IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, ISSN 0018-9545, 03/2011, Volume 60, Issue 3, pp. 793 - 803
A mode control strategy for a two-mode hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with a fixed-gear mode is proposed, considering wheel torque demand while minimizing fuel...
Torque | Gears | Wheels | power split | hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) | two mode | Hybrid electric vehicles | Compounds | Electrically variable transmission (EVT) | Engines | mode control algorithm | TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | POWER | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Electric vehicles | Usage | Mathematical optimization | Pareto efficiency | Analysis | Innovations | Control algorithms | Gear ratios | Hybrid vehicles | Computer simulation | Mathematical analysis | Strategy | Optimization | Vehicles
Torque | Gears | Wheels | power split | hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) | two mode | Hybrid electric vehicles | Compounds | Electrically variable transmission (EVT) | Engines | mode control algorithm | TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | POWER | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Electric vehicles | Usage | Mathematical optimization | Pareto efficiency | Analysis | Innovations | Control algorithms | Gear ratios | Hybrid vehicles | Computer simulation | Mathematical analysis | Strategy | Optimization | Vehicles
Journal Article
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, ISSN 0278-0046, 04/2018, Volume 65, Issue 4, pp. 3095 - 3103
This paper describes how an electrical variable transmission (EVT) can be used as an alternative for mechanical continuously variable transmission (CVT)...
Torque | efficiency | Windings | Rotors | Stator windings | electrical variable transmission (EVT) | Inverters | Continuously variable transmission (CVT) | SYSTEM | INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | VEHICLES | ELECTRICAL VARIABLE TRANSMISSION | TRANSDUCER | MECHANICAL-PORT MACHINE | AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Electric inverters | Research | Ports | Permanent magnets | Continuously variable | Transmissions (automotive) | Power splitters
Torque | efficiency | Windings | Rotors | Stator windings | electrical variable transmission (EVT) | Inverters | Continuously variable transmission (CVT) | SYSTEM | INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | VEHICLES | ELECTRICAL VARIABLE TRANSMISSION | TRANSDUCER | MECHANICAL-PORT MACHINE | AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Electric inverters | Research | Ports | Permanent magnets | Continuously variable | Transmissions (automotive) | Power splitters
Journal Article
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, ISSN 0018-9545, 01/2014, Volume 63, Issue 1, pp. 40 - 50
Automotive engineers and researchers have proposed different topologies for series-parallel hybrid electric vehicles (SP-HEVs). The Toyota Hybrid System (THS)...
electrical variable transmission (EVT) | Dynamic programming | series-parallel | hybrid vehicle | MANAGEMENT | VEHICLES | TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | OPTIMIZATION | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | HYBRID | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Electric vehicles | Usage | Mathematical optimization | Feedback control systems | Innovations | Efficiency | Hybrid vehicles | Automobile industry | Decoupling | Topology | Assessments | Automobiles | Automotive components | Automotive engineering | Engineering Sciences | Electric power
electrical variable transmission (EVT) | Dynamic programming | series-parallel | hybrid vehicle | MANAGEMENT | VEHICLES | TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | OPTIMIZATION | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | HYBRID | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Electric vehicles | Usage | Mathematical optimization | Feedback control systems | Innovations | Efficiency | Hybrid vehicles | Automobile industry | Decoupling | Topology | Assessments | Automobiles | Automotive components | Automotive engineering | Engineering Sciences | Electric power
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Overview of Permanent-Magnet Brushless Drives for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, ISSN 0278-0046, 06/2008, Volume 55, Issue 6, pp. 2246 - 2257
With ever-increasing concerns on our environment, there is a fast growing interest in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs (HEVs) from automakers,...
