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1. Full Text INTERMITTENT BREEDING AND CONSTRAINTS ON LITTER SIZE: CONSEQUENCES FOR EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE PER GENERATION (Ne) AND PER REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE (Nb)
by Robin S. Waples and Tiago Antao
Evolution, ISSN 0014-3820, 6/2014, Volume 68, Issue 6, pp. 1722 - 1734
In iteroparous species, it is easier to estimate N b (effective number of breeders in one reproductive cycle) than N e (effective population size per... 
Animal reproduction | Simulations | Litter size | Breeding | Bison | Population size | Evolution | Female animals | Species | Age | overlapping generations | intermittent breeding | Clutch size | computer simulations | iteroparity | Intermittent breeding | Computer simulations | Iteroparity | Overlapping generations | NUMBERS | FECUNDITY | SIMUPOP | MODEL | EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY | EVOLUTION | TURTLES | GENETICS & HEREDITY | ECOLOGY | AGE | MAMMALS | Fertility - genetics | Animals | Litter Size - genetics | Reproduction - genetics | Female | Male | Clutch Size - genetics | Models, Genetic | Population - genetics | Usage | Computer-generated environments | Research | Computer simulation
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2. Full Text Electro-Hydraulic Controlled Transmission for Mid Size Agricultural Tractors
by Kitao, Yuichi, author
SAE technical paper series, Volume 961766.
This paper describes a new technology of an electronically controlled transmission for mid-size agricultural tractors. The most notable feature is a electro... 
Transmissions | Electronic control systems | Hydraulic control | Clutches | Electrohydraulics | Agricultural vehicles and equipment
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3. Full Text The evolution of fecundity is associated with female body size but not female‐biased sexual size dimorphism among frogs
by Monroe, M. J and South, S. H and Alonzo, S. H
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, ISSN 1010-061X, 10/2015, Volume 28, Issue 10, pp. 1793 - 1803
Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is one of the most common ways in which males and females differ. Male‐biased SSD (when males are larger) is often attributed to... 
egg size | clutch size | phylogeny | natural selection | sexual selection | amphibians | Egg size | Sexual selection | Clutch size | Phylogeny | Amphibians | Natural selection | Female | Animals | Sex Characteristics | Body Size | Fertility | Analysis | Frogs | Evolution | Males | Females | Animal behavior
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4. Full Text The positive correlation between maternal size and offspring size: fitting pieces of a life‐history puzzle
by Rollinson, Njal and Rowe, Locke
Biological Reviews, ISSN 1464-7931, 11/2016, Volume 91, Issue 4, pp. 1134 - 1148
ABSTRACT The evolution of investment per offspring (I) is often viewed through the lens of the classic theory, in which variation among individuals in a... 
parental care | propagule size | condition‐dependence | seed size | body size | egg size | investment per offspring | parent‐offspring conflict | life‐history theory | fecundity | parent-offspring conflict | condition-dependence | life-history theory | NUMBER TRADE-OFF | TURTLE CHRYSEMYS-PICTA | FEMALE SIZE | BODY-SIZE | OPTIMAL EGG SIZE | ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY | REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS | TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA | BIOLOGY | CLUTCH SIZE | Reproduction - physiology | Female | Animals | Models, Biological | Body Size - physiology | Humans | Evolutionary biology | Animal reproduction | Taxonomy
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5. Full Text Interdependence of System Control and Component Sizing for a Hydrogen-fueled Hybrid Vehicle
by Shidore, Neeraj, author
SAE technical paper series, Volume 2005-01-3457.
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) researchers have embarked on an ambitious program to quantitatively demonstrate the potential of hydrogen as a fuel for... 
Dual clutch transmissions | Hybrid engines | Hydrogen fuel | Hardware-in-the-loop | Electric motors
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6. Full Text Geographic Variation in Body Size and Sexual Size Dimorphism of a Seed‐Feeding Beetle
by R. Craig Stillwell and Geoffrey E. Morse and Charles W. Fox and Associate Editor: George W. Gilchrist and Editor: Michael C. Whitlock
The American Naturalist, ISSN 0003-0147, 07/2007, Volume 170, Issue 3, pp. 358 - 369
Body size of many animals varies with latitude: body size is either larger at higher latitudes (Bergmann’s rule) or smaller at higher latitudes (converse... 
