Articles

The context of the education system in Malawi is strongly marked by demographic pressure, a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, striking poverty, and very low human... 
Education | EDUCATION

Economic aspects | Education, Higher | Families

Postsecondary education | Education (Higher)

This report assesses the status and practice of higher education quality assurance in Sub - Sahara Africa, focusing on degree - granting tertiary institutions.... 
Total quality management in higher education | Quality assurance | Education, Higher | Qualitätsmanagement | Subsahara-Afrika | Hochschule | Arbeitspapier | Südliches Afrika | Africa, Sub-Saharan | CAPACITY NEEDS | QUALITY ASSURANCE | TERTIARY EDUCATION | CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS | DEGREE-GRANTING INSTITUTIONS | EDUCATION POLICYMAKERS | HIGHER EDUCATION

This report assesses the status and practice of higher education quality assurance in Sub - Sahara Africa, focusing on degree - granting tertiary institutions.... 
Total quality management in higher education | Quality assurance | Education, Higher | Qualitätsmanagement | Subsahara-Afrika | Hochschule | Arbeitspapier | Südliches Afrika | Africa, Sub-Saharan | CAPACITY NEEDS | QUALITY ASSURANCE | TERTIARY EDUCATION | CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS | DEGREE-GRANTING INSTITUTIONS | EDUCATION POLICYMAKERS | HIGHER EDUCATION

Economic and social changes, fast evolution of technology, and the growing importance of internet services and international communications-all these require... 
Curricula | Education, Secondary | Educational tests and measurements | Allgemein bildende Schule | Subsahara-Afrika | Arbeitspapier | Südliches Afrika | VOCATIONAL EDUCATION | CURRICULUM REFORMS | HUMAN RESOURCES | PHYSICAL RESOURCES | INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES | SECONDARY EDUCATION

Sub-Saharan African countries are increasingly recognizing the contribution of post basic education to economic growth and social development. However, policy... 
Economic aspects | Labor supply | Education and state | Educational change | Education | BASIC EDUCATION SYSTEM | GROUPS | LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT | EDUCATION SYSTEM | GRADUATES | JUNIOR SECONDARY | DROPOUT RATES | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT | NET ENROLLMENT | PEDAGOGICAL METHODS | CURRICULUM REFORM | EDUCATIONAL QUALITY | CLASSROOMS | BASIC EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | ADULTS | DROPOUT RATE | GROSS ENROLLMENT | OPEN UNIVERSITIES | PARTICIPATION RATES | HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION | PASS RATE | HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION | CURRICULAR CONTENT | GER | PARTNERSHIPS | INVESTMENT | LEADERSHIP | NUTRITION | EXAM | COSTS OF EDUCATION | CURRICULA | COMPLETION RATES | GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO | INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION | LEARNING MATERIALS | LITERACY | PAPERS | DISTANCE LEARNING | HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS | EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS | NUMERACY | ENROLLMENT RATES | LEARNING | LITERACY SKILLS | FORMAL EDUCATION | NEW ENTRANTS | OCCUPATIONS | ADOLESCENTS | EDUCATION SYSTEMS | FORMAL POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION | LEVEL OF EDUCATION | COURSES | HIGH SCHOOL | EDUCATION REFORMS | HIGHER EDUCATION | NUMBER OF TEACHERS | PARTICIPATORY TEACHING | EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT | NUMBER OF STUDENTS | CLASSROOM REQUIREMENTS | ITS | OLDER AGE GROUP | FEES | JUNIOR SECONDARY LEVEL | LEVELS OF EDUCATION | LOW LEVELS OF EDUCATION | MODERN EDUCATION | INTERVENTIONS | NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS | NEGLECT OF EDUCATION | ACCREDITATION SYSTEM | LITERACY PROGRAMS | HIGH DROPOUT RATE | NATIONAL SCHOOL | ENROLLMENT DATA | EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS | EFFECTIVE TEACHING | PARTICIPATION | EDUCATIONAL LEVELS | LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION | CLASSROOM | OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN | BASIC EDUCATION SECTOR | JUNIOR SECONDARY EDUCATION | EDUCATION EXPENDITURE | GOALS | JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL | CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT | BASIC LITERACY | EDUCATION FOR ALL | BASIC EDUCATION STRATEGY | EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT | FORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEM | OPEN SCHOOL | GENERAL EDUCATION | INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION | NATIONAL EDUCATION | NET ENROLLMENT RATE | ATTITUDES | MATHEMATICS | GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE | GROSS ENROLLMENT RATES | DISTANCE EDUCATION | LEARNERS | BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM | AGE GROUPS | EDUCATION ATTAINMENT | HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS | EXAMS | JOB TRAINING | EDUCATIONAL DISPARITIES | HIGH DROPOUT | AVERAGE REPETITION RATE | LEARNING OUTCOMES | ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY | FACULTY | EDUCATION REFORM | BASIC EDUCATION BUDGET | BASIC EDUCATION CYCLE

