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1. Full Text Hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass
by Xiao, Ling-Ping and Shi, Zheng-Jun and Xu, Feng and Sun, Run-Cang
Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, 08/2012, Volume 118, pp. 619 - 623
Schematic representation of the possible formation processes of hydrochars from lignocellulosic biomass via hydrothermal carbonization. ► HTC allowed rapid... 
GC–MS | XPS | Biomass | Hydrothermal carbonization | Phenolic compound | GC-MS | MONOSACCHARIDES | CARBON | AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING | BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | ENERGY & FUELS | Hydrolysis | Tamaricaceae - chemistry | Zea mays - chemistry | Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | Water - chemistry | Lignin - chemistry | Charcoal - chemistry | Hot Temperature | Carbon - chemistry
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2. Full Text Hydrothermal carbonization of agricultural residues
by Oliveira, Ivo and Blöhse, Dennis and Ramke, Hans-Günter
Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, 08/2013, Volume 142, pp. 138 - 146
The work presented in this article addresses the application of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) to produce a solid fuel named HTC-Biochar, whose... 
Process water | Agricultural residues | Hydrothermal carbonization | HTC-Biochar | Biogas potential | REMOVAL | AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING | BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | ENERGY & FUELS | BIOCHAR | Agriculture | Biomass | Biofuels | Carbon - chemistry | Lignite | Carbonization | Residues | Farms | Plants (organisms) | Biogas | Solid fuels | Farming
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3. Full Text Hydrothermal carbonization of microalgae
by Heilmann, Steven M and Davis, H. Ted and Jader, Lindsey R and Lefebvre, Paul A and Sadowsky, Michael J and Schendel, Frederick J and von Keitz, Marc G and Valentas, Kenneth J
Biomass and Bioenergy, ISSN 0961-9534, 2010, Volume 34, Issue 6, pp. 875 - 882
Hydrothermal carbonization is a process in which biomass is heated in water under pressure to create a char product. With higher plants, the chemistry of the... 
Synthetic coal | Hydrothermolysis | Hydrothermal carbonization | Algae | Algal coal | NANOPARTICLES | AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING | BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | ENERGY & FUELS | BIOMASS | GASIFICATION | COAL
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4. Full Text Hydrothermal carbonization of anaerobically digested maize silage
by Mumme, Jan and Eckervogt, Lion and Pielert, Judith and Diakité, Mamadou and Rupp, Fabian and Kern, Jürgen
Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, 10/2011, Volume 102, Issue 19, pp. 9255 - 9260
► Hydrothermal carbonization of anaerobically digested maize silage yields hydrochars with distinct properties. ► Carbonization of digestate relies on... 
Digestate | BET | Hydrochar | Hydrothermal carbonization | Biochar | GASES | CARBON | ENERGY & FUELS | CHEMICAL-PROCESS | PLANT-MATERIAL | AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING | BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | BIOMASS | DEGRADATION | Zea mays - chemistry | Regression Analysis | Cellulose - chemistry | Silage | Lignin - chemistry | Hot Temperature | Zea mays - metabolism | Biofuels | Citric Acid | Carbon - chemistry | Hydrogen-Ion Concentration | Corn | Lignin | Cellulose | Carbonization | Control | Reactors | Maize | Citric acid | Drying | Alternative fuels
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5. Full Text Engineering Carbon Materials from the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process of Biomass
by Hu, Bo and Wang, Kan and Wu, Liheng and Yu, Shu‐Hong and Antonietti, Markus and Titirici, Maria‐Magdalena
Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, 02/2010, Volume 22, Issue 7, pp. 813 - 828
Energy shortage, environmental crisis, and developing customer demands have driven people to find facile, low‐cost, environmentally friendly, and nontoxic... 
