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1. Full Text Human tongue neuroanatomy: Nerve supply and motor endplates
by Mu, Liancai and Sanders, Ira
Clinical Anatomy, ISSN 0897-3806, 2010, Volume 23, Issue 7, pp. 777 - 791
The human tongue has a critical role in speech, swallowing, and respiration, however, its motor control is poorly understood. Fundamental gaps include detailed... 
Superior longitudinal muscle | Tongue | Innervation | Vertical muscle | Sihler's stain | Styloglossus muscle | Swallowing | Acetylcholinesterase staining | Motor endplates | Palatoglossus muscle | Lingual nerve | Hypoglossal nerve | Transverse muscle | Inferior longitudinal muscle | Speech | Breathing | Genioglossus muscle | Hyoglossus muscle | Neuromuscular compartments | Silver stain | OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA | neuromuscular compartments | swallowing | tongue | CRICOARYTENOID MUSCLE | AIR-FLOW MECHANICS | acetylcholinesterase staining | UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER | hyoglossus muscle | vertical muscle | lingual nerve | HEAVY-CHAIN COMPOSITION | silver stain | innervation | styloglossus muscle | superior longitudinal muscle | breathing | ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY | transverse muscle | palatoglossus muscle | PHARYNGEAL DILATOR MUSCLES | genioglossus muscle | speech | ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION | inferior longitudinal muscle | NEUROMUSCULAR SPECIALIZATIONS | hypoglossal nerve | SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE | motor endplates | Motor Endplate - anatomy & histology | Humans | Middle Aged | Muscles - innervation | Aged, 80 and over | Female | Male | Aged | Tongue - innervation | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Muscles | Motor evoked potentials | Acetylcholinesterase | Anatomy | Motor task performance | Specialization | Banding | Nerves | Respiration | Stains | Index Medicus | Sihler’s stain
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2. Full Text Improving surgical results in complex nerve anatomy during implantation of selective upper airway stimulation
by Zhu, Zhaojun and Hofauer, Benedikt and Heiser, Clemens
Auris Nasus Larynx, ISSN 0385-8146, 06/2018, Volume 45, Issue 3, pp. 653 - 656
The following report presents a case of two late embedded hypoglossus branches during implantation of an upper airway stimulation device that caused a mixed... 
Hypoglossal nerve anatomy | OSA | Selective upper airway stimulation | OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA | OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY | Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - therapy | Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring | Electric Stimulation Therapy - methods | Humans | Middle Aged | Hypoglossal Nerve - abnormalities | Male | Electromyography | Prosthesis Implantation - methods | Tongue - innervation | Pharynx | Index Medicus
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3. Full Text ANATOMICAL STUDY OF CRANIAL NERVE EMERGENCE AND SKULL FORAMINA IN THE HORSE USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
by Gonçalves, Rita and Malalana, Fernando and McConnell, James Fraser and Maddox, Thomas
Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, ISSN 1058-8183, 07/2015, Volume 56, Issue 4, pp. 391 - 397
For accurate interpretation of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the equine brain, knowledge of the normal cross‐sectional anatomy of the brain and associated... 
horse | cranial nerves | MRI | CT | Cranial nerves | Horse | VETERINARY SCIENCES | DOGS | Oculomotor Nerve - diagnostic imaging | Brain - diagnostic imaging | Facial Nerve - anatomy & histology | Optic Nerve - radiation effects | Vestibulocochlear Nerve - diagnostic imaging | Abducens Nerve - diagnostic imaging | Prospective Studies | Brain - anatomy & histology | Facial Nerve - diagnostic imaging | Oculomotor Nerve - anatomy & histology | Cranial Nerves - anatomy & histology | Cranial Nerves - diagnostic imaging | Accessory Nerve - diagnostic imaging | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Trochlear Nerve - anatomy & histology | Trochlear Nerve - diagnostic imaging | Accessory Nerve - anatomy & histology | Glossopharyngeal Nerve - diagnostic imaging | Horses - anatomy & histology | Tomography, X-Ray Computed - veterinary | Hypoglossal Nerve - diagnostic imaging | Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods | Trigeminal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Trigeminal Nerve - diagnostic imaging | Anatomy, Cross-Sectional | Glossopharyngeal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Animals | Optic Nerve - anatomy & histology | Skull - anatomy & histology | Skull - diagnostic imaging | Magnetic Resonance Imaging - veterinary | Vagus Nerve - diagnostic imaging | Vestibulocochlear Nerve - anatomy & histology | Abducens Nerve - anatomy & histology | Cadaver | Vagus Nerve - anatomy & histology | Magnetic resonance imaging | CT imaging | Index Medicus
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4. Full Text Surgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve: A new classification system for selective upper airway stimulation
by Heiser, Clemens and Knopf, Andreas and Hofauer, Benedikt
Head & Neck, ISSN 1043-3074, 12/2017, Volume 39, Issue 12, pp. 2371 - 2380
Background: Selective upper airway stimulation (UAS) has shown effectiveness in treating patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The terminating branches... 