For more than a decade, higher education and research in the French-speaking countries of Africa has been in a state of severe crisis, stemming from an... 
Economic aspects | Finance | Education, Higher | Frankofones Afrika | Hochschule | Arbeitspapier | Hochschulpolitik | EDUCATION FACILITIES | STUDENT ENROLLMENT | WAGE | PRIVATE EDUCATION SECTOR | UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS | SECONDARY COURSES | DOCTORAL STUDIES | SCHOLARSHIP | PRIVATE EDUCATION | NATIONAL SCHOLARSHIPS | PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT | SOCIAL BENEFITS | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT | STUDENT DEMAND | EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS | EMPLOYMENT | CONTINUING EDUCATION | SECONDARY SCHOOL | ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES | DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS | EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS | ECONOMIC GROWTH | PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION | VOCATIONAL QUALIFICATION | UNIVERSITY ADMISSIONS | HUMAN RESOURCES | HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION | CALCULATION | RESPONSIBILITIES | ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION | TEACHER | TUITION | AUDITS | SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA | COLLEGES | LACK OF INFORMATION | PRIVATE INVESTMENT | SCHOOLS | VOCATIONAL TRAINING | DEGREE COURSES | SANITATION | HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM | EDUCATION BUDGET | MASTERS LEVEL | LABOR MARKET DEMAND | SPORTS | ENROLLMENT CAPACITY | INCOME | STUDENT FLOW | BANKS | PAPERS | STUDENT POPULATIONS | DISTANCE LEARNING | HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS | ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS | FINANCIAL RESOURCES | EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS | HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS | SCHOOL FEES | HIGHER EDUCATION RESEARCH | STAKEHOLDERS | CONTRIBUTIONS | STUDENT ASSISTANCE | TECHNICAL EDUCATION | ACHIEVEMENT | PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS | CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE | CIVIL SERVICE | EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL | GRADUATION CERTIFICATE | NATIONAL ECONOMY | TEACHER TRAINING | EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES | STAKEHOLDER | LEVEL OF EDUCATION | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | UNIVERSITIES | TEACHERS | WITHDRAWAL | PRIMARY EDUCATION | SOCIAL SERVICES | HIGHER EDUCATION | HIGHER EDUCATION PLANNING | RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS | MIDDLE EASTERN | NUMBER OF TEACHERS | UNIVERSITY FACILITIES | INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES | NUMBER OF STUDENTS | PROFESSIONAL DEGREE | UNIVERSITY STUDENTS | GRADUATE EMPLOYMENT | TUITION FEES | RESEARCH PROGRAMS | ADMISSION CRITERIA | LEVELS OF EDUCATION | HIGH QUALITY EDUCATION | FINANCIAL IMPACTS | SALARY | HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTES | INSTITUTIONAL AUTONOMY | SECONDARY EDUCATION SECTOR | ACCOUNTING | RATE OF RETURN | STUDENT LOAN | FINANCIAL COST | STUDENT LOANS | RETRAINING | TEACHER-STUDENT RATIOS | ACADEMIC RANKING | SCHOOL YEAR | FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY | LABOR MARKET | PUBLISHERS | GRADUATE DIPLOMA | FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE | GENERAL PUBLIC | UNIVERSITY TEACHERS | HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR | SCHOLARSHIPS | TRAINING COSTS | VOCATIONAL COURSES | FINANCIAL INCENTIVES | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | WORK FORCE | BENEFICIARIES | QUALITY OF EDUCATION | STUDENT FINANCIAL AID | EDUCATION FOR ALL | VOCATIONAL TRAINING COURSES | SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH | INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION | STUDENT FLOWS | REAL COSTS | NATIONAL POLICY GUIDELINES | RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES | STUDENT POPULATION | EDUCATIONAL COSTS | EXPENDITURES | RESOURCE MANAGEMENT | SECONDARY EDUCATION | HIGHER EDUCATION DIPLOMA | INFORMATION SYSTEMS | EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM | INVESTMENT PROGRAM | STUDENTS PER YEAR | LONG-TERM PLANNING | ACADEMIC YEAR | TYPES OF EDUCATION | HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS | TEACHING | EXAMS | PROPERTY TAXES | DIVERSIFICATION | PUBLIC EXPENDITURE | RAPID DEVELOPMENT | UNIVERSAL PRIMARY COMPLETION | EDUCATION POLICIES | FOREIGN STUDENTS | RETIREMENTS | ECONOMIC REALITY | PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION | WORKING HOURS | FINANCIAL IMPACT | PROFESSIONAL TRAINING | DEGREES | BUDGETING | SAVINGS | APPROPRIATE TEACHING | EDUCATION PROGRAM | COST OF EDUCATION

