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1. Full Text An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of diacetyl (2,3-butanedione)
by Marri, Lucia and Jansson, Anita M and Christensen, Caspar E and Hindsgaul, Ole
Analytical Biochemistry, ISSN 0003-2697, 10/2017, Volume 535, pp. 12 - 18
Diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) is an important metabolic marker of several cancers, as well as an important off-flavour component produced during fermentation. As... 
Assay | Monoclonal antibodies | 1,2-Phenylenediamine capture group | Cell medium | Small-molecule sensing | Diacetyl | STRAINS | 2,3-PENTANEDIONE | WINE | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL | BUTTER FLAVORANT | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS | VICINAL DIKETONES | BEER | YEAST | FERMENTATION | Diacetyl - metabolism | Animals | Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay | Cattle | Serum Albumin, Bovine - chemistry | Molecular Structure | Diacetyl - analysis | Diacetyl - chemistry | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | Detectors | Fermentation
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2. Full Text Diacetyl and Related Flavorant α-Diketones: Biotransformation, Cellular Interactions, and Respiratory-Tract Toxicity
by Anders, M.W
Toxicology, ISSN 0300-483X, 2017, Volume 388, pp. 21 - 29
Graphical abstract 
Emergency | Covalent adduct formation | α-diketones | Hard and soft | Biotransformation | Acids and bases | Quantum-chemical methodology | Diacetyl | SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS | D-ERYTHRULOSE REDUCTASE | NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE | SHORT-CHAIN DEHYDROGENASE/REDUCTASE | L-XYLULOSE REDUCTASE | ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY | COFFEE PROCESSING WORKPLACE | alpha-diketones | ALDO-KETO REDUCTASES | ELECTROPHILIC REACTION CHEMISTRY | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | TOXICOLOGY | MECHANISTIC APPLICABILITY DOMAINS | Occupational Exposure - adverse effects | Humans | Flavoring Agents - metabolism | Respiratory Tract Diseases - chemically induced | Ketones - toxicity | Diacetyl - metabolism | Occupational Diseases - chemically induced | Animals | Diacetyl - toxicity | Ketones - chemistry | Flavoring Agents - chemistry | Flavoring Agents - toxicity | Ketones - metabolism | Diacetyl - chemistry
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3. Use of Diacetyl To Reduce the Load of Vibrio vulnificus in the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica
by Birkenhauer, JM and Oliver, JD
Journal of Food Protection, ISSN 0362-028X, 01/2003, Volume 66, Issue 1, pp. 38 - 43
Vibrio vulnificus is a highly virulent human pathogen that occurs naturally among the microflora of oysters. This organism has two portals of entry into... 
diacetyl
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4. Full Text The Butter Flavorant, Diacetyl, Forms a Covalent Adduct with 2‑Deoxyguanosine, Uncoils DNA, and Leads to Cell Death
by More, Swati S and Raza, Abbas and Vince, Robert
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, ISSN 0021-8561, 03/2012, Volume 60, Issue 12, pp. 3311 - 3317
Diacetyl (DA), a natural butter flavorant, is a causative agent for the lung disease obliterative bronchiolitis. Mutagenic properties of 1,2-dicarbonyls have... 
apoptosis | guanosine | diacetyl | DNA unwinding | carbonyl scavenger | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | 2,3-BUTANEDIONE | CHEMISTRY, APPLIED | PROTEINS | RESIDUES | METHYLGLYOXAL | Cell Survival - drug effects | Diacetyl - pharmacology | Butter | DNA Adducts - chemistry | Food Additives - toxicity | Deoxyguanosine - chemistry | DNA, Single-Stranded - chemistry | DNA - chemistry | Diacetyl - toxicity | Mutagens | Plasmids - genetics | Taste | Diacetyl - chemistry | Apoptosis | DNA - drug effects | Index Medicus
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5. Full Text Inhalation dosimetry modeling provides insights into regional respiratory tract toxicity of inhaled diacetyl
by Cichocki, Joseph A and Morris, John B
Toxicology, ISSN 0300-483X, 2016, Volume 388, pp. 30 - 39
Abstract Vapor dosimetry models provide a means of assessing the role of delivered dose in determining the regional airway response to inspired vapors. A... 