obstructive sleep apnea | anatomy hypoglossal nerve | hypoglossal nerve | surgical treatment obstructive sleep apnea | upper airway stimulation | SURGERY | OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA | HUMAN TONGUE | ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION | OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY | EXPERIENCE | MUSCLES | Electric Stimulation Therapy - classification | Follow-Up Studies | Risk Assessment | Electric Stimulation Therapy - instrumentation | Humans | Middle Aged | Prostheses and Implants | Male | Treatment Outcome | Electrodes, Implanted | Sampling Studies | Electric Stimulation Therapy - methods | Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - surgery | Monitoring, Intraoperative - methods | Female | Aged | Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - diagnosis | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Analysis | Sleep apnea syndromes | Respiratory tract | Sleep disorders | Tongue | Sleep | Apnea | Hypoglossal nerve | Classification | Anatomy | Index Medicus
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5. Full Text Nerve monitoring–guided selective hypoglossal nerve stimulation in obstructive sleep apnea patients
by Heiser, Clemens and Hofauer, Benedikt and Lozier, Luke and Woodson, B. Tucker and Stark, Thomas
The Laryngoscope, ISSN 0023-852X, 12/2016, Volume 126, Issue 12, pp. 2852 - 2858
Objective/HypothesisSelective stimulation of the upper airway is a new therapy for obstructive sleep apnea. The aim of the study was to determine if a... 
obstructive sleep apnea | hypoglossal nerve | nerve integrity monitoring system | Selective upper‐airway stimulation | NIM | Selective upper-airway stimulation | MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY | UPPER-AIRWAY STIMULATION | Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - therapy | Hypoglossal Nerve - physiology | Prospective Studies | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Tongue - physiology | Tongue - innervation | Electric Stimulation Therapy | Monitoring, Intraoperative | Feasibility Studies | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Medical equipment | Physiological apparatus | Sleep apnea syndromes | Insomnia | Sleep apnea | Index Medicus
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6. Full Text Size and number of the hypoglossal nerve foramina in the avian skull and their potential neuroanatomical significance
by Mayr, Gerald
Journal of Morphology, ISSN 0362-2525, 02/2018, Volume 279, Issue 2, pp. 274 - 285
The cranial openings of nervus hypoglossus, the 12th cranial nerve, are for the first time studied across a broad range of higher avian taxa. This nerve plays... 
comparative osteology | foramina nervi hypoglossi | evolution | nervus hypoglossus | Aves | LOCALIZATION | STRUTHIO-CAMELUS | FUR FORMATION | ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY | DENMARK | ZEBRA FINCH | MOTOR NUCLEI | OSTRICH | MIDDLE-EAR | BIRDS | Passeriformes - anatomy & histology | Charadriiformes - anatomy & histology | Animals | Neuroanatomy | Skull - anatomy & histology | Muscles - innervation | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Birds
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7. Full Text Revisiting the relationship between the submandibular duct, lingual nerve and hypoglossal nerve
by Günenç Beşer, C and Erçakmak, B and Ilgaz, H.B and Vatansever, A and Sargon, M.F
Folia Morphologica (Poland), ISSN 0015-5659, 09/2018, Volume 77, Issue 3, pp. 521 - 526
Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relations between submandibular duct, lingual nerve and hypoglossal nerve for making a reassessment of... 