Vocational education often is ignored during discussions of secondary education reform even though it accounts for between 25 percent and 79 percent of upper... 
Vocational education | Osteuropa | Arbeitspapier | Berufsbildung | Europäische Union | CURRICULUM | ACCREDITATION | MINISTRIES OF EDUCATION | PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION | EDUCATION SYSTEM | EDUCATION STUDENTS | TRAINING FOR TEACHERS | SCHOOL TEACHING | FOREIGN LANGUAGES | LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES | SOCIAL BENEFITS | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT | INSTRUCTORS | EMPLOYMENT | SECONDARY SCHOOL | VOCATIONAL SCHOOL | DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS | LITERACY SURVEY | UNEMPLOYMENT RATES | INSTRUCTION | MOBILITY | SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION | BASIC EDUCATION | ADULTS | SCHOOL-AGE | LABOR MARKET NEEDS | LEARNING STRATEGIES | GROSS ENROLLMENT | HUMAN RESOURCES | QUALIFIED TEACHERS | TEACHING STAFF | DECENTRALIZATION | HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION | VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS | ACADEMIC SUBJECTS | RESEARCH INSTITUTES | PRINTING | HIGHER EDUCATION FINANCING | ADULT LITERACY | ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION | SCHOOL SYSTEM | EXAM | TEACHER | TUITION | VOCATIONAL EDUCATION | CAREER COUNSELING | SCHOOL SYSTEMS | CURRICULA | PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES | TRAINING CENTERS | CAREERS | COLLEGES | EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE | PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONS | PRIVATE TRAINING INSTITUTIONS | HIGHER EDUCATION EXPANSION | SCHOOL QUALITY | VOCATIONAL TRAINING | INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION | WESTERN EUROPE | SPORTS | JOB MARKET | LIFE LONG LEARNING | SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVERS | LITERACY | LITERACY LEVELS | PAPERS | HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS | READING | LIFELONG LEARNING | PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION | TEACHING PERSONNEL | LITERACY SKILLS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | MINISTRY OF EDUCATION | TECHNICAL EDUCATION | CAREER | OCCUPATIONS | PUBLIC FUNDS | PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS | PROBLEM SOLVING | EDUCATION SYSTEMS | STUDENT ASSESSMENT | SCHOOL STAFF | SCHOOL CURRICULA | TEACHER TRAINING | TRAINING MATERIALS | LEVEL OF EDUCATION | UNIVERSITIES | GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION | TEACHERS | SKILLS DEVELOPMENT | PRIMARY EDUCATION | TRAINEES | HIGHER EDUCATION | VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE | EDUCATION LEVEL | SCHOOL STUDENTS | FORMULA FUNDING | NUMBER OF STUDENTS | BENEFITS OF EDUCATION | SCHOOL TEACHERS | NUMBER OF SCHOOLS | INTERNSHIPS | TUITION FEES | GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS | PUPILS | SKILL DEVELOPMENT | VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS | SCHOOL WORKSHOPS | SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS | EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS | LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION | PRIVATE TRAINING | TRAINING FACILITIES | SECONDARY STUDENTS | ELEMENTARY SCHOOL | APPRENTICESHIP MODEL | EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH | TRADE UNIONS | FURTHER EDUCATION | SCHOOL AUTONOMY | YOUTH | SCHOLARSHIPS | PROFESSIONAL LIFE | VOCATIONAL COURSES | LABOUR MARKET | LOWER SECONDARY LEVEL | PRIMARY SCHOOL | LABOR FORCE | GLOBAL LABOR MARKET | EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT | QUALITY ASSURANCE | ART SCHOOLS | CORE COMPETENCIES | GENERAL EDUCATION | SKILLS TRAINING | STUDENT PERFORMANCE | NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS | PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS | GROSS ENROLLMENT RATES | VOCATIONAL STUDENTS | CORE CURRICULUM | EXPENDITURES | SECONDARY EDUCATION | LEARNERS | UNIVERSITY GRADUATES | TECHNICAL SKILLS | EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM | EQUITABLE ACCESS | TRAINING COURSES | SCHOOL LEAVERS | TYPES OF EDUCATION | TEACHING | PUBLIC EXPENDITURE | SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN | COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES | SCHOOLING | STIPENDS | ACADEMIC STUDIES | RESEARCHERS | EDUCATION POLICIES | SKILLED WORKERS | SCHOOL EDUCATION | NUMBER OF STUDENTS PER TEACHER | WORKING HOURS | UNEMPLOYMENT RATE | COMPUTER SKILLS | EDUCATION REFORM | YOUNG PEOPLE | EDUCATION EXPANSION | EDUCATIONAL BUDGET | VISITS TO SCHOOLS | ABILITY LEVELS | HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT | IN SERVICE TEACHER TRAINING | RE-TRAINING

In the past fifteen years, most countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States have shifted from predominantly collective... 
Land reform | Agriculture and state | Azerbaijan | Former Soviet republics | Moldova | Bulgaria | Kazakhstan | SMALL FARMS | POPULATION | LAND OWNERSHIP | POOR | ALLOCATION OF LAND | RURAL REALITIES | EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE | FARM EFFICIENCY | CROPS | PRIVATIZATION | CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT | LAND DISTRIBUTION | DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME | CROP PRODUCTION | GOVERNMENT REFORM | RURAL SERVICE | DECENTRALIZATION | AGRICULTURAL PRICES | FARM WORKERS | TRUST FUNDS | AGRICULTURAL SECTOR | FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS | HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS | SUBSIDIARY | POVERTY RATES | RURAL HOUSEHOLDS | WAGE EMPLOYMENT | LABOR POWER | RURAL PEOPLE | FARM PRODUCTION | LEGISLATION | EQUIPMENT | INCOME | DISTRIBUTIVE LAND REFORM | AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT | RURAL SERVICES | AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES | PROFITABILITY | RURAL INCOMES | CREDIT PROGRAMS | MARKETING | RURAL | INFLATION | LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION | AID AGENCIES | AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT | DISTRIBUTIVE LAND | EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES | LAND REFORMS | SOCIAL SERVICES | COUNTERFACTUAL | COMMUNITY LIFE | RURAL SECTOR | DROUGHT | EXTENSION | DEBT | HOUSEHOLD HEADS | RURAL POVERTY | LAND TITLES | AGRICULTURAL YIELDS | AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION | MORAL HAZARD | CULTIVATED LAND | FAMILY FARMS | INFLATION RATES | LAND REFORM | DRINKING WATER | BUDGET CONSTRAINTS | POOR COUNTRIES | EGALITARIAN DISTRIBUTION | RURAL DEVELOPMENT | PRIVATE OWNERSHIP | RETIREMENT | PUBLIC SERVICES | FOOD PROCESSING | RURAL SERVICE PROVISION | RURAL UNEMPLOYMENT | OIL | NONFARM INCOME | CROP YIELDS | SOCIAL SECURITY | RURAL PUBLIC | LAND REDISTRIBUTION | WAGES | HOUSEHOLD BUDGET | AGRICULTURAL LAND | RURAL AREAS | WELFARE BENEFITS | FARM HOUSEHOLDS | RURAL INHABITANTS | RURAL POPULATION | SMALL-SCALE FARMING | LOCAL GOVERNMENT | RURAL EMPLOYMENT | FARMERS | ACCESS TO INFORMATION | GENDER | AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS | LIVESTOCK | PENSIONS | DISTRIBUTION OF LAND | UNEMPLOYMENT | AGRICULTURAL POLICY | RURAL FARMER | AGRARIAN REFORMS | POOR ENVIRONMENT | COLLECTIVE FARMS | COMMERCIAL FARMERS | FOOD SAFETY | RURAL INCOME | PRODUCTIVITY | RURAL RESIDENTS | INCOME GROWTH

