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1. Full Text Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on lean body mass during 10 days of bed rest in older adults
by Deutz, Nicolaas E.P and Pereira, Suzette L and Hays, Nicholas P and Oliver, Jeffery S and Edens, Neile K and Evans, Chris M and Wolfe, Robert R
Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0261-5614, 2013, Volume 32, Issue 5, pp. 704 - 712
Summary Background Loss of muscle mass due to prolonged bed rest decreases functional capacity and increases hospital morbidity and mortality in older adults.... 
Gastroenterology and Hepatology | Muscle | Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate | HMB | Protein synthesis | Body composition | PROLONGED INACTIVITY | DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION | STRENGTH | SKELETAL-MUSCLE | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | AMINO-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION | MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS | ENERGY DEFICIT | ATTENUATION | DOUBLE-BLIND | ARGININE | Body Composition | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena | Muscle Proteins - biosynthesis | Resistance Training | Muscle Development | Valerates - therapeutic use | Sarcopenia - etiology | Muscle Proteins - metabolism | Valerates - adverse effects | Aging | Female | Whole Body Imaging | Dietary Supplements - adverse effects | Muscle Strength | Sarcopenia - metabolism | Double-Blind Method | Muscle, Skeletal - growth & development | Absorptiometry, Photon | Bed Rest - adverse effects | Sarcopenia - prevention & control | Muscle, Skeletal - diagnostic imaging | Aged | Sarcopenia - rehabilitation
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2. Full Text Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial
by Schweickert, William D, MD and Pohlman, Mark C, MD and Pohlman, Anne S, MSN and Nigos, Celerina, RN and Pawlik, Amy J, PT and Esbrook, Cheryl L, OTR/L and Spears, Linda, PT and Miller, Megan, OTR/L and Franczyk, Mietka, PT and Deprizio, Deanna, OTR/L and Schmidt, Gregory A, Prof and Bowman, Amy, BSN and Barr, Rhonda, PT and McCallister, Kathryn E, BS and Hall, Jesse B, Prof and Kress, John P, Dr
Lancet, The, ISSN 0140-6736, 2009, Volume 373, Issue 9678, pp. 1874 - 1882
Summary Background Long-term complications of critical illness include intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness and neuropsychiatric disease. Immobilisation... 
Internal Medicine | AGITATION-SEDATION SCALE | MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | CONFUSION ASSESSMENT METHOD | CRITICAL ILLNESS | INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT | OLDER-ADULTS | GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME | DAILY INTERRUPTION | ACUTE LUNG INJURY | ACQUIRED WEAKNESS | RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME | Conscious Sedation - methods | Critical Care - methods | Single-Blind Method | Delirium - etiology | Respiration, Artificial - methods | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Activities of Daily Living | Critical Illness - rehabilitation | Mobility Limitation | Delirium - prevention & control | Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects | Time Factors | Statistics, Nonparametric | Adult | Female | Exercise Therapy - methods | Occupational Therapy - methods | Chicago | Kaplan-Meier Estimate | Proportional Hazards Models | Conscious Sedation - adverse effects | Logistic Models | Treatment Outcome | Bed Rest - adverse effects | Early Ambulation - methods | Iowa | Aged | Sedatives | Care and treatment | Critically ill | Patient outcomes | Occupational therapy | Dosage and administration | Research | Hypnotics | Health aspects | Artificial respiration | Usage | Therapeutics, Physiological | Physical therapy | Intervention | Intensive care | Hospitals | Illnesses | Subacute care | Critical care | Ventilation | Blood pressure | Patients
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3. Full Text Leucine partially protects muscle mass and function during bed rest in middle-aged adults
by English, Kirk L and Mettler, Joni A and Ellison, Jennifer B and Mamerow, Madonna M and Arentson-Lantz, Emily and Pattarini, James M and Ploutz-Snyder, Robert and Sheffield-Moore, Melinda and Paddon-Jones, Douglas
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, 02/2016, Volume 103, Issue 2, pp. 465 - 473
Background: Physical inactivity triggers a rapid loss of muscle mass and function in older adults. Middle-aged adults show few phenotypic signs of aging yet... 
