmacology | Exploratory Behavior - drug effects | Avoidance Learning - drug effects | Nootropic Agents - pharmacology | Disease Models, Animal | Cognition
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3. Full Text Valbenazine granted breakthrough drug status for treating tardive dyskinesia
by Müller, Thomas
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, ISSN 1354-3784, 06/2015, Volume 24, Issue 6, pp. 737 - 742
The chronic use and high dosing of typical neuroleptics or centrally acting dopamine receptor blocking antiemetics predispose patients to the onset of tardive... 
tetrabenazine | Tourette syndrome | dyskinesia | valbenazine | tardive dyskinesia | Tic | Valbenazine | Tardive dyskinesia | Tetrabenazine | Dyskinesia | STEREOISOMERS | PLACEBO-CONTROLLED-TRIAL | DIHYDROTETRABENAZINE | (+)-ALPHA-DIHYDROTETRABENAZINE | HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENT-DISORDERS | ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION | VESICULAR MONOAMINE TRANSPORTER | DOUBLE-BLIND | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | PARKINSONS-DISEASE | Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced - etiology | Severity of Illness Index | Tetrabenazine - administration & dosage | Tetrabenazine - analogs & derivatives | Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced - physiopathology | United States | Antipsychotic Agents - adverse effects | Humans | Valine - analogs & derivatives | Drug Approval | Valine - administration & dosage | Antipsychotic Agents - administration & dosage | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - therapeutic use | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - pharmacology | Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced - drug therapy | Tetrabenazine - pharmacology | Valine - therapeutic use | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - administration & dosage | Valine - pharmacology | United States Food and Drug Administration | Tetrabenazine - therapeutic use
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4. Full Text Diffusion, spread, and migration of botulinum toxin
by Ramirez‐Castaneda, Juan and Jankovic, Joseph and Comella, Cynthia and Dashtipour, Khashayar and Fernandez, Hubert H and Mari, Zoltan
Movement Disorders, ISSN 0885-3185, 11/2013, Volume 28, Issue 13, pp. 1775 - 1783
ABSTRACT Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking agent used for the treatment of a variety of neurologic and... 
botulinum toxin | migration | diffusion | dystonia | spread | Spread | Dystonia | Diffusion | Botulinum toxin | Migration | NERVOUS-SYSTEM | RANDOMIZED-TRIAL | NEUROTOXIN | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | SINGLE-FIBER EMG | MUSCLE PARALYSIS | B TREATMENT | DOUBLE-BLIND | ANTEROGRADE AXONAL-TRANSPORT | CERVICAL DYSTONIA | LONG-TERM EFFICACY | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - therapeutic use | Botulinum Toxins - therapeutic use | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - pharmacology | Botulinum Toxins - pharmacology | Animals | Botulinum Toxins - metabolism | Humans | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - metabolism
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5. Full Text Involvement of Cholinergic System in Hyperactivity in Dopamine-Deficient Mice
by Hagino, Yoko and Kasai, Shinya and Fujita, Masayo and Setogawa, Susumu and Yamaura, Hiroshi and Yanagihara, Dai and Hashimoto, Makoto and Kobayashi, Kazuto and Meltzer, Herbert Y and Ikeda, Kazutaka
Neuropsychopharmacology, ISSN 0893-133X, 2015, Volume 40, Issue 5, pp. 1141 - 1150
Dopaminergic systems have been known to be involved in the regulation of locomotor activity and development of psychosis. However, the observations that some... 