Investment in secondary schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa has been neglected since the World Conference on Education for All at Jomtien. The World Education... 
Economic aspects | Education, Secondary | Sustainable development | Finance | Schule | Allgemein bildende Schule | Finanzierung | Subsahara-Afrika | Arbeitspapier | Südliches Afrika | Africa, Sub-Saharan | EDUCATION FACILITIES | STUDENT ENROLLMENT | WAGE | PRIVATE EDUCATION SECTOR | UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS | SECONDARY COURSES | DOCTORAL STUDIES | SCHOLARSHIP | PRIVATE EDUCATION | NATIONAL SCHOLARSHIPS | PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT | SOCIAL BENEFITS | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT | STUDENT DEMAND | EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS | EMPLOYMENT | CONTINUING EDUCATION | SECONDARY SCHOOL | ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES | DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS | EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS | ECONOMIC GROWTH | PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION | VOCATIONAL QUALIFICATION | UNIVERSITY ADMISSIONS | HUMAN RESOURCES | HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION | CALCULATION | RESPONSIBILITIES | ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION | TEACHER | TUITION | AUDITS | SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA | COLLEGES | LACK OF INFORMATION | PRIVATE INVESTMENT | SCHOOLS | VOCATIONAL TRAINING | DEGREE COURSES | SANITATION | HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM | EDUCATION BUDGET | MASTERS LEVEL | LABOR MARKET DEMAND | SPORTS | ENROLLMENT CAPACITY | INCOME | STUDENT FLOW | BANKS | PAPERS | STUDENT POPULATIONS | DISTANCE LEARNING | HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS | ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS | FINANCIAL RESOURCES | EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS | HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS | SCHOOL FEES | HIGHER EDUCATION RESEARCH | STAKEHOLDERS | CONTRIBUTIONS | STUDENT ASSISTANCE | TECHNICAL EDUCATION | ACHIEVEMENT | PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS | CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE | CIVIL SERVICE | EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL | GRADUATION CERTIFICATE | NATIONAL ECONOMY | TEACHER TRAINING | EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES | STAKEHOLDER | LEVEL OF EDUCATION | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | UNIVERSITIES | TEACHERS | WITHDRAWAL | PRIMARY EDUCATION | SOCIAL SERVICES | HIGHER EDUCATION | HIGHER EDUCATION PLANNING | RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS | MIDDLE EASTERN | NUMBER OF TEACHERS | UNIVERSITY FACILITIES | INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES | NUMBER OF STUDENTS | PROFESSIONAL DEGREE | UNIVERSITY STUDENTS | GRADUATE EMPLOYMENT | TUITION FEES | RESEARCH PROGRAMS | ADMISSION CRITERIA | LEVELS OF EDUCATION | HIGH QUALITY EDUCATION | FINANCIAL IMPACTS | SALARY | HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTES | INSTITUTIONAL AUTONOMY | SECONDARY EDUCATION SECTOR | ACCOUNTING | RATE OF RETURN | STUDENT LOAN | FINANCIAL COST | STUDENT LOANS | RETRAINING | TEACHER-STUDENT RATIOS | ACADEMIC RANKING | SCHOOL YEAR | FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY | LABOR MARKET | PUBLISHERS | GRADUATE DIPLOMA | FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE | GENERAL PUBLIC | UNIVERSITY TEACHERS | HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR | SCHOLARSHIPS | TRAINING COSTS | VOCATIONAL COURSES | FINANCIAL INCENTIVES | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | WORK FORCE | BENEFICIARIES | QUALITY OF EDUCATION | STUDENT FINANCIAL AID | EDUCATION FOR ALL | VOCATIONAL TRAINING COURSES | SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH | INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION | STUDENT FLOWS | REAL COSTS | NATIONAL POLICY GUIDELINES | RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES | STUDENT POPULATION | EDUCATIONAL COSTS | EXPENDITURES | RESOURCE MANAGEMENT | SECONDARY EDUCATION | HIGHER EDUCATION DIPLOMA | INFORMATION SYSTEMS | EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM | INVESTMENT PROGRAM | STUDENTS PER YEAR | LONG-TERM PLANNING | ACADEMIC YEAR | TYPES OF EDUCATION | HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS | TEACHING | EXAMS | PROPERTY TAXES | DIVERSIFICATION | PUBLIC EXPENDITURE | RAPID DEVELOPMENT | UNIVERSAL PRIMARY COMPLETION | EDUCATION POLICIES | FOREIGN STUDENTS | RETIREMENTS | ECONOMIC REALITY | PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION | WORKING HOURS | FINANCIAL IMPACT | PROFESSIONAL TRAINING | DEGREES | BUDGETING | SAVINGS | APPROPRIATE TEACHING | EDUCATION PROGRAM | COST OF EDUCATION