Atrophy | Physical inactivity | Dietary supplementation | Nutrition | Skeletal muscle protein synthesis | DISUSE ATROPHY | PROLONGED INACTIVITY | POSTABSORPTIVE RATS | HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE | IMMOBILIZATION | SUPPLEMENTATION | nutrition | AMINO-ACID | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | DIETARY-PROTEIN | RESISTANCE EXERCISE | skeletal muscle protein synthesis | dietary supplementation | atrophy | HEALTHY OLDER-ADULTS | physical inactivity | Body Composition | Humans | Middle Aged | Carbon Isotopes | Leucine - therapeutic use | Male | Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism | Leucine - adverse effects | Muscle, Skeletal - cytology | Exercise Test | Muscle Development | Muscle Proteins - metabolism | Female | Whole Body Imaging | Muscular Atrophy - prevention & control | Dietary Supplements - adverse effects | Muscular Atrophy - etiology | Double-Blind Method | Muscular Atrophy - metabolism | Signal Transduction | Muscular Atrophy - pathology | Oxygen Consumption | Absorptiometry, Photon | Bed Rest - adverse effects | Biopsy, Needle | Muscle, Skeletal - pathology | Physiological aspects | Muscles | Adults | Leucine | Analysis
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4. Full Text Risk Factors for Bullous Pemphigoid in the Elderly: A Prospective Case–Control Study
by Bastuji-Garin, Sylvie and Joly, Pascal and Lemordant, Pauline and Sparsa, Agnès and Bedane, Christophe and Delaporte, Emmanuel and Roujeau, Jean-Claude and Bernard, Philippe and Guillaume, Jean-Claude and Ingen-Housz-Oro, Saskia and Maillard, Hervé and Pauwels, Catherine and Picard-Dahan, Catherine and Dutronc, Yes and Richard, Marie-Aleth and on behalf of the French Study Group for Bullous Diseases and French Study Grp Bullous Dis and French Study Group for Bullous Diseases and on behalf of the French Study Group for Bullous Diseases
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, ISSN 0022-202X, 03/2011, Volume 131, Issue 3, pp. 637 - 643
A rise in the incidence of bullous pemphigoid (BP) was documented recently in Europe, and the main risk factors for BP remain unknown. We conducted a... 
CLINICAL-CRITERIA | POPULATION | MINI-MENTAL-STATE | HEMIPLEGIC PATIENT | TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS | MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS | NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES | IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS | ANTIGEN 1 | ASSOCIATION | DERMATOLOGY | Multivariate Analysis | Parkinson Disease - complications | France - epidemiology | Prospective Studies | Antipsychotic Agents - adverse effects | Humans | Risk Factors | Bipolar Disorder - complications | Male | Nervous System Diseases - complications | Case-Control Studies | Bed Rest - adverse effects | Cognition Disorders - complications | Phenothiazines - adverse effects | Aged, 80 and over | Female | Aged | Pemphigoid, Bullous - epidemiology | Spironolactone - adverse effects
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5. Full Text One Week of Bed Rest Leads to Substantial Muscle Atrophy and Induces Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in the Absence of Skeletal Muscle Lipid Accumulation
by Dirks, Marlou L and Wall, Benjamin T and van de Valk, Bas and Holloway, Tanya M and Holloway, Graham P and Chabowski, Aian and Goossens, Gijs H and van Loon, Lucas
Diabetes, ISSN 0012-1797, 10/2016, Volume 65, Issue 10, pp. 2862 - 2875
Short (< 10 days) periods of muscle disuse, often necessary for recovery from illness or injury, lead to various negative health consequences. The current... 
DISUSE ATROPHY | SUPPLEMENTATION | YOUNG | GLUCOSE | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | HUMANS | MITOCHONDRIAL H2O2 EMISSION | OLDER MEN | PHYSICAL INACTIVITY | CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS | IMMOBILIZATION | Muscular Atrophy - metabolism | Humans | Muscular Atrophy - pathology | Male | Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism | Muscle, Skeletal - physiology | Absorptiometry, Photon | Quadriceps Muscle - physiopathology | Bed Rest - adverse effects | Young Adult | Muscular Atrophy - physiopathology | Insulin Resistance - physiology | Diet, High-Fat | Adult | Glucose Clamp Technique | Muscle, Skeletal - pathology | Quadriceps Muscle - metabolism | Quadriceps Muscle - pathology | Insulin resistance | Bed rest | Health aspects | Atrophy, Muscular | Risk factors
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6. Full Text Physical inactivity as the culprit of metabolic inflexibility: evidence from bed-rest studies
by Audrey Bergouignan and Floriane Rudwill and Chantal Simon and Stéphane Blanc
Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 8750-7587, 10/2011, Volume 111, Issue 4, pp. 1201 - 1210
Although it is no longer debatable that sedentary behaviors are an actual cause of many metabolic diseases, the physiology of physical inactivity has been... 