Beetles | Clines | Body size | Body temperature | Humidity | Seed size | Seasons | Sexual dimorphism | Female animals | Geographical variation | Temperature | Bergmann's rule | Latitudinal clines | BERGMANNS RULE | NATURAL-POPULATIONS | DESICCATION RESISTANCE | DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER | PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY | body size | ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES | EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY | bergmann's rule | temperature | CLUTCH SIZE | WING SIZE | ECOLOGY | BRUCHIDIUS-ATROLINEATUS | latitudinal clines | REPRODUCTIVE DIAPAUSE | Geography | South America | Central America | United States | Fabaceae - growth & development | Male | Sex Characteristics | Rain | Animals | Seeds - growth & development | Tropical Climate | Body Size - physiology | Coleoptera - anatomy & histology | Ecosystem | Female | Mexico | Desert Climate | Coleoptera - physiology | Physiological aspects | Dimorphism (Biology) | Research
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7. Full Text Brood ball size but not egg size correlates with maternal size in a dung beetle, Onthophagus atripennis
by Kishi, Shigeki
Ecological Entomology, ISSN 0307-6946, 2014, Volume 39, Issue 3, pp. 355 - 360
Contrary to the theoretical prediction that the optimal investment per offspring should be independent of maternal size, maternal size and... 
Parental investment | Provisioning | Morphological constraint | Onthophagus | COLEOPTERA SCARABAEIDAE | PROGENY SIZE | BODY-SIZE | MIGRANT SKIPPER | ENTOMOLOGY | parental investment | OFFSPRING SIZE | GUTTATA-GUTTATA LEPIDOPTERA | CLUTCH SIZE | provisioning | REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS | Beetles | Eggs | Animal behavior | Evolution
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8. Negative allometry for egg size in ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Trade-off between egg hatch time and size
by Agarwala, BK and Dixon, AFG
CURRENT SCIENCE, ISSN 0011-3891, 12/2017, Volume 113, Issue 12, pp. 2350 - 2353
Similar to a wide range of other organisms, large species of predatory ladybeetles lay proportionally small eggs when compared to smaller species. This study... 
LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS | Egg size | NUMBER | ladybeetles | BODY-SIZE | CANNIBALISM | inter-specific negative allometry | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | CLUTCH SIZE | LADYBIRDS | WEIGHT | COVARIATION
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9. Full Text How do animals optimize the size-number trade-off when aging? Insights from reproductive senescence patterns in marmots
by Berger, Vérane and Lemaître, Jean-François and Gaillard, Jean-Michel and Cohas, Aurélie
Ecology, ISSN 0012-9658, 01/2015, Volume 96, Issue 1, pp. 46 - 53
We investigated the influence of female age on five reproductive traits and on the offspring size-number trade-off from an extensive data set spanning 20 years... 
reproductive allocation | annual reproductive success | La Grande Sassière Nature Reserve, French Alps | offspring mass | Marmota marmota | aging | litter size | Marmots | Litter size | Reproduction | Maternal age | Weaning | Sheep | Reports | Reproductive success | Reproductive traits | Female animals | Age | Annual reproductive success | Reproductive allocation | Aging | Offspring mass | SURVIVAL | QUALITY | La Grande Sassiere Nature Reserve, French Alps | COMPONENTS | ALLOCATION | OFFSPRING SIZE | CLUTCH SIZE | BODY-MASS | ECOLOGY | SOAY SHEEP | SELECTION | TRAITS | Litter Size | Female | Marmota - physiology | Animals | Aging - physiology | Body Size | Research
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10. Full Text Random size‐assortative mating despite size‐dependent fecundity in a Neotropical amphibian with explosive reproduction
by Székely, Diana and Székely, Paul and Denoël, Mathieu and Cogălniceanu, Dan and Herberstein, M
Ethology, ISSN 0179-1613, 04/2018, Volume 124, Issue 4, pp. 218 - 226
Sexual selection theory predicts that, when body size is correlated with fecundity, there should be fitness advantages for mate choice of the largest females.... 
explosive breeder | assortative mating | mate choice | sexual selection | Ceratophrys | fecundity | ANURA CERATOPHRYIDAE | SUCCESS | DIMORPHISM | FEMALE MATE CHOICE | BODY-SIZE | TOADS | ZOOLOGY | BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES | HORNED FROG | TEMPERATE FROG | BREEDING-BEHAVIOR | Frogs | Amphibians | Assortative mating | Sexual selection | Breeding | Mate selection | Clutch size | Males | Dry forests | Eggs | Animal reproduction | Animal behavior | Reproduction (biology) | Body size | Females | Fecundity | Species | Sexual partners | Fitness
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11. Full Text Beyond size–number trade-offs: clutch size as a maternal effect
by Gregory P Brown and Richard Shine
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, ISSN 0962-8436, 04/2009, Volume 364, Issue 1520, pp. 1097 - 1106
Tropidonophis mairii 
Incubation | Ecological life histories | Lizards | Evolution | Water uptake | Clutch size | Egg masses | Female animals | Snakes | Eggs | Incubation dynamics | Propagule size | Maternal investment | Size-number trade-off | WET-DRY TROPICS | PARENTAL INVESTMENT | EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT | maternal investment | SNAKE TROPIDONOPHIS-MAIRII | SEPIOTEUTHIS-AUSTRALIS | REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT | OFFSPRING SIZE | size-number trade-off | propagule size | INCUBATION ENVIRONMENTS | EGG MASS | incubation dynamics | BIOLOGY | HATCHING SUCCESS | Reproduction - physiology | Animals | Tropical Climate | Resource Allocation | Population Density | Clutch Size - physiology | Maternal Behavior | Environment | Female | Colubridae - physiology | Conservation of Natural Resources | Water Supply | Seasons | Australia | Colubridae - anatomy & histology | size–number trade-off
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12. Full Text Encountering competitors reduces clutch size and increases offspring size in a parasitoid with female–female fighting
by Marlène Goubault and Alexandra F.S Mack and Ian C.W Hardy
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, ISSN 0962-8452, 10/2007, Volume 274, Issue 1625, pp. 2571 - 2577
a gregarious parasitoid wasp in which the assumption of size-dependent resource acquisition is met via female–female contests for hosts. As predicted, smaller... 