PSYCHIATRY | BASAL GANGLIA | SCHIZOPHRENIA | DISORDERS | REWARD | NEUROSCIENCES | PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUS | MOTOR | NEURONS | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | RECEPTORS | AMPHETAMINE | PARKINSONS-DISEASE | Central Nervous System Stimulants - pharmacology | Extracellular Space - drug effects | Acetylcholine - metabolism | Corpus Striatum - metabolism | Psychomotor Agitation - drug therapy | Choline O-Acetyltransferase - metabolism | Dopamine - deficiency | Clozapine - pharmacology | Extracellular Space - metabolism | Akathisia, Drug-Induced - metabolism | Haloperidol - pharmacology | Disease Models, Animal | Locomotion - drug effects | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Levodopa - toxicity | Piperazines - pharmacology | Psychomotor Agitation - metabolism | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - pharmacology | Animals | Akathisia, Drug-Induced - drug therapy | Corpus Striatum - drug effects | Dopamine Agents - toxicity | Thiazoles - pharmacology | Antipsychotic Agents - pharmacology | Locomotion - physiology | Original
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6. Full Text The novel 5-HT1A receptor agonist, NLX-112 reduces l-DOPA-induced abnormal involuntary movements in rat: A chronic administration study with microdialysis measurements
by McCreary, Andrew C and Varney, Mark A and Newman-Tancredi, Adrian
Neuropharmacology, ISSN 0028-3908, 06/2016, Volume 105, pp. 651 - 660
Although -DOPA alleviates the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), it elicits troublesome -DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in a majority of PD patients... 
l-DOPA-Induced dyskinesia | Parkinson's disease | Befiradol | NLX-112 | 5-HT1A receptor | 5-HT1A agonist | receptor | 5-HT | SARIZOTAN | ACTIVATION | EFFICACY | LEVODOPA-INDUCED DYSKINESIAS | NEUROSCIENCES | MODELS | NEURONS | L-DOPA-Induced dyskinesia | TARGETS | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | SEROTONIN | AGENTS | PARKINSONS-DISEASE | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - toxicity | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism | Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists - pharmacology | Male | Oxidopamine | Corpus Striatum - metabolism | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Parkinsonian Disorders - metabolism | Piperidines - pharmacology | Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced - drug therapy | Parkinsonian Disorders - drug therapy | Drug Evaluation, Preclinical | Dopamine - metabolism | Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A - metabolism | Levodopa - toxicity | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Cross-Over Studies | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - pharmacology | Animals | Microdialysis | Serotonin - metabolism | Corpus Striatum - drug effects | Glutamic Acid - metabolism | Pyridines - pharmacology | Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced - metabolism
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7. Full Text Relationship of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Its Receptor TrkB to Altered Inhibitory Prefrontal Circuitry in Schizophrenia
by Hashimoto, Takanori and Bergen, Sarah E and Nguyen, Quyen L and Xu, Baoji and Monteggia, Lisa M and Pierri, Joseph N and Sun, Zhuoxin and Sampson, Allan R and Lewis, David A
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 01/2005, Volume 25, Issue 2, pp. 372 - 383
Dysfunction of inhibitory neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), represented by decreased expression of GABA-related genes such as the 67 kDa isoform of... 
Cortex | Postmortem | GABA | TrkB hypomorphic | GAD | In situ hybridization | Parvalbumin | cortex | GLUTAMIC-ACID DECARBOXYLASE | MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION | CORTICAL PYRAMIDAL NEURONS | WORKING-MEMORY DYSFUNCTION | NEUROSCIENCES | CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS | SOMAL SIZE | postmortem | parvalbumin | DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY | RAT VISUAL-CORTEX | GENE-EXPRESSION | GABA NEURONS | trkB hypomorphic | in situ hybridization | Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - genetics | Humans | Middle Aged | Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology | Receptor, trkB - physiology | Macaca fascicularis | Male | Receptor, trkB - genetics | RNA, Messenger - metabolism | Case-Control Studies | Neural Inhibition - physiology | Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - physiology | Mice, Mutant Strains | Schizophrenia - physiopathology | Benztropine - analogs & derivatives | Adult | Female | Haloperidol - pharmacology | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - genetics | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - pharmacology | Animals | Signal Transduction - physiology | Aged | Mice | Antipsychotic Agents - pharmacology | Benztropine - pharmacology | Schizophrenia - drug therapy | Neurobiology of Disease
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8. Full Text Gabapentin reduces haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements in mice
by Ceretta, Ana Paula Chiapinotto and de Freitas, Catiuscia Molz and Schaffer, Larissa Finger and Reinheimer, Jeane Binotto and Dotto, Mariana Maikéli and de Moraes Reis, Elizete and Scussel, Rahisa and Machado-de-Ávila, Ricardo Andrez and Fachinetto, Roselei
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, ISSN 0091-3057, 03/2018, Volume 166, pp. 21 - 26
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a common adverse effect observed in patients with long-term use of typical antipsychotic medications. A vacuous chewing movement... 
