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1. Full Text Basal ganglia subcircuits distinctively encode the parsing and concatenation of action sequences
by Jin, Xin and Tecuapetla, Fatuel and Costa, Rui M
Nature Neuroscience, ISSN 1097-6256, 03/2014, Volume 17, Issue 3, pp. 423 - 430
Chunking allows the brain to efficiently organize memories and actions. Although basal ganglia circuits have been implicated in action chunking, little is... 
CORTEX | GLOBUS-PALLIDUS | NEURONS | MOVEMENT | DOPAMINE | POPULATIONS | SPEECH | CHUNKING | NEUROSCIENCES | DIFFERENTIAL ROLES | FOREBRAIN CIRCUIT | Globus Pallidus - physiology | Male | Neurons - cytology | Neural Pathways - physiology | Psychomotor Performance - physiology | Substantia Nigra - cytology | Basal Ganglia - cytology | Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate - genetics | Time Factors | Neurons - physiology | Female | Basal Ganglia - surgery | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Behavior, Animal - physiology | Electrodes, Implanted | Substantia Nigra - surgery | Basal Ganglia - physiology | Nerve Tissue Proteins - genetics | Mice, Knockout | Learning - physiology | Animals | Neural Pathways - cytology | Globus Pallidus - cytology | Globus Pallidus - surgery | Mice | Substantia Nigra - physiology | Animal experimentation | Basal ganglia | Usage | Nucleotide sequence | Physiological aspects | Research | Analysis of variance
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2. Full Text A direct GABAergic output from the basal ganglia to frontal cortex
by Saunders, Arpiar and Oldenburg, Ian A and Berezovskii, Vladimir K and Johnson, Caroline A and Kingery, Nathan D and Elliott, Hunter L and Xie, Tiao and Gerfen, Charles R and Sabatini, Bernardo L
Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, 05/2015, Volume 521, Issue 7550, pp. 85 - 89
The basal ganglia are phylogenetically conserved subcortical nuclei necessary for coordinated motor action and reward learning(1). Current models postulate... 
GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN | FOREBRAIN | RAT | NUCLEUS BASALIS | CHOLINERGIC NEURONS | INDIRECT PATHWAYS | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | GLOBUS-PALLIDUS | SCHIZOPHRENIA | DRIVER LINES | CRE-RECOMBINASE | GABA | Physiological aspects | Basal ganglia | Prefrontal cortex | Medical research | Brain | Neurology | Signal transduction | Dopamine
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3. Full Text Prototypic and arkypallidal neurons in the dopamine-intact external globus pallidus
by Abdi, Azzedine and Mallet, Nicolas and Mohamed, Foad Y and Sharott, Andrew and Dodson, Paul D and Nakamura, Kouichi C and Suri, Sana and Avery, Sophie V and Larvin, Joseph T and Garas, Farid N and Garas, Shady N and Vinciati, Federica and Morin, Stéphanie and Bezard, Erwan and Baufreton, Jérôme and Magill, Peter J
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 04/2015, Volume 35, Issue 17, pp. 6667 - 6688
Studies in dopamine-depleted rats indicate that the external globus pallidus (GPe) contains two main types of GABAergic projection cell; so-called "prototypic"... 
Electrophysiology | Globus pallidus | Basal ganglia | Anatomy | Transcription factor | Arkypallidal | transcription factor | BETA-OSCILLATIONS | basal ganglia | anatomy | SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION | GABA INTERNEURONS | PROJECTION NEURONS | NEUROSCIENCES | CEREBRAL-CORTEX | electrophysiology | SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | MESSENGER-RNA | arkypallidal | IN-VIVO | globus pallidus | PARKINSONS-DISEASE | Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1 | ELAV-Like Protein 3 | Action Potentials - genetics | Neural Pathways - drug effects | Parvalbumins - metabolism | Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics | Neural Pathways - physiology | Subthalamic Nucleus - cytology | Adrenergic Agents - toxicity | Forkhead Transcription Factors - metabolism | Neurons - physiology | Statistics, Nonparametric | Female | Neurons - drug effects | Dopamine - metabolism | Animals, Newborn | Green Fluorescent Proteins - metabolism | ELAV Proteins - metabolism | Rats | Nuclear Proteins - metabolism | Action Potentials - physiology | Transcription Factors - metabolism | Oxidopamine - toxicity | Animals | Globus Pallidus - cytology | In Vitro Techniques | Life Sciences | Neurons and Cognition | Neurobiology
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4. Full Text Transgenic mouse lines subdivide external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) neurons and reveal distinct GPe output pathways
by Mastro, Kevin J and Bouchard, Rachel S and Holt, Hiromi A. K and Gittis, Aryn H
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 2014, Volume 34, Issue 6, pp. 2087 - 2099
Cell-type diversity in the brain enables the assembly of complex neural circuits, whose organization and patterns of activity give rise to brain function.... 