Emergency | 2,3-Butanedione | Diacetyl | Inhalation dosimetry | SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS | GASES | VAPOR ABSORPTION | PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL | HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE | BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS | EPITHELIAL-CELLS | METABOLISM | COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | TOXICOLOGY | EXPOSURE | Flavoring Agents - pharmacokinetics | Diacetyl - administration & dosage | Risk Assessment | Species Specificity | Occupational Exposure - adverse effects | Humans | Administration, Inhalation | Rats | Hydrodynamics | Flavoring Agents - administration & dosage | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Animals | Diacetyl - toxicity | Models, Biological | Respiratory System - metabolism | Respiratory System - drug effects | Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects | Toxicity Tests - methods | Diacetyl - pharmacokinetics | Flavoring Agents - toxicity | Fluid dynamics | Models
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6. Full Text Determination of Toxic α‑Dicarbonyl Compounds, Glyoxal, Methylglyoxal, and Diacetyl, Released to the Headspace of Lipid Commodities upon Heat Treatment
by Jiang, Yaping and Hengel, Matt and Pan, Canping and Seiber, James N and Shibamoto, Takayuki
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, ISSN 0021-8561, 02/2013, Volume 61, Issue 5, pp. 1067 - 1071
Toxic α-dicarbonyl compounds, glyoxal, 2-methylglyoxal, and diacetyl, released from the headspace from butter, margarine, safflower oil, beef fat, and cheese... 
α-dicarbonyl compounds | methylglyoxal | glyoxal | headspace | heated butter and cooking oils | diacetyl | OXIDATION | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | alpha-dicarbonyl compounds | FOODS | BUTTER | CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION | AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | FAT | CHEMISTRY, APPLIED | MILK | Cheese - analysis | Limit of Detection | Glyoxal - chemistry | Butter - analysis | Fats - analysis | Meat - analysis | Pyruvaldehyde - adverse effects | Consumer Product Safety | Humans | Quinoxalines - chemistry | Chromatography, Gas | Diacetyl - adverse effects | Glyoxal - adverse effects | Hot Temperature | Diacetyl - analysis | Pyruvaldehyde - analysis | Animals | Consumer Behavior | Margarine - analysis | Cattle | Glyoxal - analysis | Pyruvaldehyde - chemistry | Diacetyl - chemistry | Quinoxalines - isolation & purification | Index Medicus
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7. Full Text Evaluation of electronic cigarette liquids and aerosol for the presence of selected inhalation toxins
by Farsalinos, Konstantinos E and Kistler, Kurt A and Gillman, Gene and Voudris, Vassilis
Nicotine and Tobacco Research, ISSN 1462-2203, 02/2015, Volume 17, Issue 2, pp. 168 - 174
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate sweet-flavored electronic cigarette (EC) liquids for the presence of diacetyl (DA) and acetyl propionyl... 
2,3-PENTANEDIONE | FLAVORINGS | PLANT | PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS SYNDROME | WORKERS | DISEASE | VAPOR EXTRACT | SMOKE | SUBSTANCE ABUSE | DIACETYL | CYTOTOXICITY | Nicotine - administration & dosage | Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems | Humans | Pentanones - analysis | Administration, Inhalation | Aerosols | Flavoring Agents - chemistry | Female | Diacetyl - analysis | Smoking | Original Investigation
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8. Full Text Evaluation of the hypersensitivity potential of alternative butter flavorings
by Anderson, Stacey E and Franko, Jennifer and Wells, J.R and Lukomska, Ewa and Meade, B. Jean
Food and Chemical Toxicology, ISSN 0278-6915, 12/2013, Volume 62, pp. 373 - 381
Concern has been raised over the association of diacetyl with lung disease clinically resembling bronchiolitis obliterans in food manufacturing workers. This... 
LLNA | Butter flavorings | Hypersensitivity | Diacetyl | SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS | MICROWAVE POPCORN PLANTS | INHALATION DOSIMETRY | WORKERS | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | DIACETYL SUBSTITUTES | LYMPH-NODE ASSAY | SKIN SENSITIZATION | IDENTIFICATION | BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS SYNDROME | EXPOSURES | TOXICOLOGY | Pentanones - toxicity | Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic | Irritants - immunology | Lymph Nodes - pathology | Occupational Exposure | Butter | Hexanones - immunology | Hexanones - toxicity | Irritants - toxicity | Immunoglobulin E - blood | Animals | Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology | Diacetyl - toxicity | Lymphocytes - drug effects | Female | Mice, Inbred BALB C | Diacetyl - immunology | Flavoring Agents - toxicity | Allergy | Allergic reaction | Analysis | Flavoring essences | Food additives industry | Index Medicus | Butter flavourings
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9. Full Text Diacetyl: Occurrence, Analysis, and Toxicity
by Shibamoto, Takayuki
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, ISSN 0021-8561, 05/2014, Volume 62, Issue 18, pp. 4048 - 4053
Diacetyl possesses a butter-like flavor and has been widely used as a flavoring agent. It forms from sugars and lipids via various bacteria and heat treatment... 