Glutamic acid decarboxylase | Tyrosine hydroxylase | Dopamine | Tardive dyskinesia | Movement disorders | MOUSE-BRAIN | GLUTAMIC-ACID DECARBOXYLASE | INDUCED ORAL DYSKINESIAS | GABAERGIC DRUGS | OPEN-LABEL | DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER | NEUROSCIENCES | INDUCED OROFACIAL DYSKINESIA | ANTICONVULSANT AGENTS | BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | ANIMAL-MODEL | TARDIVE-DYSKINESIA | Mastication - drug effects | Animals | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - toxicity | GABA Modulators - pharmacology | Anti-Anxiety Agents - pharmacology | Dopamine Antagonists - toxicity | Male | Mastication - physiology | Mice | Haloperidol - toxicity | Gabapentin - pharmacology
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9. Full Text Botulinum toxin for the upper limb after stroke (BoTULS) trial: Effect on impairment, activity limitation, and pain
by Shaw, Lisa C and Price, Christopher I.M and Van Wijck, Frederike M.J and Shackley, Phil and Steen, Nick and Barnes, Michael P and Ford, Gary A and Graham, Laura A and Rodgers, Helen and BoTULS Investigators
Stroke, ISSN 0039-2499, 05/2011, Volume 42, Issue 5, pp. 1371 - 1379
Background and Purpose-Botulinum toxin is increasingly used to treat upper limb spasticity due to stroke, but its impact on arm function is unclear. We... 
botulinum toxin | upper limb | spasticity | stroke | randomized controlled trial | DOUBLE-BLIND | PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE | PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Motor Activity - physiology | Follow-Up Studies | Recovery of Function - drug effects | Humans | Middle Aged | Motor Activity - drug effects | Male | Arm - physiopathology | Stroke - physiopathology | Muscle Spasticity - drug therapy | Activities of Daily Living | Botulinum Toxins - therapeutic use | Botulinum Toxins - pharmacology | Pain - drug therapy | Aged, 80 and over | Recovery of Function - physiology | Adult | Female | Muscle Tonus - physiology | Treatment Outcome | Muscle Tonus - drug effects | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - therapeutic use | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - pharmacology | Pain - physiopathology | Aged | Muscle Spasticity - physiopathology | Muscle Strength - drug effects | Muscle Strength - physiology
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10. Full Text Activation of PPAR gamma receptors reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats
by Martinez, A.A and Morgese, M.G and Pisanu, A and Macheda, T and Paquette, M.A and Seillier, A and Cassano, T and Carta, A.R and Giuffrida, A
Neurobiology of Disease, ISSN 0969-9961, 2014, Volume 74, pp. 295 - 304
Abstract Long-term administration of l -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (levodopa), the mainstay treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), is accompanied by... 
Neurology | Rosiglitazone | Parkinson's disease | Levodopa | Cannabinoid | PPARγ | Dyskinesia | NERVOUS-SYSTEM | DOPA-INDUCED DYSKINESIA | PROTEIN-KINASE | NIGROSTRIATAL FUNCTION | ABNORMAL INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS | PPAR gamma | NEUROSCIENCES | MESSENGER-RNA | CELLULAR-PARAMETERS | MOUSE MODEL | PROMOTER REGION | PARKINSONS-DISEASE | Rats, Wistar | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - toxicity | Levodopa - pharmacokinetics | Male | Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - metabolism | Oxidopamine | PPAR gamma - metabolism | Corpus Striatum - metabolism | Parkinsonian Disorders - metabolism | Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced - drug therapy | Parkinsonian Disorders - drug therapy | Phosphorylation - drug effects | Dynorphins - metabolism | Thiazolidinediones - pharmacology | Dopamine - metabolism | Levodopa - pharmacology | Levodopa - toxicity | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - pharmacology | Animals | PPAR gamma - agonists | Corpus Striatum - drug effects | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - pharmacokinetics | Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced - metabolism | Early Growth Response Protein 1 - metabolism | Dopa | Movement disorders | Resveratrol | rosiglitazone | levodopa | cannabinoid | Parkinson’s disease
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11. Full Text Co-administration of cannabidiol and capsazepine reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in mice: Possible mechanism of action
by Santos-Pereira, Maurício dos and da-Silva, Célia Aparecida and Guimarães, Francisco Silveira and Del-Bel, Elaine
Neurobiology of Disease, ISSN 0969-9961, 2016, Volume 94, pp. 179 - 195
Abstract Pharmacological manipulation of the endocannabinoid system represents a promising therapy to alleviate L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced... 