This study is based on research on secondary textbook and school library provision in Botswana, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda,... 
High school libraries | Textbooks | Schule | Allgemein bildende Schule | Lehrmaterial | Schulbibliothek | Finanzierung | Schulbuch | Bibliothek | Sekundarbereich | Subsahara-Afrika | Arbeitspapier | Afrika | Africa, Sub-Saharan | CURRICULUM | LABOR MARKETS | SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS | MINISTRIES OF EDUCATION | UPE | NATIONAL CURRICULUM | COLLEGE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION | JUNIOR SECONDARY | SCHOOL POPULATION | BOOK TRADE | SECONDARY CURRICULUM | TEXTBOOKS | SECONDARY SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT | EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS | EMPLOYMENT | FREE PRIMARY EDUCATION | SECONDARY SCHOOL | BOOK TRUST | LEARNING OUTPUTS | READING BOOKS | ECONOMIC GROWTH | BOOK DEVELOPMENT | CLASSROOMS | NATIONAL CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | BASIC EDUCATION | TEXTBOOK PROVISION SYSTEM | DISTRICT EDUCATION | HEALTH EDUCATION | COMMUNITY SCHOOLS | GROSS ENROLLMENT | STATE SCHOOLS | FRENCH PUBLISHERS | EDUCATIONAL PLANNING | LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT | PRINTING | EARLY CHILDHOOD | GER | SCHOOL SYSTEM | SCHOOL LIBRARIES | BINDING | TEACHER | PAMPHLETS | INFORMATION ACCESS | SCHOOL SYSTEMS | ACCESS TO TEXTBOOKS | CURRICULA | TEXTBOOK MARKETS | RELIGIOUS EDUCATION | SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA | TEXTBOOK APPROVAL | COST OF BOOKS | MATH TEXTBOOKS | TEXTBOOK PROVISION | SCHOOLS | GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO | TEXTBOOK | LEARNING MATERIALS | TEXTBOOK LIST | EDUCATION SECTOR | EDUCATIONAL METHODS | SPORTS | BASIC SCHOOLS | ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING | NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS | READING SKILLS | WORKBOOKS | EDUCATION REHABILITATION | LITERACY | PAPERS | NATIONAL CURRICULA | READING | LIFELONG LEARNING | REFERENCE BOOKS | SCHOOL FEES | EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS | NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICE | POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION | CORE TEXTBOOK | NUMBER OF TEXTBOOKS | LOCAL PUBLISHING | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | EDUCATION SERVICES | UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION | URBAN SCHOOLS | MINISTRY OF EDUCATION | SCHOOL EQUIPMENT | EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT | PUBLISHING INDUSTRY | BASIC EDUCATION POLICY | ADOLESCENTS | EDUCATION SYSTEMS | SENIOR SECONDARY LEVEL | HIGH SCHOOL | INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS | SECONDARY EDUCATION SYSTEMS | PRIMARY EDUCATION | RURAL SCHOOLS | SECONDARY ENROLLMENT | HIGHER EDUCATION | SCHOOL LIBRARY | SUBJECTS | SCHOOL STUDENTS | SCIENCE TEXTBOOK | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS | GRADE LEVELS | PRIMARY EDUCATION REFORM | DONOR SUPPORT | INTERVENTIONS | NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS | SENIOR SECONDARY | TEXTBOOK RENTAL | HEAD TEACHERS | NATIONAL SCHOOL | TEXTBOOK PROCUREMENT | BASIC TEXTBOOKS | CORE TEXTBOOKS | SECONDARY TEXTBOOKS | TEXTBOOK DEVELOPMENT | TEACHER DEVELOPMENT | NATIONAL PUBLISHERS | SOCIAL STUDIES | SCHOOL YEAR | SCHOOL BOOK | FREE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION | PUBLISHERS | JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL | SCHOOL SUPPLIES | CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT | CURRICULUM RESEARCH | NATIONAL LIBRARY | REFERENCE BOOK | TEXTBOOK SUPPLY | YOUTH | SCHOOL LIBRARIAN | LITERATURE | COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT | TEXTBOOK COSTS | TEXTBOOK MARKET | FREE EDUCATION | EDUCATION FOR ALL | READERS | UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION | ESSENTIAL SKILLS | SCHOOL BOOK PUBLISHING | BUSINESS STUDIES | STUDENT PERFORMANCE | RURAL AREAS | ELITE SECONDARY SCHOOLS | TEXTBOOK DISTRIBUTION | SYLLABUSES | TEXTBOOK PRICES | DISTANCE EDUCATION | SECONDARY EDUCATION | SOCIAL SCIENCE | AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE | TEXTBOOK PUBLISHING | JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS | PRIVATE SCHOOLS | TEXTBOOK RENTAL SCHEME | LOCAL BOOKSELLERS | NATIONAL LIBRARY SYSTEMS | BOOK PUBLISHERS | SCHOOLING | HOME ECONOMICS | TEXTBOOK AVAILABILITY | LOCAL PUBLISHERS | STUDENT LEARNING | REFERENCE MATERIALS | SECONDARY SCHOOL SYSTEMS | OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENTS | PROVISION OF TEACHERS | EDUCATION REFORM | LOCAL PUBLISHING INDUSTRIES | SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