α-dicarbonyl compounds | lipids | sugars | inhalation toxicity | diacetyl | BUTTER FLAVORANT | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | alpha-dicarbonyl compounds | CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS | VOLATILE COMPOUNDS | PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY | ELECTRON-TRANSFER | MODEL SYSTEMS | AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | LUNG-DISEASE | CHEMISTRY, APPLIED | 1,2-DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS | GLYOXAL | Sucrose - chemistry | Food Analysis | Diacetyl - toxicity | Humans | Flavoring Agents - chemistry | Molecular Structure | Hot Temperature | Flavoring Agents - toxicity | Diacetyl - chemistry
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10. Full Text Nickel(II) diacetyl monoxime-2-pyridyl hydrazone complex can inhibit Ehrlich solid tumor growth in mice: A potential new antitumor drug
by Saad, Entsar A and Hassanien, Mohamed M and El-lban, Faten W
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, ISSN 0006-291X, 03/2017, Volume 484, Issue 3, pp. 579 - 585
The chief chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin had common bad effects such as nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and bone marrow depression. This led us to develop a new... 
Cytotoxicity | Nucleic acids | Redox activity | Cisplatin | Antitumor | Complex | OXIDATIVE STRESS | ASSAY | BIOPHYSICS | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | CARCINOMA | Diacetyl - analogs & derivatives | Diacetyl - administration & dosage | Nickel - chemistry | Apoptosis - drug effects | Antineoplastic Agents - chemical synthesis | Hydrazones - administration & dosage | Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor - drug therapy | Antineoplastic Agents - administration & dosage | Hydrazones - chemistry | Nickel - administration & dosage | Feasibility Studies | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Animals | Cell Line, Tumor | Female | Cell Proliferation - drug effects | Mice | Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor - pathology | Diacetyl - chemistry | Enzymes | Growth | Liver | Superoxide | Antineoplastic agents | Antimitotic agents | Urea | Chemotherapy | Nickel | Cancer | Tumors | Index Medicus
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11. Diacetyl in fermented foods and beverages
by Inoue, Takashi
2008, ISBN 1881696154, viii, 139
Fermented foods | Diacetyl
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12. Full Text The Broadly Tuned Odorant Receptor OR1A1 is Highly Selective for 3-Methyl-2,4-nonanedione, a Key Food Odorant in Aged Wines, Tea, and Other Foods
by Geithe, Christiane and Noe, Franziska and Kreissl, Johanna and Krautwurst, Dietmar
Chemical senses, ISSN 0379-864X, 03/2017, Volume 42, Issue 3, pp. 181 - 193
Key food odorants are the most relevant determinants by which we detect, recognize, and hedonically evaluate the aroma of foods and beverages. Odorants are... 
chemosensory | key food odorants | olfaction | screening | luminescence | receptors | REPERTOIRE | PHYSIOLOGY | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | OLFACTORY RECEPTORS | QUANTITATION | TRAFFICKING | IDENTIFICATION | NEUROSCIENCES | RED WINES | AROMA COMPOUNDS | FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION | BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES | RECONSTITUTION | FLAVOR | Diacetyl - analogs & derivatives | Receptors, Odorant - metabolism | Alkanes - analysis | Diacetyl - pharmacology | Humans | Cells, Cultured | Alkanes - pharmacology | Diacetyl - analysis | Odorants - analysis | Receptors, Odorant - agonists | Wine - analysis | HEK293 Cells | Receptors, Odorant - genetics | Tea - chemistry
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13. Full Text Formation of 4(5)-Methylimidazole and Its Precursors, α‑Dicarbonyl Compounds, in Maillard Model Systems
by Jang, Hae Won and Jiang, Yaping and Hengel, Matt and Shibamoto, Takayuki
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, ISSN 0021-8561, 07/2013, Volume 61, Issue 28, pp. 6865 - 6872
Glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl formed from sucrose alone and from a d-glucose/ammonia Maillard model system were analyzed by gas chromatography. They are... 