Fat oxidation | Insulin resistance | Sedentary behaviors | Ectopic fat storage | Lipolysis | RAT SOLEUS MUSCLE | SPORT SCIENCES | PHYSIOLOGY | sedentary behaviors | fat oxidation | GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE | EPIDIDYMAL FAT | DIETARY FATTY-ACIDS | INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE | FIBER FUNCTION | SKELETAL-MUSCLE | SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY | ectopic fat storage | WHOLE-BODY | lipolysis | insulin resistance | ADIPOSE-TISSUE | Metabolic Diseases - pathology | Animals | Metabolic Diseases - metabolism | Metabolic Diseases - etiology | Humans | Exercise - physiology | Chronic Disease | Bed Rest - adverse effects
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7. Full Text Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in older acute medical patients: randomised placebo controlled trial
by Cohen, Alexander T and Davidson, Bruce L and Gallus, Alexander S and Lassen, Michael R and Prins, Martin H and Tomkowski, Witold and Turpie, Alexander G G and Egberts, Jan F M and Lensing, Anthonie W A and ARTEMIS Investigators
BMJ, ISSN 0959-8138, 02/2006, Volume 332, Issue 7537, pp. 325 - 327
Abstract Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of the anticoagulant fondaparinux in older acute medical inpatients at moderate to high risk of venous... 
Medical research | Lung diseases | Medical specialists | Placebos | Hospital admissions | Venous thrombosis | Research | Pulmonary embolisms | Bleeding | Phlebography | Diseases | ENOXAPARIN | SURGERY | MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | METAANALYSIS | FATAL PULMONARY-EMBOLISM | DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS | THROMBOPROPHYLAXIS | HEPARIN | Polysaccharides - therapeutic use | Acute Disease | Double-Blind Method | Follow-Up Studies | Humans | Middle Aged | Polysaccharides - adverse effects | Anticoagulants - therapeutic use | Male | Treatment Outcome | Hospitalization | Anticoagulants - adverse effects | Bed Rest - adverse effects | Disease-Free Survival | Thromboembolism - prevention & control | Female | Venous Thrombosis - prevention & control | Aged | Hemorrhage - chemically induced | Chronic Disease
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8. Full Text Consequences of bed rest
by Brower, Roy G
Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 0090-3493, 10/2009, Volume 37, Issue 10 Suppl, ICU-Acquired Weakness: Proceedings of a Round Table Conference in Brussels, Belgium, March 2009, pp. S422 - S428
Bed rest is frequently prescribed for critically ill patients because it is assumed to be beneficial for preventing complications, for conserving scarce... 
Critical illness | Physical medicine | Respiratory failure | Thromboembolic disease | Weakness | Mobility | Insulin resistance | Bed rest | Disuse atrophy | Musculoskeletal Diseases - rehabilitation | Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - rehabilitation | Humans | Muscle Weakness - rehabilitation | Insulin Resistance | Thromboembolism - etiology | Myocardial Infarction - rehabilitation | Muscular Disorders, Atrophic - rehabilitation | Recovery of Function | Bed Rest - adverse effects | Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | Bed Rest - methods | Critical Illness - rehabilitation | Low Back Pain - rehabilitation | Thromboembolism - prevention & control | Arthritis, Rheumatoid - rehabilitation | Physical Therapy Modalities | Contracture - prevention & control | Muscular Atrophy - prevention & control | Pulmonary Atelectasis - rehabilitation | Muscular Atrophy - etiology | Contracture - etiology
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9. Full Text Bed rest in singleton pregnancies for preventing preterm birth
by Sosa, Claudio G and Sosa, Claudio G and Althabe, Fernando and Althabe, Fernando and Belizán, José M and Belizán, José M and Bergel, Eduardo and Bergel, Eduardo
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, ISSN 1469-493X, 2015, Volume 2015, Issue 3, p. CD003581
Background Bed rest in hospital or at home is widely recommended for the prevention of preterm birth. This advice is based on the observation that hard work... 