Introduction - International trends influencing secondary education in Sub-Saharan Africa - Issues of governance in secondary education in Sub-Saharan Africa -... 
Administration | Educational accountability | Education, Secondary | High schools | School improvement programs | Allgemein bildende Schule | Bildungsreform | Südliches Afrika | Regelung | Steuerung | Bildungsmanagement | Subsahara-Afrika | Arbeitspapier | Bildungssystem | CHECKS | CURRICULUM | LABOR MARKETS | MINISTRIES OF EDUCATION | EDUCATION MANAGEMENT | SCHOOL MANAGEMENT TEAM | VOUCHERS | LIFE SKILLS | JUNIOR SECONDARY | PROVINCIAL EDUCATION | MIDDLE EAST | PRIVATE SCHOOL | DEMONSTRATION | VOCATIONAL SCHOOL | ECONOMIC GROWTH | LOCAL EDUCATION | SCHOOL COUNCILS | TEACHER UNIONS | EDUCATION OFFICES | BASIC EDUCATION | LEARNING STRATEGIES | PUBLIC GOOD | SCHOOL REFORM | GROSS ENROLLMENT | EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT | CONTRIBUTION | RESPONSIBILITIES | SCHOOL SYSTEM | DECENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT | EDUCATION MANAGERS | PUBLIC SCHOOLS | VOCATIONAL EDUCATION | SCHOOL LEVEL | INVESTING | SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA | TECHNICAL TRAINING | SIGNIFICANT IMPACT | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS | TEACHER RATIOS | PUBLIC SCHOOL | EDUCATION INDICATORS | SCHOOL LEAVING | PAPERS | SCHOOL PROGRAMS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | STAKEHOLDERS | PUBLIC GOODS | TECHNICAL EDUCATION | EDUCATION SYSTEMS | STUDENT ASSESSMENT | HIGH SCHOOL | PROVISION OF INFORMATION | TEACHERS | EDUCATION REFORMS | PRIMARY EDUCATION | HIGHER EDUCATION | LOW LEVELS OF EDUCATION | EDUCATIONAL REFORM | COMPULSORY EDUCATION | SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT | FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT | SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT | PUBLIC PRIMARY | SCHOOL MANAGEMENT | LABOR MARKET | JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL | EDUCATED STUDENTS | EDUCATORS | SCHOOL BOARDS | SCHOOL HEAD | SUPPORT PROGRAM | COGNITIVE SKILLS | DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM | PRIMARY SCHOOL | SCHOOL GOVERNANCE | BENEFICIARIES | QUALITY OF EDUCATION | EDUCATION FOR ALL | SCHOOL LEVELS | UNIVERSAL EDUCATION | EDUCATION GOVERNANCE | EDUCATION LEVELS | PRIVATE TUTORING | TRAINING PROGRAMMES | NATIONAL EDUCATION | OPEN LEARNING | SECONDARY EDUCATION | EDUCATION STANDARDS | LEARNERS | TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES | PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION | CURRENCY | SHOW HOW | LEARNING OUTCOMES | SCHOOL EDUCATION | STUDENT LEARNING | EDUCATION REFORM | YOUNG PEOPLE | COUNTRY CASE STUDIES | SCHOOL HEADS | TERTIARY EDUCATION | EDUCATION SYSTEM | NATIONAL CURRICULUM | SCHOOL LEARNING | SCHOOL LEADERS | TRAINING PROGRAM | PRIMARY SCHOOL LEAVERS | SECONDARY SCHOOL | DIPLOMAS | EDUCATIONAL QUALITY | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | EDUCATION OUTCOMES | PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS | ADULTS | LEVELS OF EDUCATION SYSTEMS | DISTRICT EDUCATION | MATH | EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES | DECENTRALIZATION | FREE SECONDARY EDUCATION | PRINTING | SECONDARY LEVEL | QUALITY OF EDUCATION SERVICES | GIRLS | SCHOOL OWNERS | EDUCATION QUALITY | TEACHER | EDUCATIONAL EQUITY | CURRICULA | CURRICULUM DESIGN | GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO | VOCATIONAL TRAINING | EDUCATION SECTOR | QUALITY EDUCATION | SPORTS | LITERACY | SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PLAN | READING | BEST PRACTICES | LOCAL SCHOOL MANAGEMENT | EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS | EDUCATION SERVICES | SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATION | ACADEMIC SKILLS | LIFELONG EDUCATION | SCHOOL DATA | SCHOOL CHILDREN | MARKET ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS | EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES | TEACHER TRAINING | UNIVERSITIES | GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION | ELIMINATION OF GENDER DISPARITIES | LOCAL MANAGEMENT | EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT | NUMBER OF STUDENTS | DEMAND FOR EDUCATION | LEVELS OF EDUCATION | PUPILS | EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION | ACCOUNTING | COMPULSORY SECONDARY EDUCATION | LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION | BASIC NEEDS | BEST PRACTICE | ECONOMIC REFORMS | NORTH AFRICA | SENIOR | EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY | LOCAL LEVEL | SECONDARY STUDENTS | PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS | PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM | SCHOOL AUTONOMY | BASIC LITERACY | COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT | LABOR FORCE | MATH SKILLS | EDUCATION MINISTRIES | UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION | EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT | STUDENT PERFORMANCE | INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK | MIDDLE SCHOOL | MATHEMATICS | FINANCES | SCHOOL PRINCIPALS | PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP | EDUCATION PROVIDERS | INVESTMENT PROGRAM | QUALITY OF LIFE | FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS | PRIVATE SCHOOLS | TEACHING | SCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE | PUBLIC EXPENDITURE | SCHOOLING | EDUCATION POLICY | EDUCATION POLICIES | SCIENCE STUDY | NATIONAL ASSESSMENTS | KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY | SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT PLAN | SOUTH AMERICA