Maillard reaction | methylglyoxal | glyoxal | 4-methylimidazole | diacetyl | soft drinks | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | CHEMISTRY, APPLIED | Sucrose - chemistry | Food Handling - methods | Chromatography, Gas | Glyoxal - chemical synthesis | Hot Temperature | Diacetyl - analysis | Pyruvaldehyde - analysis | Carbonated Beverages - analysis | Carcinogens - chemical synthesis | Maillard Reaction | Glucose - chemistry | Glyoxal - analysis | Diacetyl - chemical synthesis | Pyruvaldehyde - chemical synthesis | Ammonia - chemistry | Imidazoles - chemical synthesis | Hydrogen-Ion Concentration | Index Medicus
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14. Full Text Contribution of volatiles to the antifungal effect of Lactobacillus paracasei in defined medium and yogurt
by Aunsbjerg, S.D and Honoré, A.H and Marcussen, J and Ebrahimi, P and Vogensen, F.K and Benfeldt, C and Skov, T and Knøchel, S
International Journal of Food Microbiology, ISSN 0168-1605, 02/2015, Volume 194, pp. 46 - 53
Lactic acid bacteria with antifungal properties can be used to control spoilage of food and feed. Previously, most of the identified metabolites have been... 
Molds | GC–MS | Antifungal | Volatiles | Diacetyl | Lactobacillus | GC-MS | ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES | SPOILAGE | SUBSP | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA | GROWTH | PURIFICATION | PLANTARUM | Antifungal Agents - pharmacology | Diacetyl - pharmacology | Antifungal Agents - chemistry | Yogurt - microbiology | Penicillium - drug effects | Lactobacillus - metabolism | Food Microbiology | Antifungal Agents - isolation & purification | Diacetyl - metabolism | Antifungal Agents - analysis | Lactobacillus - chemistry | Culture Media | Acetoin - pharmacology | Metabolites | Antifungal agents | Basic Medicine | Medical and Health Sciences | Microbiology in the medical area | Medicin och hälsovetenskap | Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper | Mikrobiologi inom det medicinska området
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15. Full Text Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione exposure of human cultured airway epithelial cells: Ion transport effects and metabolism of butter flavoring agents
by Zaccone, Eric J and Goldsmith, W. Travis and Shimko, Michael J and Wells, J.R and Schwegler-Berry, Diane and Willard, Patsy A and Case, Shannon L and Thompson, Janet A and Fedan, Jeffrey S
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, ISSN 0041-008X, 12/2015, Volume 289, Issue 3, pp. 542 - 549
Inhalation of butter flavoring by workers in the microwave popcorn industry may result in “popcorn workers' lung.” In previous in vivo studies rats exposed for... 
Ion transport | Vapor exposure | Human airway epithelial cells | 2,3-Pentanedione | Diacetyl | Dicarbonyl/l-xylulose reductase | VAPOR ABSORPTION | LUNG | INHALATION DOSIMETRY | RAT | RESOLUTION | REACTIVITY | BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS SYNDROME | Dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase | REDUCTASE | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | 2,3-BUTANEDIONE | TOXICOLOGY | WORKERS PRODUCING DIACETYL | Pentanones - adverse effects | Occupational Exposure - adverse effects | Epithelial Cells - drug effects | Humans | Butter | Cells, Cultured | Diacetyl - adverse effects | Bronchi - drug effects | Flavoring Agents - adverse effects | Methacholine Chloride - adverse effects | Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects | Ion Transport - drug effects | Microwaves | Physiological aspects | Flavoring essences | Index Medicus | FIBROSIS | LUNGS | RATS | IN VIVO | 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES | 2-3-PENTANEDIONE | CONCENTRATION RATIO | CHLORINE IONS | VAPORS | EPITHELIUM | BENZOIC ACID | POTASSIUM IONS | SODIUM IONS | INDIUM IONS | OXIDOREDUCTASES | Dicarbonyl | l-xylulose reductase
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16. Full Text A validated hybrid computational fluid dynamics-physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for respiratory tract vapor absorption in the human and rat and its application to inhalation dosimetry of diacetyl
by Gloede, Eric and Cichocki, Joseph A and Baldino, Joshua B and Morris, John B
Toxicological Sciences, ISSN 1096-6080, 09/2011, Volume 123, Issue 1, pp. 231 - 246
Diacetyl vapor is associated with bronchiolar injury in man but primarily large airway injury in the rat. The goal of this study was to develop a... 
Diacetyl | Inhalation dosimetry | PBPK model | PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS | VINYL-ACETATE | diacetyl | DEPOSITION | XYLULOSE REDUCTASE | inhalation dosimetry | HAMSTER | BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS | METABOLISM | ORGANIC-SOLVENTS | CHEMICALS | TOXICOLOGY | NASAL DOSIMETRY | Respiratory Mucosa - drug effects | Diacetyl - administration & dosage | Gases - administration & dosage | Humans | Rats, Inbred F344 | Rats | Male | Inhalation Exposure - analysis | Gases - pharmacokinetics | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Animals | Models, Biological | Computer Simulation | Volatilization | Diacetyl - pharmacokinetics | Respiratory Mucosa - metabolism | Index Medicus
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