Intrinsic excitability | Globus pallidus | Connectivity | Basal ganglia | Transgenic mice | SQUIRREL-MONKEY | PRIMARY VISUAL-CORTEX | basal ganglia | MPTP MODEL | CM-PF COMPLEX | intrinsic excitability | NEUROSCIENCES | PRIMATE SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | BASAL GANGLIA CIRCUITRY | IN-VITRO | connectivity | transgenic mice | DOPAMINERGIC INNERVATION | PARKINSONIAN MOTOR SIGNS | DEEP BRAIN-STIMULATION | globus pallidus | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Globus Pallidus - physiology | Male | Mice, Transgenic | Membrane Potentials - physiology | Nerve Net - physiology | Neural Pathways - physiology | Nerve Net - cytology | Animals | Neural Pathways - cytology | Neurons - physiology | Globus Pallidus - cytology | Female | Mice
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5. Full Text The Progenitor Zone of the Ventral Medial Ganglionic Eminence Requires Nkx2-1 to Generate Most of the Globus Pallidus But Few Neocortical Interneurons
by Flandin, Pierre and Kimura, Shioko and Rubenstein, John L. R
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 02/2010, Volume 30, Issue 8, pp. 2812 - 2823
We show that most globus pallidus neurons, but very few neocortical interneurons, are generated from the ventral medial ganglionic eminence and dorsal preoptic... 
MIGRATION | FOREBRAIN CHOLINERGIC NEURONS | LIM-HOMEOBOX GENE | SUBTYPES | GABAERGIC INTERNEURONS | LHX6 | SPECIFICATION | FATE | EXPRESSION | NEUROSCIENCES | MOUSE TELENCEPHALON | Oligodendroglia - metabolism | Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1 | Corpus Striatum - embryology | Neocortex - embryology | Globus Pallidus - embryology | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism | Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - genetics | Male | Acetylcholine - metabolism | Stem Cells - cytology | Stem Cells - metabolism | Corpus Striatum - cytology | Corpus Striatum - metabolism | Choline O-Acetyltransferase - metabolism | Neurogenesis - genetics | Cell Differentiation - genetics | Neocortex - metabolism | Globus Pallidus - metabolism | Hedgehog Proteins - genetics | Female | Interneurons - cytology | Nuclear Proteins - genetics | Cell Lineage - genetics | Animals, Newborn | Telencephalon - metabolism | Telencephalon - cytology | Telencephalon - embryology | Transcription Factors - genetics | Mice, Knockout | Animals | Interneurons - metabolism | Globus Pallidus - cytology | Neocortex - cytology | Mice
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6. Full Text Arkypallidal Cells Send a Stop Signal to Striatum
by Mallet, Nicolas and Schmidt, Robert and Leventhal, Daniel and Chen, Fujun and Amer, Nada and Boraud, Thomas and Berke, Joshua D
Neuron, ISSN 0896-6273, 01/2016, Volume 89, Issue 2, pp. 308 - 316
The suppression of inappropriate actions is critical for flexible behavior. Cortical-basal ganglia networks provide key gating mechanisms for action... 