Lingual nerve | Submandibular duct | Hypoglossal nerve | Anatomy | Dissection | 3RD MOLAR REGION | SURGERY | INTRAORAL APPROACH | lingual nerve | ANATOMIC POSITION | anatomy | ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY | submandibular duct | hypoglossal nerve | EXCISION | GLAND | dissection | Mandible - anatomy & histology | Mandible - innervation | Neck Muscles - anatomy & histology | Neck Muscles - innervation | Humans | Lingual Nerve - anatomy & histology | Female | Male | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology
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8. Full Text Microsurgical Anatomy of the Hypoglossal and C1 Nerves: Description of a Previously Undescribed Branch to the Atlanto-Occipital Joint
by Iwanaga, Joe and Fisahn, Christian and Alonso, Fernando and DiLorenzo, Daniel and Grunert, Peter and Kline, Matthew T and Watanabe, Koichi and Oskouian, Rod J and Spinner, Robert J and Tubbs, R. Shane
World Neurosurgery, ISSN 1878-8750, 2017, Volume 100, pp. 590 - 593
Objective Distal branches of the C1 nerve that travel with the hypoglossal nerve have been well investigated but relationships of C1 and the hypoglossal nerve... 
Neurosurgery | Hypoglossal nerve | Microscopy | Anatomy | Cadaver | Cranial nerves | SURGERY | ROOT | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Cervical Cord - anatomy & histology | Dissection - methods | Humans | Spinal Nerves - surgery | Male | Atlanto-Occipital Joint - innervation | Anatomic Landmarks - anatomy & histology | Spinal Nerves - anatomy & histology | Hypoglossal Nerve - surgery | Atlanto-Occipital Joint - anatomy & histology | Aged, 80 and over | Female | Aged | Microsurgery - methods | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Analgesics | Medical colleges | Neurosciences | Index Medicus
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9. Full Text Communicating branches between lingual and hypoglossal nerve: observation using Sihler's staining technique
by Iwanaga, J and Watanabe, K and Saga, T and Tabira, Y and Nakamura, M and Fisahn, C and Tubbs, RS and Kusukawa, J and Yamaki, K
SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY, ISSN 0930-1038, 07/2017, Volume 39, Issue 7, pp. 741 - 745
Many dental procedures are at risk of injuring the lingual nerve. We performed this study to better elucidate the microanatomy that exists between the... 
TONGUE | SURGERY | Lingual nerve | Hypoglossal nerve | Lingual nerve injuries | ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY | CLINICAL ANATOMY | RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING | Cadaver | REGION | Humans | Middle Aged | Lingual Nerve - anatomy & histology | Aged, 80 and over | Female | Male | Aged | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Medical colleges | Methods | Resveratrol | Nervous system | Tongue | Anatomy & physiology | Cadavers | Index Medicus
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10. Full Text Sternocleidomastoid innervation from an aberrant nerve arising from the hypoglossal nerve: a prospective study of 160 neck dissections
by Brennan, Peter A and Alam, Peyman and Ammar, Mostafa and Tsiroyannis, Constantine and Zagkou, Eirini and Standring, Susan
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, ISSN 0930-1038, 2/2017, Volume 39, Issue 2, pp. 205 - 209
Anatomical variants of the spinal root of the accessory nerve and cervical plexus are well known but other variants are exceptionally rare.A prospective study... 
Medicine & Public Health | Hypoglossal nerve | Ansa cervicalis | Orthopedics | Sternocleidomastoid muscle | Nerve variant | Imaging / Radiology | Anatomy | SURGERY | ANATOMY | SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE | ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY | TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE INNERVATION | VARIANT | RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING | PLEXUS | Anatomic Variation | Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck | Prospective Studies | Accessory Nerve - anatomy & histology | Neck Muscles - innervation | Humans | Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - surgery | Hypoglossal Nerve - abnormalities | Upper Extremity | Cervical Plexus - anatomy & histology | Head and Neck Neoplasms - surgery | Neck Dissection | Surgery | Metastasis | Nervous system | Muscular system | Anatomy & physiology | Dissection | Index Medicus
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11. Full Text Microsurgical anatomy of the human carotid body (glomus caroticum): Features of its detailed topography, syntopy and morphology
by Schulz, Sissy-Amelie and Wöhler, Aliona and Beutner, Dirk and Angelov, Doychin N
Annals of Anatomy, ISSN 0940-9602, 03/2016, Volume 204, pp. 106 - 113
The human glomus caroticum (GC) is not readily accessible during ordinary anatomical teaching courses because of insufficient time and difficulties encountered... 