Torque | Induction generators | Government | Electric variable transmission (EVT) | Drives | Topology | Hybrid electric vehicles | hybrid EV (HEV) | magnetic gear | Strontium | Character generation | Pressing | Electric variables control | electric vehicle (EV) | permanent-magnet (PM) brushless (BL) drives | integrated starter generator (ISG) | Electric vehicle (EV) | Integrated starter generator (ISG) | Permanent-magnet (PM) brushless (BL) drives | Hybrid EV (HEV) | Magnetic gear | SPEED CONTROL | SYSTEM | DESIGN | PERFORMANCE | NOISE | electric variable transmission (EVT) | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | MACHINES | INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | MINIMIZATION | OPERATION | OBSERVER | MOTOR DRIVE | AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS | Brushless electric motors | Equipment and supplies | Hybrid vehicles | Magnets, Permanent | Properties | Governments | Electric drives | Customers | Electric vehicles | Strategy | Automotive components
Torque | Induction generators | Government | Electric variable transmission (EVT) | Drives | Topology | Hybrid electric vehicles | hybrid EV (HEV) | magnetic gear | Strontium | Character generation | Pressing | Electric variables control | electric vehicle (EV) | permanent-magnet (PM) brushless (BL) drives | integrated starter generator (ISG) | Electric vehicle (EV) | Integrated starter generator (ISG) | Permanent-magnet (PM) brushless (BL) drives | Hybrid EV (HEV) | Magnetic gear | SPEED CONTROL | SYSTEM | DESIGN | PERFORMANCE | NOISE | electric variable transmission (EVT) | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | MACHINES | INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | MINIMIZATION | OPERATION | OBSERVER | MOTOR DRIVE | AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS | Brushless electric motors | Equipment and supplies | Hybrid vehicles | Magnets, Permanent | Properties | Governments | Electric drives | Customers | Electric vehicles | Strategy | Automotive components
Journal Article
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, ISSN 0018-9545, 08/2016, Volume 65, Issue 8, pp. 6794 - 6798
A way to improve existing hybrid vehicles is by globally optimizing the design of their components in relation to their actual use. This paper proposes a...
Gears | global joint design | Ice | Batteries | Fuels | Hybrid electric vehicles | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | hybrid vehicle | Optimization | MANAGEMENT | TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Energy consumption | Usage | Dynamic programming | Mathematical optimization | Analysis | Design engineering | Hybrid vehicles | Transmissions (automotive) | Design improvements | Fuel consumption | Dynamical systems | Design optimization | Engineering Sciences | Other
Gears | global joint design | Ice | Batteries | Fuels | Hybrid electric vehicles | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | hybrid vehicle | Optimization | MANAGEMENT | TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Energy consumption | Usage | Dynamic programming | Mathematical optimization | Analysis | Design engineering | Hybrid vehicles | Transmissions (automotive) | Design improvements | Fuel consumption | Dynamical systems | Design optimization | Engineering Sciences | Other
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Torque Analysis on a Double Rotor Electrical Variable Transmission With Hybrid Excitation
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, ISSN 0278-0046, 01/2017, Volume 64, Issue 1, pp. 60 - 68
An electrical variable transmission (EVT) can be used as a power splitting device in hybrid electrical vehicles. The EVT analyzed in this paper is a rotating...
Couplings | Bridges | hybrid excitation | Torque | torque analysis | Windings | Stator windings | Rotors | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | SYSTEM | DESIGN | INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | MECHANICAL-PORT MACHINE | AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Hybrid vehicles | Rotating machinery | Direct current | Power splitters | Motors | Product design | Permanent magnets | Excitation
Couplings | Bridges | hybrid excitation | Torque | torque analysis | Windings | Stator windings | Rotors | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | SYSTEM | DESIGN | INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | MECHANICAL-PORT MACHINE | AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Hybrid vehicles | Rotating machinery | Direct current | Power splitters | Motors | Product design | Permanent magnets | Excitation
Journal Article
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, ISSN 0018-9545, 06/2011, Volume 60, Issue 5, pp. 2354 - 2363
This paper describes the mathematical modeling, analysis, and simulation results of a novel electrical variable transmission (EVT) for a series-parallel hybrid...