impulsivity | stop-signal | basal ganglia | globus pallidus | action inhibition | Globus pallidus | Stop-signal | Basal ganglia | Impulsivity | Action inhibition | SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | RESPONSE-INHIBITION | BASAL GANGLIA | BETA OSCILLATIONS | NEURONS | FAST-SPIKING INTERNEURONS | BIOTINYLATED DEXTRAN-AMINE | COUNTERMANDING SACCADES | EXTERNAL GLOBUS-PALLIDUS | SUPPLEMENTARY EYE FIELD | NEUROSCIENCES | Globus Pallidus - physiology | Rats | Corpus Striatum - cytology | Neural Pathways - physiology | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Action Potentials - physiology | Neural Inhibition - physiology | Animals | Neural Pathways - cytology | Neurons - physiology | Corpus Striatum - physiology | Globus Pallidus - cytology | Sleep Stages - physiology | Impulsive Behavior - physiology | GABA | Neurosciences | Analysis | Biomedical engineering | Transcription factors | Sleep | Behavior | Neurons
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7. Full Text Functional connectivity and integrative properties of globus pallidus neurons
by Jaeger, D and Kita, H
Neuroscience, ISSN 0306-4522, 2011, Volume 198, pp. 44 - 53
Abstract The globus pallidus consists of the external (GPe) and the internal (GPi) segments. The GPe and GPi have different functional roles. The GPe is... 
Neurology | GABA | pallidum | basal ganglia | modeling | spontaneous firing | glutamate | Basal ganglia | Glutamate | Modeling | Pallidum | Spontaneous firing | DOPA-INDUCED DYSKINESIA | SINGLE-UNIT-ACTIVITY | METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS | NIGRA PARS RETICULATA | NEUROSCIENCES | INVITRO SLICE PREPARATION | SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | ENTOPEDUNCULAR NUCLEUS NEURONS | PHASE-RESETTING CURVES | GABA-B-RECEPTORS | Action Potentials - physiology | Animals | Synapses - physiology | Globus Pallidus - physiology | Neurons - physiology | Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism | Globus Pallidus - cytology | Neurons - cytology | Nerve Net - physiology | Neural Pathways - physiology | Nerve Net - cytology | Neurosciences | Parkinson's disease | Neurons | Sulfonamides | Analysis | Cyanides
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8. Full Text Origin and Molecular Specification of Globus Pallidus Neurons
by Nobrega-Pereira, Sandrina and Gelman, Diego and Bartolini, Giorgia and Pla, Ramon and Pierani, Alessandra and Marin, Oscar
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 02/2010, Volume 30, Issue 8, pp. 2824 - 2834
The mechanisms controlling the assembly of brain nuclei are poorly understood. In the forebrain, it is typically assumed that the formation of nuclei follows a... 
IN-VITRO | RAT | CORTICAL GABAERGIC INTERNEURONS | CELL-MIGRATION | TELENCEPHALON | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | PROJECTION NEURONS | LATERAL GANGLIONIC EMINENCE | DEVELOPING CEREBRAL-CORTEX | NEUROSCIENCES | STRIATUM | Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1 | Globus Pallidus - embryology | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism | Parvalbumins - metabolism | Neurons - cytology | Acetylcholine - metabolism | Stem Cells - cytology | Stem Cells - metabolism | Cell Movement - physiology | Choline O-Acetyltransferase - metabolism | DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism | Globus Pallidus - metabolism | Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - metabolism | Neural Pathways - embryology | Neurons - metabolism | Prosencephalon - metabolism | Nuclear Proteins - genetics | Cell Differentiation - physiology | Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - physiology | Biomarkers - metabolism | Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - genetics | Biomarkers - analysis | Mice, Transgenic | Nuclear Proteins - metabolism | Transcription Factors - genetics | DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics | Nerve Tissue Proteins - genetics | Mice, Knockout | Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism | Transcription Factors - metabolism | Animals | Neurogenesis - physiology | Prosencephalon - cytology | Neural Pathways - cytology | Globus Pallidus - cytology | Neural Pathways - metabolism | Mice | Prosencephalon - embryology | Biological Markers | Neurons and Cognition | Neurobiology | Parvalbumins | Neural Pathways | Neurogenesis | Stem Cells | Life Sciences | Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental | Cell Differentiation | Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors | DNA-Binding Proteins | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid | Globus Pallidus | Neurons | Nerve Tissue Proteins | Nuclear Proteins | Prosencephalon | Choline O-Acetyltransferase | Acetylcholine | Transcription Factors | Cell Movement
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9. Full Text Distinct developmental origins manifest in the specialized encoding of movement by adult neurons of the external globus pallidus
by Dodson, Paul D and Larvin, Joseph T and Duffell, James M and Garas, Farid N and Doig, Natalie M and Kessaris, Nicoletta and Duguid, Ian C and Bogacz, Rafal and Butt, Simon J.B and Magill, Peter J
Neuron, ISSN 0896-6273, 04/2015, Volume 86, Issue 2, pp. 501 - 513
Transcriptional codes initiated during brain development are ultimately realized in adulthood as distinct cell types performing specialized roles in behavior.... 