CO2 sequestration | Biomass | Hydrothermal carbonization | Carbon materials | Energy storage | PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | PHYSICS, APPLIED | ANODE MATERIAL | ONE-POT SYNTHESIS | MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | SUPERCRITICAL WATER | OXIDE HOLLOW SPHERES | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL | NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY | LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS | HARD CARBON | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | NOBLE-METAL NANOPARTICLES | METHANOL FUEL-CELLS | LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES | AG/C COAXIAL NANOCABLES | Carbon Dioxide - chemistry | Nanoparticles - chemistry | Nanotubes, Carbon - chemistry | Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry | Nanoparticles - ultrastructure | Nanotubes, Carbon - ultrastructure | Catalysis | Carbon - chemistry | Metal Nanoparticles - ultrastructure
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6. Full Text Hydrothermal carbonization of distiller's grains
by Heilmann, Steven M and Jader, Lindsey R and Sadowsky, Michael J and Schendel, Frederick J and von Keitz, Marc G and Valentas, Kenneth J
Biomass and Bioenergy, ISSN 0961-9534, 07/2011, Volume 35, Issue 7, pp. 2526 - 2533
Wet distiller's grains are intermediate byproducts of ethanol manufacture that have high moisture contents and require significant energy for drying and... 
Char formation | Hydrothermolysis | Hydrothermal carbonization | Distiller's grains | Thermal Hydrolysis | ENERGY & FUELS | PLANT-MATERIAL | AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING | PRETREATMENT | BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | BIOMASS | GASIFICATION | CORN | Proteins | Plant physiology | Fatty acids | Cellulose
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7. Full Text Hydrothermal Carbonization of Abundant Renewable Natural Organic Chemicals for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
by Wei, Lu and Sevilla, Marta and Fuertes, Antonio B and Mokaya, Robert and Yushin, Gleb
Advanced Energy Materials, ISSN 1614-6832, 05/2011, Volume 1, Issue 3, pp. 356 - 361
Cellulose, potato starch, and eucalyptus wood saw dust were transformed into porous carbons with micropore surface areas of up to 2387 m2/g. The specific... 
double layer | hydrothermal carbonization | microporous carbon | organic electrolyte | capacitor | PORE-SIZE | PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER | PHYSICS, APPLIED | ENERGY & FUELS | MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL | ION | DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS | ADSORPTION | ELECTROLYTES | ACTIVATED CARBONS | MICROPOROUS CARBONS | NANOPOROUS CARBON SUPERCAPACITORS | ONION-LIKE-CARBON | ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE
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8. Full Text Hydrothermal Carbonization of Australian Saltbush
by Keiller, BG and van Eyk, PJ and Lane, DJ and Muhlack, R and Burton, RA
ENERGY & FUELS, ISSN 0887-0624, 02/2019, Volume 33, Issue 2, pp. 1157 - 1166
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process, wherein biomass is subjected to high-pressure, high-temperature subcritical water to improve the... 
ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL | COMBUSTION | ENERGY & FUELS | BEHAVIOR | ASH | BIOMASS FUELS | WET | SOLID-FUEL | FATE
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9. Full Text Treatment of urban sludge by hydrothermal carbonization
by Xu, Xiwei and Jiang, Enchen
Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, 08/2017, Volume 238, pp. 182 - 187
Urban sludge was treated by Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). The effect of hydrothermal carbonization temperature, mixing with or without catalysts on solid... 
Urban sludge | COD | Hydrothermal carbonization | Heavy metals | MIGRATION | SEWAGE-SLUDGE | HEAVY-METALS | ENERGY & FUELS | LIQUEFACTION | RECOVERY | EXTRACTION | AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING | REDUCTION | BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | WASTE-WATER | BIO-OIL | RISK-ASSESSMENT | Environmental Pollution - prevention & control | Temperature | Metals, Heavy | Sewage | Carbon - chemistry | Pyrolysis | Sludge | Biomass energy | Analysis
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10. Full Text Hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction of grape pomace: A comparative evaluation
by Pala, Mehmet and Kantarli, Ismail Cem and Buyukisik, Hasan Baha and Yanik, Jale
Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, 06/2014, Volume 161, pp. 255 - 262
Grape pomace was treated by hydrothermal carbonization (sub-critical water, 175–275 °C) and torrefaction (nitrogen atmosphere, 250 and 300 °C), with mass yield... 
Torrefaction | Hydrochar | Hydrothermal carbonization | Biochar | WOOD | CONVERSION | ENERGY & FUELS | COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS | SEQUESTRATION | WASTE | AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING | PRODUCTS | BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | BIOMASS | FUEL | CELLULOSE | Vitis - chemistry | Charcoal - chemistry | Hot Temperature | Biofuels | Antioxidants - analysis | Comparative analysis | Bahai Faith
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11. Full Text Agro-industrial waste to solid biofuel through hydrothermal carbonization
by Basso, Daniele and Patuzzi, Francesco and Castello, Daniele and Baratieri, Marco and Rada, Elena Cristina and Weiss-Hortala, Elsa and Fiori, Luca
Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, 01/2016, Volume 47, Issue Part A, pp. 114 - 121
In this paper, the use of grape marc for energy purposes was investigated. Grape marc is a residual lignocellulosic by-product from the winery industry, which... 