Neurology | AIMs | NF-κB | CB1 | COX-2 | pAcH3 | LID | TRPV-1 | Neuroinflammation | ERK 1/2 | Cannabinoid | PPAR gamma | Anandamide | NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE | PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS | GAMMA PPAR-GAMMA | ABNORMAL INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS | NEUROSCIENCES | MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS | RAT MODEL | NF-kappa B | LEVODOPA-INDUCED DYSKINESIA | NF-KAPPA-B | CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONIST | PARKINSONS-DISEASE | Endocannabinoids - metabolism | Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase - metabolism | Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced - physiopathology | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - toxicity | Capsaicin - pharmacology | Male | NF-kappa B - metabolism | Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - metabolism | Oxidopamine | PPAR gamma - metabolism | TRPV Cation Channels - metabolism | Arachidonic Acids - metabolism | Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced - drug therapy | Parkinsonian Disorders - drug therapy | Parkinsonian Disorders - physiopathology | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Cannabidiol - pharmacology | Capsaicin - analogs & derivatives | Levodopa - toxicity | Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced - pathology | Polyunsaturated Alkamides - metabolism | Brain - drug effects | Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - metabolism | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - pharmacology | Animals | Parkinsonian Disorders - pathology | Cyclooxygenase 2 - metabolism | Brain - pathology | Histones - metabolism | Physiological aspects | Phenols | COX-2 inhibitors | Fatty acids | Movement disorders
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12. Full Text Increased expression of the dopamine transporter leads to loss of dopamine neurons, oxidative stress and l -DOPA reversible motor deficits
by Masoud, S.T and Vecchio, L.M and Bergeron, Y and Hossain, M.M and Nguyen, L.T and Bermejo, M.K and Kile, B and Sotnikova, T.D and Siesser, W.B and Gainetdinov, R.R and Wightman, R.M and Caron, M.G and Richardson, J.R and Miller, G.W and Ramsey, A.J and Cyr, M and Salahpour, A
Neurobiology of Disease, ISSN 0969-9961, 2014, Volume 74, pp. 66 - 75
Abstract The dopamine transporter is a key protein responsible for regulating dopamine homeostasis. Its function is to transport dopamine from the... 
Neurology | Oxidative stress | Parkinson's disease | Transgenic mice | l-DOPA | Dopamine transporter | Motor deficits | MPTP | Cytosolic dopamine | Dopamine neuron loss | L-DOPA | IMMUNOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS | TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE | BASAL GANGLIA | ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN | SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA | NEUROSCIENCES | MICE LACKING | ANIMAL-MODELS | RAT-BRAIN | PARKINSONS-DISEASE | Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism | Motor Skills - drug effects | Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins - metabolism | Dopaminergic Neurons - pathology | Oxidative Stress - physiology | Cytosol - drug effects | Dopaminergic Neurons - drug effects | Dopaminergic Neurons - physiology | Mesencephalon - drug effects | Mesencephalon - physiopathology | Dopamine - metabolism | Mesencephalon - pathology | Levodopa - pharmacology | Parkinsonian Disorders - physiopathology | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid - metabolism | Motor Skills - physiology | Movement Disorders - pathology | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Mice, Transgenic | Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics | Anti-Dyskinesia Agents - pharmacology | Animals | Movement Disorders - physiopathology | Cell Death - physiology | Cytosol - metabolism | Movement Disorders - drug therapy | Phenols | Genetic engineering | Neurons | Parkinson’s disease
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