Parasitoids | Insect eggs | Brood parasitism | Biological competition | Contests | Clutch size | Female animals | Eggs | Parasite hosts | Insect behavior | Intergenerational fitness | Game-theory | clutch size | game-theory | PERFORMANCE | STATIC OPTIMALITY MODELS | WASP | contests | BROOD PARASITISM | intergenerational fitness | DECISIONS | EVOLUTION | SUPERPARASITISM | BIOLOGY | INSECTS | MANIPULATION EXPERIMENT | Aggression - physiology | Animals | Clutch Size - physiology | Reproduction - physiology | Behavior, Animal - physiology | Female | Wasps - physiology | Body Weight - physiology
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13. Full Text The Offspring‐Size/Clutch‐Size Trade‐Off in Mammals
by Eric L. Charnov and S. K. Morgan Ernest and Associate Editor: Tim Coulson and Editor: Michael C. Whitlock
The American Naturalist, ISSN 0003-0147, 03/2006, Volume 167, Issue 4, pp. 578 - 582
The Smith‐Fretwell model for optimal offspring size assumes the existence of an inverse proportional relationship (i.e., trade‐off) between the number of... 
Datasets | Newborns | Taxa | Biological taxonomies | Litter size | Weaning | Average linear density | Body size | Clutch size | Mammals | Allometry | Offspring size | Eutherians | Trade-off | clutch size | allometry | EVOLUTION | LIFE-HISTORIES | TEMPERATURE | BODY-SIZE | offspring size | trade-off | ECOLOGY | BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION | eutherians | Litter Size | Animals | Body Size | Mammals - anatomy & histology | Mammals - physiology | Natural history | Research
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14. Full Text The Evolution of Body Size, Antennal Size and Host Use in Parasitoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): A Phylogenetic Comparative Analysis
by Symonds, Matthew R. E and Elgar, Mark A
PLoS ONE, ISSN 1932-6203, 10/2013, Volume 8, Issue 10, p. e78297
Chalcidoid wasps represent one of the most speciose superfamilies of animals known, with ca. 23,000 species described of which many are parasitoids. They are... 
FITNESS | SENSILLA | APHID PARASITOIDS | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY | LIFE-HISTORY | CLUTCH SIZE | PATTERNS | BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY | TRAITS | MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY | Biological Evolution | Arthropod Antennae - physiology | Host-Parasite Interactions - genetics | Animals | Body Size - genetics | Phylogeny | Hymenoptera | Wasps - genetics | Parasites - genetics | Comparative analysis | Wasps | Adaptations | Taxonomy | Zoology | Biological evolution | Pheromones | Chemical ecology | Antennae | Multiculturalism & pluralism | Exploitation | Insects | Animal behavior | Body size | Morphology | Host-parasite interactions | Phylogenetics | Evolution | Parasitics (electronics)
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15. Full Text Time‐limited environments affect the evolution of egg–body size allometry
by Eckerström‐Liedholm, Simon and Sowersby, Will and Gonzalez‐Voyer, Alejandro and Rogell, Björn and Stockholms universitet and Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten and Zoologiska institutionen
Evolution, ISSN 0014-3820, 07/2017, Volume 71, Issue 7, pp. 1900 - 1910
Initial offspring size is a fundamental component of absolute growth rate, where large offspring will reach a given adult body size faster than smaller... 
killifish | Growth rate | life‐history evolution | maternal investment | rate of evolution | reproduction | life-history evolution | LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS | NUMBER | NOTHOBRANCHIUS | OFFSPRING SIZE | EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY | TRADE-OFF | MODELS | NATURAL-SELECTION | GROWTH | GENETICS & HEREDITY | CLUTCH SIZE | FISHES | ECOLOGY | Progeny | Offspring | Animal behavior | Body size | Biological evolution | Evolution | Physical growth | Coevolution | Allometry | Species | Biological Sciences | Naturvetenskap | Biologiska vetenskaper | Natural Sciences
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16. Full Text