Human | Anatomy | Glomus caroticum | PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA | MANAGEMENT | INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA | SINUS | ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY | INNERVATION | PARAGANGLIOMAS | TUMORS | Glomus Tumor - pathology | Sympathetic Nervous System - anatomy & histology | Glomus Tumor - surgery | Carotid Body - surgery | Humans | Carotid Artery, Common - surgery | Carotid Artery, Common - anatomy & histology | Vagus Nerve - surgery | Carotid Artery, Internal - anatomy & histology | Carotid Artery, External - anatomy & histology | Glossopharyngeal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Neural Pathways - anatomy & histology | Sympathetic Nervous System - surgery | Glossopharyngeal Nerve - surgery | Hypoglossal Nerve - surgery | Neural Pathways - surgery | Carotid Artery, External - surgery | Carotid Artery, Internal - surgery | Cadaver | Carotid Body - anatomy & histology | Vagus Nerve - anatomy & histology | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Index Medicus
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12. Surgical Anatomy of the Hypoglossal Nerve for Facial Nerve Reconstruction Research in Swine
by Sasaki, Ryo and Matsumine, Hajime and Watanabe, Yorikatsu and Yamato, Masayuki and Ando, Tomohiro
Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, ISSN 0743-684X, 2014, Volume 30, Issue 8, pp. 585 - 588
SURGERY | Animals | Hypoglossal Nerve - surgery | Swine | Facial Paralysis - surgery | Anastomosis, Surgical | Nerve Regeneration | Reconstructive Surgical Procedures | Disease Models, Animal | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology
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13. Full Text Innervation of the syrinx of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
by Faunes, Macarena and Botelho, João F and Wild, J. Martin
Journal of Comparative Neurology, ISSN 0021-9967, 09/2017, Volume 525, Issue 13, pp. 2847 - 2860
In songbirds, the learning and maintenance of song is dependent on auditory feedback, but little is known about the presence or role of other forms of sensory... 
RRID: SCR_00177 | RRID: AB_10000343 | songbirds | RRID: AB_10000320 | RRID: AB_2532998 | AB_396357 | RRID: AB_10013220 | somatosensory feedback | RRID: AB_2079751 | RRID: AB_10000347 | VOCAL MOTOR | NERVOUS-SYSTEM | LOCALIZATION | AUDITORY-FEEDBACK | SONG PRODUCTION | AFFERENT INNERVATION | NEUROSCIENCES | SKELETAL-MUSCLE | ZOOLOGY | SUBSTANCE-P | PROJECTIONS | VOCALIZATIONS | Finches - anatomy & histology | Hypoglossal Nerve - physiology | Motor Neurons - physiology | Vocal Cords - anatomy & histology | Brain Stem - anatomy & histology | Cholera Toxin - metabolism | Brain Stem - metabolism | Vocal Cords - innervation | Vocalization, Animal - physiology | Male | Neural Pathways - physiology | Choline O-Acetyltransferase - metabolism | Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism | Animals | Substance P - metabolism | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Immunohistochemistry | Zebra finch | Cholera toxin | Target recognition | Innervation | Solitary tract nucleus | Motor task performance | Nuclei | Receptors | Song | Hypoglossal nerve | Feedback | Sensory feedback | Blood pressure | Trachea | Nerve endings | Tracheosyringeal nerve | Substance P | Muscles | Birds | Epithelium | Auditory stimuli | Motor endplates | Choline | Cholera | Immunofluorescence | Index Medicus
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14. Full Text Surgical Pitfalls in Carotid Endarterectomy: A New Step-By-Step Approach
by Denli Yalvac, Emine Seyma and Baran, Oguz and Aydin, Aysegul Esen and Balak, Naci and Tanriover, Necmettin
The Journal of craniofacial surgery, ISSN 1049-2275, 11/2018, Volume 29, Issue 8, pp. 2337 - 2343
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical intervention that may prevent stroke in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Our aim was to examine the... 
SURGERY | EVERSION | QUALITY | REGIONAL ANESTHESIA | RISK | STUMP PRESSURE | IMPACT | Carotid | surgical anatomy | carotid endarterectomy | ARTERY | carotid artery | surgical approach | CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA | HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE | LOCAL-ANESTHESIA | Endarterectomy, Carotid - methods | Glossopharyngeal Nerve - diagnostic imaging | Neck Muscles - anatomy & histology | Neck Muscles - innervation | Humans | Hypoglossal Nerve - diagnostic imaging | Computed Tomography Angiography | Glossopharyngeal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Carotid Arteries - diagnostic imaging | Adult | Carotid Arteries - anatomy & histology | Neck Muscles - diagnostic imaging | Carotid Arteries - innervation | Dissection | Cadaver | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Heart | Complications and side effects | Carotid artery | Surgery | Injuries | Dentistry
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15. Full Text Clinically relevant anatomy of high anterior cervical approach
by Haller, Justin M and Iwanik, Michael and Shen, Francis H
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 12/2011, Volume 36, Issue 25, pp. 2116 - 2121
Study Design. An anatomic study of anterior cervical dissection of 11 embalmed cadavers and measurement of structures relative to cervical spine. Objective. To... 