Grape marc | Hydrochar | Thermochemical conversion | Biofuel | Hydrothermal carbonization | Biochar | MANAGEMENT | CONVERSION | SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES | ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL | BIOMASS | PYROLYSIS | Industrial wastes | Biomass energy | Analysis | Carbonization | Phases | Grapes | Lignocellulose | Upgrading | Byproducts | Biomass | Fuels | Environmental Engineering | Engineering Sciences | Chemical engineering | Chemical and Process Engineering | Chemical Sciences | Environmental Sciences
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12. Full Text Hydrothermal carbonization of poly(vinyl chloride)
by Poerschmann, J and Weiner, B and Woszidlo, S and Koehler, R and Kopinke, F.-D
Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, 01/2015, Volume 119, pp. 682 - 689
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was subjected to hydrothermal carbonization in subcritical water at 180–260 °C. Dehydrochlorination increased with increasing... 
Dehydrochlorination | Hydrothermal carbonization | Poly(vinyl chloride) | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | COMBUSTION | POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS | ORGANIC-REACTIONS | SORPTION | PLASTICS | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES | DECHLORINATION | TEMPERATURE | PYROLYSIS | PVC | Polycydic aromatic hydrocarbons | WATER | Temperature | Solid Phase Microextraction | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - chemistry | Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry | Polyvinyl Chloride - chemistry | Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis | Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods | Adsorption | Incineration | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - chemistry | Chlorine - chemistry | Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis | Dioxins - analysis | Charcoal | Furans - analysis | Vinyl chloride | Index Medicus | Carbonization | Polyvinyl chlorides | Chlorine | Chlorides | Formations | Arrays | Carbon | Operating temperature
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13. Full Text Improving Hydrothermal Carbonization by Using Poly(ionic liquid)s
by Zhang, Pengfei and Yuan, Jiayin and Fellinger, Tim‐Patrick and Antonietti, Markus and Li, Haoran and Wang, Yong
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, ISSN 1433-7851, 06/2013, Volume 52, Issue 23, pp. 6028 - 6032
Pores for thought: Porous nitrogen‐doped carbon materials (HTC Carbon with PILs) composed of spherical nanoparticles, and also those with Au–Pd core–shell... 
poly(ionic liquid)s | porous materials | hydrothermal synthesis | nanostructures | nitrogen doping | OXIDATION | POLYMERS | AEROGELS | SIZE | CORE-SHELL NANOCRYSTALS | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITY | NANOPARTICLES | GLUCOSE | CONTAINING MESOPOROUS CARBON | CATALYST SUPPORT | Carbonization | Nanoparticles | Gold | Porosity | Carbon | Sugars
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14. Full Text Biochars with excellent Pb(II) adsorption property produced from fresh and dehydrated banana peels via hydrothermal carbonization
by Zhou, Zhi and Zhou, Nan and Chen, Honggang and Xi, Junting and Yao, Denghui and Tian, Yun and Lu, Xiangyang
Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, 05/2017, Volume 232, pp. 204 - 210
Fresh and dehydrated banana peels were used as biomass feedstock to produce highly effective sorbent biochars through a facile one-step hydrothermal... 
Lead removal | Banana peel | Hydrothermal carbonization | Biochar | PB2 | CARBON | HEAVY-METALS | ENERGY & FUELS | IONS | WHEAT-STRAW | AQUEOUS-SOLUTION | REMOVAL | HYDROCHAR | AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING | CADMIUM | BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | WASTE-WATER | Charcoal - pharmacokinetics | Desiccation | Musa - metabolism | Lead - pharmacokinetics | Biomass | Charcoal - chemistry | Hot Temperature | Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | Carbon - chemistry | Carbon - pharmacokinetics | Musa - chemistry | Adsorption | Water - chemistry | Phosphates | Phosphoric acid | Agricultural biotechnology | Dehydration (Physiology) | Analysis
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