This working paper discusses equity and efficiency issues in secondary education transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Its main purpose is to identify and analyze... 
High school attendance | Economic aspects | Educational equalization | Educational assistance | Bildungschance | Allgemein bildende Schule | Subsahara-Afrika | Arbeitspapier | Südliches Afrika | COUNTRY CASE STUDIES | BASIC SCHOOLING | TERTIARY EDUCATION | EDUCATION SYSTEM | PRIMARY SCHOOLING | JUNIOR SECONDARY | PRIMARY ENROLLMENT | WOMEN EDUCATIONALISTS | DROPOUT RATES | TEXTBOOKS | SCHOOL LEADERS | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT | FORMAL SCHOOL SYSTEM | SECONDARY SCHOOL | SUPPLY OF TEACHERS | ECONOMIC GROWTH | ENROLLMENT INDICATORS | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS | LEARNING STRATEGIES | COMMUNITY PROGRAMS | GROSS ENROLLMENT | QUALIFIED TEACHERS | PARTICIPATION RATES | EDUCATIONAL ASPIRATIONS | PASS RATE | PRINTING | ENROLLMENT FIGURES | SCHOOL SYSTEM | LEADERSHIP | PRIMARY LEVEL | URBAN AREAS | GIRLS | REGIONAL TRAINING | SCHOOL ATTENDANCE | TEACHER | VOCATIONAL EDUCATION | EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS | TRAINING CENTERS | SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA | SCHOOLS | GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO | VOCATIONAL TRAINING | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | EDUCATION SECTOR | TUTORIAL PROGRAMS | FEMALE PARTICIPATION | AGE GROUP | SCHOOL PARTICIPATION | EDUCATION INDICATORS | PAPERS | PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO | FINANCIAL RESOURCES | LOW ENROLLMENT RATES | LOW ENROLLMENT | SAHARA | SCHOOL FEES | EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS | LEARNING | GENDER IMBALANCE | POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION | COMPULSORY SCHOOLING | EDUCATION SERVICES | PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | PARENT SUPPORT | OCCUPATIONS | PUBLIC FUNDS | ADOLESCENTS | PARENT TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS | UNIVERSITIES | HIGH SCHOOL | EDUCATION REFORMS | EDUCATIONAL REFORMS | SCHOOL BUILDINGS | SECONDARY ENROLLMENT | UNIVERSAL PARTICIPATION | HIGHER EDUCATION | NUMBER OF SCHOOLS | UNEMPLOYED YOUTH | SECONDARY SCHOOL SYSTEM | BOARDING | REPETITION | COMPULSORY EDUCATION | HIGH DROPOUT RATE | SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT | ENROLLMENT RATE | SCHOOL-LEAVERS | APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING | EDUCATIONAL LEVELS | LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION | POOR COUNTRIES | CLASSROOM | ECONOMIC REFORMS | CLASSROOM LEVEL | SCHOOL MANAGEMENT | LOCAL LEVEL | PRIMARY EDUCATION ENROLLMENT | DONOR AGENCIES | LABOR MARKET | GIRL CHILD | EDUCATION PROGRAMS | FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS | YOUTH | SCHOLARSHIPS | ILLITERACY | DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM | LOWER SECONDARY LEVEL | PRIMARY SCHOOL | NATIONAL POLICIES | SCHOOL FACILITIES | QUALITY OF EDUCATION | UNIVERSAL ACCESS | EDUCATION FOR ALL | EDUCATIONAL EQUALIZATION | SCHOOL LEVELS | UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION | EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT | MODULAR TRAINING | SCHOOL BUILDING | RURAL AREAS | APTITUDES | ENROLLMENT | RE-ENTRY | GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE | STUDENT POPULATION | GROSS ENROLLMENT RATES | BIOLOGICAL PARENTS | SECONDARY EDUCATION | COURSE DELIVERY | EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE | OVERALL ENROLLMENT | AGE GROUPS | PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION | SCHOOL LEAVERS | STUDENT SUPPORT | TEACHING | EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | PUBLIC EXPENDITURE | HIGH DROPOUT | ILLITERACY RATE | SCHOOLING | PARTICIPATION OF GIRLS | FEMALE STUDENTS | HIGH ENROLLMENT | QUALITY SCHOOLING | CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT | LET | CONTEXTUAL FACTORS | SCHOOL PLACES