Torque | Gears | modeling | Batteries | Mathematical model | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (SPHEV) | Engines | Equations | planetary gearset | Vehicles | TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | POWERTRAIN | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Couplings | Technology application | Usage | Degrees of freedom (Mechanics) | Electric vehicles | Design and construction | Shafting | Energy management systems | Methods | Electric motors | Hybrid vehicles | Transmissions (automotive) | Benchmarking | Fuel consumption | Mathematical models | Clutches
Torque | Gears | modeling | Batteries | Mathematical model | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (SPHEV) | Engines | Equations | planetary gearset | Vehicles | TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | POWERTRAIN | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Couplings | Technology application | Usage | Degrees of freedom (Mechanics) | Electric vehicles | Design and construction | Shafting | Energy management systems | Methods | Electric motors | Hybrid vehicles | Transmissions (automotive) | Benchmarking | Fuel consumption | Mathematical models | Clutches
Journal Article
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, ISSN 0278-0046, 10/2017, Volume 64, Issue 10, pp. 7731 - 7740
An electrical variable transmission (EVT) is an electromagnetic power-split device with two mechanical and two electrical ports. It can be used in hybrid...
Torque | Windings | Rotors | Stator windings | Loss measurement | Iron | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | loss separation | SYSTEM | DESIGN | INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | VEHICLES | TRANSDUCER | MECHANICAL-PORT MACHINE | WIND POWER APPLICATION | HYBRID | AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Models | Electrical equipment and supplies | Electrical machinery | Electric power systems | Electric losses | Copper loss | Hybrid vehicles | Slip rings | Vehicle wheels | Core loss | Mathematical analysis | Identification methods | Power splitters | Electric hybrid vehicles | Electric vehicles | Permanent magnets | Electric batteries
Torque | Windings | Rotors | Stator windings | Loss measurement | Iron | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | loss separation | SYSTEM | DESIGN | INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | VEHICLES | TRANSDUCER | MECHANICAL-PORT MACHINE | WIND POWER APPLICATION | HYBRID | AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Models | Electrical equipment and supplies | Electrical machinery | Electric power systems | Electric losses | Copper loss | Hybrid vehicles | Slip rings | Vehicle wheels | Core loss | Mathematical analysis | Identification methods | Power splitters | Electric hybrid vehicles | Electric vehicles | Permanent magnets | Electric batteries
Journal Article
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, ISSN 0018-9545, 11/2011, Volume 60, Issue 9, pp. 4106 - 4114
This paper focuses on an analysis of technical requirements for the design of a permanent-magnet-type electric variable transmission (PM-EVT), which is a novel...
Permanent magnet machines | permanent-magnet machine | Gears | Electric variable transmission (EVT) | Mechanical power transmission | Electric vehicles | planetary gear | Batteries | Hybrid electric vehicles | series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) | MACHINES | DRIVES | TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | HYBRID | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Measurement | Finite element method | Gearing, Planetary | Speed | Technology application | Usage | Design and construction | Magnets, Permanent | Simulation methods | Studies | Design engineering | Hybrid vehicles | Computer simulation | Automotive industry | Automobiles | Automotive components | Automotive engineering | Engineering Sciences | Electric power
Permanent magnet machines | permanent-magnet machine | Gears | Electric variable transmission (EVT) | Mechanical power transmission | Electric vehicles | planetary gear | Batteries | Hybrid electric vehicles | series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) | MACHINES | DRIVES | TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | HYBRID | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Measurement | Finite element method | Gearing, Planetary | Speed | Technology application | Usage | Design and construction | Magnets, Permanent | Simulation methods | Studies | Design engineering | Hybrid vehicles | Computer simulation | Automotive industry | Automobiles | Automotive components | Automotive engineering | Engineering Sciences | Electric power
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Field-Oriented Control for an Induction-Machine-Based Electrical Variable Transmission
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, ISSN 0018-9545, 06/2016, Volume 65, Issue 6, pp. 4230 - 4240
An electrical variable transmission (EVT) is an electromagnetic device with dual mechanical and electrical ports. In hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), it is...