TRANSCRIPTIONAL CODES | SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | GABAERGIC INTERNEURON DIVERSITY | SINGLE-UNIT-ACTIVITY | BASAL GANGLIA | INDIRECT PATHWAYS | FUNCTIONAL-ORGANIZATION | REACHING MOVEMENTS | NEUROSCIENCES | CELL-TYPES | PARKINSONS-DISEASE | Globus Pallidus - growth & development | Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1 | Globus Pallidus - embryology | Enkephalins - metabolism | Nuclear Proteins - metabolism | Cell Lineage - physiology | Protein Precursors - metabolism | Action Potentials - physiology | Transcription Factors - metabolism | Neurons - classification | Animals | Movement - physiology | Forkhead Transcription Factors - metabolism | Globus Pallidus - cytology | ROC Curve | Mice | Neurons - metabolism | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - secretion | Repressor Proteins - metabolism | GABA | Neurosciences | Developmental biology | Neurons | Codes | Transcription factors | Dopamine | Brain research | Experiments
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10. Full Text A basal ganglia circuit for evaluating action outcomes
by Stephenson-Jones, Marcus and Stephenson-Jones, Marcus and Yu, Kai and Yu, Kai and Ahrens, Sandra and Ahrens, Sandra and Tucciarone, Jason M and Tucciarone, Jason M and Van Huijstee, Aile N and van Huijstee, Aile N and Mejia, Luis A and Mejia, Luis A and Penzo, Mario A and Penzo, Mario A and Tai, Lung-Hao and Tai, Lung-Hao and Wilbrecht, Linda and Wilbrecht, Linda and Li, Bo and Li, Bo
Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, 11/2016, Volume 539, Issue 7628, pp. 289 - 293
The basal ganglia, a group of subcortical nuclei, play a crucial role in decision-making by selecting actions and evaluating their outcomes(1,2). While much is... 
ENTOPEDUNCULAR PROJECTION | NEGATIVE REWARD SIGNALS | DOPAMINE NEURONS | ROSTROMEDIAL TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS | SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | BEHAVIOR | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | LATERAL HABENULA | GLOBUS-PALLIDUS | MECHANISMS | REVEAL | Decision Making | Punishment | Rabies virus - physiology | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism | Globus Pallidus - physiology | Male | Optogenetics | Basal Ganglia - physiology | Neural Pathways - physiology | Basal Ganglia - cytology | Feedback, Physiological | Animals | Synapses - metabolism | Habenula - cytology | Conditioning, Classical | Globus Pallidus - cytology | Female | Glutamic Acid - metabolism | Mice | Neurons - metabolism | Reward | Habenula - physiology | Physiological aspects | Basal ganglia | Neural circuitry | Cognition & reasoning | Neurons | Dopamine
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11. Full Text Identification of a direct GABAergic pallidocortical pathway in rodents
by Chen, Michael C and Ferrari, Loris and Sacchet, Matthew D and Foland‐Ross, Lara C and Qiu, Mei‐Hong and Gotlib, Ian H and Fuller, Patrick M and Arrigoni, Elda and Lu, Jun
European Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0953-816X, 03/2015, Volume 41, Issue 6, pp. 748 - 759
Interaction between the basal ganglia and the cortex plays a critical role in a range of behaviors. Output from the basal ganglia to the cortex is thought to... 