Pregnancy | RITODRINE | WOMEN | MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | Bed Rest | Obstetric Labor, Premature [prevention & control] | MORBIDITY | Humans | Female | WEIGHT | LABOR | Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | Pregnancy, High-Risk | Premature Birth - prevention & control | Bed Rest - adverse effects
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10. Full Text Exercise effects on bed rest-induced brain changes
by Koppelmans, Vincent and Scott, Jessica M and Downs, Meghan E and Cassady, Kaitlin E and Yuan, Peng and Pasternak, Ofer and Wood, Scott J and De Dios, Yiri E and Gadd, Nichole E and Kofman, Igor and Riascos, Roy and Reuter-Lorenz, Patricia A and Bloomberg, Jacob J and Mulavara, Ajitkumar P and Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L and Seidler, Rachael D
PLoS ONE, ISSN 1932-6203, 10/2018, Volume 13, Issue 10, p. e0205515
Purpose Spaceflight negatively affects sensorimotor behavior; exercise mitigates some of these effects. Head down tilt bed rest (HDBR) induces body unloading... 
LONG-DURATION SPACEFLIGHT | MRI | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | MANUAL MOTOR | RESISTANCE | HUMAN CEREBELLUM | WEIGHTLESSNESS | AEROBIC EXERCISE | FMRI | PLASTICITY | Body Composition | Brain - diagnostic imaging | Brain - physiopathology | Humans | Organ Size | Male | Neural Pathways - pathology | Exercise Therapy | Bed Rest - adverse effects | Muscle, Skeletal - diagnostic imaging | Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology | Neural Pathways - diagnostic imaging | Brain - pathology | Adult | Physical Fitness | Exercise - physiology | Weightlessness Simulation | Head-Down Tilt | Muscle, Skeletal - pathology | Neural Pathways - physiopathology | Longitudinal Studies | Muscle Strength | Brain | Control | Perceptual-motor processes | Health aspects | Analysis | Aerobic exercises | Neurosciences | Neurobiology | Immobilization | Flywheels | Bed rest | Body composition | Exercise | Sporting goods | Body composition (biology) | Sensorimotor system | Functional magnetic resonance imaging | Aging | Physiology | Permutations | Statistical analysis | Medical imaging | Muscles | Unloading | Oxygen consumption | Space flight | Head down tilt | Medicine | Physical fitness | Brain research | Neural networks | Correlation analysis | Astronauts | Psychiatry | Kinesiology | Fitness | Structure-function relationships
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11. Full Text Separate and combined effects of 21-day bed rest and hypoxic confinement on body composition
by Debevec, Tadej and Bali, Tarsi C and Simpson, Elizabeth J and Macdonald, Ian A and Eiken, Ola and Mekjavic, Igor B and Centrum för flyg- och rymdfysiologi, SAPC and Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH) and Omgivningsfysiologi and Centra and KTH and Naturvetenskap och biomedicin
European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 1439-6319, 11/2014, Volume 114, Issue 11, pp. 2411 - 2425
This study tested the hypothesis that hypoxia exacerbates reductions in body mass observed during unloading.To discern the separate and combined effects of... 
Appetite | Biomedicine | Human Physiology | Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine | Sports Medicine | Normobaric hypoxia | Fat-free mass | Energy expenditure | Simulated microgravity | SPORT SCIENCES | PHYSIOLOGY | HIGH-ALTITUDE | WEIGHT-LOSS | MUSCLE | WATER-BALANCE | PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS | OPERATION EVEREST | ENERGY-BALANCE | NUTRITIONAL-STATUS | SPACE-FLIGHT | WHOLE-BODY | Body Composition | Energy Metabolism | Humans | Weightlessness - adverse effects | Oxygen Consumption | Adult | Hypoxia - physiopathology | Male | Bed Rest - adverse effects | Hypoxia - metabolism | Basic Medicine | Medical and Health Sciences | Medicin och hälsovetenskap | Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper | Fysiologi | Physiology
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