modeling | Torque control | Rotors | Stators | Permanent magnets | field oriented control | Mathematical model | Induction machines | Electrical variable transmission | field-oriented control (FOC) | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | SYSTEM | DESIGN | ENERGY MANAGEMENT | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | WIND POWER APPLICATION | GEAR | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | VEHICLES | HEV | TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | MECHANICAL-PORT MACHINE | OPTIMIZATION | Usage | Mathematical models | Hybrid vehicles | Research | Magnets, Permanent | Magnetic brakes | Motors | Torque | Transmissions (automotive) | Automotive wheels | Power splitters | Combustion | Devices | Automotive components
modeling | Torque control | Rotors | Stators | Permanent magnets | field oriented control | Mathematical model | Induction machines | Electrical variable transmission | field-oriented control (FOC) | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | SYSTEM | DESIGN | ENERGY MANAGEMENT | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | WIND POWER APPLICATION | GEAR | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | VEHICLES | HEV | TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | MECHANICAL-PORT MACHINE | OPTIMIZATION | Usage | Mathematical models | Hybrid vehicles | Research | Magnets, Permanent | Magnetic brakes | Motors | Torque | Transmissions (automotive) | Automotive wheels | Power splitters | Combustion | Devices | Automotive components
Journal Article
Zhongguo Dianji Gongcheng Xuebao/Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering, ISSN 0258-8013, 01/2012, Volume 32, Issue 3, pp. 49 - 55
Journal Article
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, ISSN 0093-9994, 05/2013, Volume 49, Issue 3, pp. 1299 - 1307
In the widely applied non-direct-driven wind power generation system, a gearbox is connected between the wind turbine and high-speed doubly fed induction...
Continuous variable gearbox (CVG) | permanent-magnet generator (PMG) | wind power | Wind speed | Rotors | Wind power generation | Stators | electrical variable transmission (EVT) | Generators | Wind turbines | doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) | Load flow | DIRECT-DRIVE | ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | MECHANICAL-PORT MACHINE | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
Continuous variable gearbox (CVG) | permanent-magnet generator (PMG) | wind power | Wind speed | Rotors | Wind power generation | Stators | electrical variable transmission (EVT) | Generators | Wind turbines | doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) | Load flow | DIRECT-DRIVE | ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | MECHANICAL-PORT MACHINE | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
Journal Article
Diangong Jishu Xuebao/Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, ISSN 1000-6753, 01/2015, Volume 30, Issue 2, pp. 64 - 72
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Sensorless control for the EVT-based new dual power flow wind energy conversion system
Energies, ISSN 1996-1073, 2017, Volume 10, Issue 7, p. 888
The dual power flow wind energy conversion system (DPF-WECS) is a novel system which is based on the electrical variable transmission (EVT) machine. The...
Dual power flow (DPF) | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) | Sensorless | Sliding mode (SM) | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | Model reference adaptive system (MRAS) | Wind energy conversion system (WECS) | wind energy conversion system (WECS) | sliding mode (SM) | DIRECT-DRIVE | dual power flow (DPF) | ENERGY & FUELS | TRACKING | electrical variable transmission (EVT) | VECTOR CONTROL | maximum power point tracking (MPPT) | POINT | sensorless | model reference adaptive system (MRAS) | Power loss | Electrical engineering | Low pass filters | Low pass | Electricity distribution | Fluxes | Wind energy | Alternative energy sources | Equivalence | Power flow | Electric power | Energy conversion | Wind power | Maximum power | Low frequencies | Kalman filters | Turbines | Methods
Dual power flow (DPF) | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) | Sensorless | Sliding mode (SM) | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | Model reference adaptive system (MRAS) | Wind energy conversion system (WECS) | wind energy conversion system (WECS) | sliding mode (SM) | DIRECT-DRIVE | dual power flow (DPF) | ENERGY & FUELS | TRACKING | electrical variable transmission (EVT) | VECTOR CONTROL | maximum power point tracking (MPPT) | POINT | sensorless | model reference adaptive system (MRAS) | Power loss | Electrical engineering | Low pass filters | Low pass | Electricity distribution | Fluxes | Wind energy | Alternative energy sources | Equivalence | Power flow | Electric power | Energy conversion | Wind power | Maximum power | Low frequencies | Kalman filters | Turbines | Methods
Journal Article
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, ISSN 0018-9464, 07/2013, Volume 49, Issue 7, pp. 3383 - 3386
This paper focuses on the control for the dual power flow wind energy conversion system (DPF-WECS) based on the permanent magnet electrical variable...