The study reviews the experience in the EU8 countries of the emergence of private higher education institutions and introduction of fees for student who do not... 
Economic aspects | Education, Higher | Universities and colleges | Finance | INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY | DEGREE PROGRAMS | MINISTRIES OF EDUCATION | PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION | SALARIES | TERTIARY ENROLLMENT | UNIVERSITY COUNCIL | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT | MINIMUM WAGE | MARKET ECONOMY | NET ENROLLMENT | UNEMPLOYMENT RATES | BLOCK GRANTS | INTEREST RATES | EARNINGS | OLDER AGE GROUPS | PUBLIC GOOD | GROSS ENROLLMENT | LIFETIME | TERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS | CALCULATION | UNIVERSITY LEADERS | PRICE INCENTIVES | TUITION | POSTGRADUATE STUDIES | LIVING EXPENSES | RATE OF GROWTH | AMOUNT OF MONEY | FINANCIAL AID TO STUDENTS | SCHOOLS | INCOME CONTINGENT LOANS | HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM | INTRODUCTION OF FEES | TEACHER RATIOS | LABOR MARKET DEMAND | FINANCIAL NEED | HIGHER EDUCATION FUNDING | BANKS | SCHOOL LEAVING | PAPERS | RESOURCES PER STUDENT | TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS | HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS | ENROLLMENT RATES | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | STAKEHOLDERS | TOTAL COST | PUBLIC GOODS | QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION | QUALITY OF TEACHING | PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS | PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS | STAKEHOLDER | KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES | TEACHERS | PURCHASING POWER | GOVERNMENT GRANTS | HIGHER EDUCATION | CASH FLOW | UNIVERSITY LEADER | SCIENTISTS | FREE HIGHER EDUCATION | GLOBAL EDUCATION | UNIVERSITY STUDENTS | DEBT | TUITION FEES | INCOME TAX | SALARY | PRIVATE FUNDS | ENROLLMENT RATE | RATE OF RETURN | STUDENT LOAN | EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS | PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES | PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES | STUDENT LOANS | STUDENT LOAN SCHEME | QUALITY STANDARDS | INCOME-CONTINGENT | LABOR MARKET | PUBLISHERS | WORKING AGE | SCHOLARSHIPS | QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMS | FINANCIAL INCENTIVES | PRIMARY SCHOOL | EDUCATIONAL BUDGETS | HIGHER INCOMES | BENEFICIARIES | WAGES | MASS HIGHER EDUCATION | QUALITY ASSURANCE | TERTIARY EDUCATION FINANCING | BORROWER | SOCIAL INSURANCE | PRIVATE FINANCING | POOR PEOPLE | GROSS ENROLLMENT RATES | EXPENDITURES | UNIVERSITY GRADUATES | INCOME-CONTINGENT LOANS | SOCIAL SERVICE | STUDENT SUPPORT | HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS | TERTIARY INSTITUTION | LIVING COSTS | MORTGAGE | RESEARCHERS | SKILLED WORKERS | GRADUATE TAX | STUDENTS PER TEACHER | HIGHER EDUCATION FINANCE | REGIONAL WORKSHOP | WAGE | TERTIARY EDUCATION | RATES OF RETURN | ACADEMIC SUCCESS | PRIVATE SAVINGS | FOREIGN LANGUAGES | SOCIAL BENEFITS | SECONDARY SCHOOL | DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS | LOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATION | PROFESSORS | UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS | PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION | TAXABLE INCOME | STUDENT CHOICE | STUDENT LOAN REPAYMENTS | RESEARCH GRANTS | HIGHER EDUCATION FINANCING | TOTAL COSTS | LIFETIME EARNINGS | ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION | NATIONAL ACCREDITATION | STUDENT STIPENDS | TEACHER | PRIVATE TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS | SCIENCE DEPARTMENTS | COLLEGES | STUDENT LOAN SCHEMES | EDUCATION BUDGET | CURRENT INCOME | COMMERCIAL BANK | INCOME | SOCIAL SCIENCES | GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE | PERFORMANCE OF TERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS | HIGHER TUITION | LIFELONG LEARNING | ACCESS TO TERTIARY EDUCATION | FACULTIES | EDUCATION SERVICES | SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATION | MINISTRY OF EDUCATION | PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS | CAREER | OCCUPATIONS | INFLATION | MAINTENANCE COSTS | TERTIARY LEVEL | UNIVERSITIES | COMMERCIAL BANKS | LOW-INCOME | FORMULA FUNDING | NUMBER OF STUDENTS | ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE | INCOME TAXES | LEVELS OF EDUCATION | SKILL DEVELOPMENT | UNIVERSITY EDUCATION | ACCOUNTING | SENIOR | LITERATURE | LABOR FORCE | FACULTY MEMBERS | INTEREST RATE | ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION | TERTIARY GRADUATES | ACADEMIC STAFF | UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE | BUSINESS STUDIES | FINANCIAL SUPPORT | NET ENROLLMENT RATE | HUMAN CAPITAL | LUMP SUM | MATHEMATICS | FINANCES | GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE | REPAYMENT | EQUITY OF ACCESS | EQUITABLE ACCESS | UNEMPLOYMENT | STATE UNIVERSITY | TEACHING | UNDERGRADUATES | DOCTORAL STUDENTS | TUITION SUBSIDIES | BORROWING | PUBLIC EXPENDITURE | CREDIT TRANSFER | POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS | ECONOMIC REALITY | PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION | CAPITAL MARKETS | DEGREES | KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY | COURSE CONTENT | BUDGETING | TYPES OF LOANS | PHYSICS | LUMP SUMS