GABA | frontal cortex | basal ganglia | globus pallidus | Globus pallidus | Basal ganglia | Frontal cortex | RAT | GLOBUS-PALLIDUS | NEUROSCIENCES | PREFRONTAL CORTEX | ORGANIZATION | SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | MOTOR | NEURONS | PROJECTIONS | PARKINSONS-DISEASE | Neostriatum - cytology | Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques | Globus Pallidus - physiology | Rats | GABAergic Neurons - physiology | Male | Prefrontal Cortex - cytology | Neural Pathways - physiology | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Animals | GABAergic Neurons - cytology | Neural Pathways - cytology | Globus Pallidus - cytology | Female | Mice | Prefrontal Cortex - physiology | Cognition
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12. Full Text Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area: Targets of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Output
by Akkal, Dalila and Dum, Richard P and Strick, Peter L
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 10/2007, Volume 27, Issue 40, pp. 10659 - 10673
We used retrograde transneuronal transport of neurotropic viruses in Cebus monkeys to examine the organization of basal ganglia and cerebellar projections to... 
Globus pallidus | Virus tracing | Parkinson's disease | Motor control | Cortical motor areas | Dentate | NEURONAL-ACTIVITY | FRONTAL-LOBE INPUTS | dentate | cortical motor areas | motor control | NEUROSCIENCES | PREFRONTAL CORTEX | virus tracing | MONKEY MACACA-FASCICULARIS | CALBINDIN D-28K | CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW | PREMOTOR AREAS | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | globus pallidus | MACAQUE MONKEY | PARKINSONS-DISEASE | Cebus | Motor Cortex - physiology | Cell Count | Globus Pallidus - physiology | Male | Cerebellum - physiology | Viral Proteins - metabolism | S100 Calcium Binding Protein G - metabolism | Calbindins | Herpesvirus 1, Human - physiology | Animals | Afferent Pathways - physiology | Cerebellum - cytology | Neurons - physiology | Brain Mapping | Globus Pallidus - cytology | Female | Motor Cortex - cytology
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13. Full Text Two Types of Neurons in the Primate Globus Pallidus External Segment Play Distinct Roles in Antisaccade Generation
by Yoshida, Atsushi and Tanaka, Masaki
Cerebral Cortex, ISSN 1047-3211, 03/2016, Volume 26, Issue 3, pp. 1187 - 1199
The globus pallidus external segment (GPe) constitutes part of the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia. Because of inhibitory projections from the striatum,... 
physiology | globus pallidus external segment | primate | Antisaccade | SACCADIC EYE-MOVEMENTS | BASAL GANGLIA | VOLITIONAL ACTIONS | NIGRA PARS RETICULATA | SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA | NEUROSCIENCES | CAUDATE-NUCLEUS | FUNCTIONAL-ANATOMY | SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | antisaccade | OCULOMOTOR FUNCTIONS | SUPPLEMENTARY MOTOR AREA | Microelectrodes | Visual Perception - physiology | Globus Pallidus - physiology | Male | Neurons - cytology | Psychomotor Performance - physiology | Action Potentials | Neuropsychological Tests | Animals | Neurons - physiology | Globus Pallidus - cytology | Female | Saccades - physiology | Macaca | Photic Stimulation
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14. Full Text Globus Pallidus Externus Neurons Expressing parvalbumin Interconnect the Subthalamic Nucleus and Striatal Interneurons
by Saunders, Arpiar and Huang, Kee Wui and Sabatini, Bernardo Luis
PLoS ONE, ISSN 1932-6203, 02/2016, Volume 11, Issue 2, p. e0149798
The globus pallidus externus (GP) is a nucleus of the basal ganglia (BG), containing GABAergic projection neurons that arborize widely throughout the BG,... 
ORGANIZATION | RAT | ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY | OUTPUT | BASAL GANGLIA | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | LIGHT | CONNECTIONS | OSCILLATIONS | PROJECTIONS | ANTEROGRADE | Physiological aspects | GABA | Genetic aspects | Research | Neurons | Neurophysiology | Brain | Neurosciences | Basal ganglia | Transcription factors | Interneurons | Substantia nigra | Brain slice preparation | Neurobiology | Solitary tract nucleus | Projection | Viruses | Neuropeptides | Nuclei | γ-Aminobutyric acid | Rodents | Neostriatum | Thalamus | Subthalamic nucleus | Spiking | Recombinant | Firing pattern | Dopamine | Transgenic mice | Globus pallidus | Gene expression | Parvalbumin | Ganglia | Axons | Synapses
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