Adaptation models | Wind energy | sensorless control strategy | Rotors | Sensorless control | Stators | Observers | electrical variable transmission (EVT) | Permanent magnets | permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) | Dual power flow wind energy conversion system (DPF-WECS) | Sensorless control strategy | MODES | PHYSICS, APPLIED | MECHANICAL-PORT MACHINE | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Measurement | Technology application | Frequency modulation | Spin coupling | Analysis | Research | Simulation methods | Energy conversion (Power resources) | Studies | Motors
Adaptation models | Wind energy | sensorless control strategy | Rotors | Sensorless control | Stators | Observers | electrical variable transmission (EVT) | Permanent magnets | permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) | Dual power flow wind energy conversion system (DPF-WECS) | Sensorless control strategy | MODES | PHYSICS, APPLIED | MECHANICAL-PORT MACHINE | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Measurement | Technology application | Frequency modulation | Spin coupling | Analysis | Research | Simulation methods | Energy conversion (Power resources) | Studies | Motors
Journal Article
Mechanisms and Machine Science, ISSN 2211-0984, 2019, Volume 73, pp. 3731 - 3740
Journal Article
International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, ISSN 2050-7038, 12/2017, Volume 27, Issue 12, pp. e2453 - n/a
Summary Mechanical gearboxes in wind power plant have low efficiency, reliability, and high maintenance cost. To overcome these problems, it is substituted by...
Brushless doubly fed induction generator | four quadrant energy transducer (4 QT) system | electric variable transmission (EVT) | ROTOR | INDUCTION GENERATORS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Maintenance costs | Electric power plants | Electric power generation | Renewable energy | Computer simulation | Rotors | Transmissions (machine elements) | Wind power generation | Plant reliability | Power efficiency | Wind power
Brushless doubly fed induction generator | four quadrant energy transducer (4 QT) system | electric variable transmission (EVT) | ROTOR | INDUCTION GENERATORS | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | Maintenance costs | Electric power plants | Electric power generation | Renewable energy | Computer simulation | Rotors | Transmissions (machine elements) | Wind power generation | Plant reliability | Power efficiency | Wind power
Journal Article
Dianli Xitong Zidonghua/Automation of Electric Power Systems, ISSN 1000-1026, 05/2013, Volume 37, Issue 10, pp. 48 - 71
Journal Article
Electric Power Components and Systems, ISSN 1532-5008, 11/2017, Volume 45, Issue 18, pp. 2078 - 2091
A novel dual power flow (DPF) wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on an electrical variable transmission (EVT) machine is proposed recently. The...
wind energy conversion system (WECS) | dual power flow | electrical variable transmission (EVT) | energy management | wind power generation | electric drives | energy storage system (ESS) | grid-connected control strategies | MECHANICAL PORT MACHINE | DIRECT-DRIVE | TURBINES | DESIGN | FAULT RIDE | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | INDUCTION GENERATOR | Computer simulation | Converters | Control systems | Wind energy | Simulation | Energy transmission | Power flow | Energy conversion | Mathematical models | Pitch (inclination) | Wind power | Tracking control | Energy storage
wind energy conversion system (WECS) | dual power flow | electrical variable transmission (EVT) | energy management | wind power generation | electric drives | energy storage system (ESS) | grid-connected control strategies | MECHANICAL PORT MACHINE | DIRECT-DRIVE | TURBINES | DESIGN | FAULT RIDE | ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC | INDUCTION GENERATOR | Computer simulation | Converters | Control systems | Wind energy | Simulation | Energy transmission | Power flow | Energy conversion | Mathematical models | Pitch (inclination) | Wind power | Tracking control | Energy storage
Journal Article
Advanced Materials Research, ISSN 1022-6680, 02/2014, Volume 875-877, pp. 1654 - 1660
In this paper, a mode control strategy for a two-mode EVT hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is proposed,considering transmission efficiency and mode change...
Dual-mode | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | Synchronous control | Mode change
Dual-mode | Electrical variable transmission (EVT) | Synchronous control | Mode change
Journal Article
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