anterior cervical spine | hypoglossal nerve | superior laryngeal nerve | RETROODONTOID DISC HERNIA | RISK-FACTORS | LATERAL APPROACH | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | VOCAL FOLD PARALYSIS | RETROPHARYNGEAL APPROACH | SPINE SURGERY | OF-THE-LITERATURE | ORTHOPEDICS | TECHNICAL-CASE-REPORT | Spinal Fusion - methods | Humans | Middle Aged | Diskectomy - methods | Male | Cervical Vertebrae - surgery | Laryngeal Nerves - anatomy & histology | Larynx - blood supply | Thyroid Gland - blood supply | Aged, 80 and over | Arteries - anatomy & histology | Female | Aged | Cadaver | Cervical Vertebrae - anatomy & histology | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Index Medicus
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16. Full Text Carotid artery and lower cranial nerve exposure with increasing surgical complexity to the parapharyngeal space
by Lemos‐Rodriguez, Ana M and Sreenath, Satyan B and Rawal, Rounak B and Overton, Lewis J and Farzal, Zainab and Zanation, Adam M
The Laryngoscope, ISSN 0023-852X, 03/2017, Volume 127, Issue 3, pp. 585 - 591
Objectives/Hypothesis: To investigate the extent of carotid artery exposure attained, including the identification of the external carotid branches and lower... 
parapharyngeal space | lower cranial nerve | Internal carotid artery | external carotid artery | MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | MANAGEMENT | OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY | OSTEOTOMY | TUMORS | ACCESS | BASE | Humans | Pharynx - surgery | Carotid Artery, Internal - anatomy & histology | Skull Base - surgery | Neck Dissection - methods | Carotid Artery, External - anatomy & histology | Cranial Nerves - surgery | Feasibility Studies | Cranial Nerves - anatomy & histology | Anatomic Variation | Hypoglossal Nerve - surgery | Carotid Artery, External - surgery | Adult | Carotid Artery, Internal - surgery | Cadaver | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Pharynx - anatomy & histology | Carotid arteries | Index Medicus
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17. Full Text "Far-medial" expanded endonasal approach to the inferior third of the clivus: the transcondylar and transjugular tubercle approaches
by Morera, Victor A and Fernandez-Miranda, Juan C and Prevedello, Daniel M and Madhok, Ricky and Barges-Coll, Juan and Gardner, Paul and Carrau, Ricardo and Snyderman, Carl H and Rhoton Jr, Albert L and Kassam, Amin B
Neurosurgery, ISSN 0148-396X, 2010, Volume 66, Issue 6, pp. 211 - 220
OBJECTIVE: The endoscopic endonasal transclival approach is a valid alternative for treatment of lesions in the clivus. The major limitation of this approach... 
SURGERY | MENINGIOMAS | RESECTION | UPPER CERVICAL-SPINE | Condylectomy | ODONTOID PROCESS | Skull base tumor | Clivectomy | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Endoscopic | Endonasal | Vertebral Artery - surgery | Brain Stem - anatomy & histology | Humans | Occipital Bone - anatomy & histology | Endoscopy - methods | Jugular Veins - surgery | Neurosurgical Procedures - standards | Hypoglossal Nerve - surgery | Occipital Bone - surgery | Skull Base Neoplasms - surgery | Brain Stem - surgery | Cranial Fossa, Posterior - surgery | Jugular Veins - anatomy & histology | Hypoglossal Nerve - anatomy & histology | Dissection - methods | Cranial Fossa, Posterior - anatomy & histology | Intraoperative Complications - prevention & control | Intraoperative Complications - physiopathology | Nasal Cavity - surgery | Vertebral Artery - anatomy & histology | Intraoperative Complications - etiology | Craniotomy - methods | Skull Base Neoplasms - pathology | Neurosurgical Procedures - methods | Craniotomy - standards | Cadaver | Nasal Cavity - anatomy & histology | Index Medicus
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