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1. Full Text Is it possible to simulate physiologic loading conditions by applying pure moments? A comparison of in vivo and in vitro load components in an internal fixator
by Wilke, HJ and Rohlmann, A and Neller, S and Schultheiss, M and Bergmann, G and Graichen, F and Claes, LE
SPINE, ISSN 0362-2436, 03/2001, Volume 26, Issue 6, pp. 636 - 642
Study Design. Loads acting in an internal fixator measured in vitro under the application of pure moments such as those commonly used for implant testing and... 
SYSTEM | internal spinal fixator | in vitro testing | LUMBAR SPINE | IN-VIVO | DEVICE | spine | PATIENT | biomechanics | ORTHOPEDICS | load measurement | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Internal Fixators - standards | Spinal Fusion - methods | Movement - physiology | Humans | Range of Motion, Articular - physiology | Stress, Mechanical | Spine - surgery | Spine - physiology | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Spine - anatomy & histology | Weight-Bearing - physiology
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2. Full Text Growing rod fractures: Risk factors and opportunities for prevention
by Yang, Justin S and Sponseller, Paul D and Thompson, George H and Akbarnia, Behrooz A and Emans, John B and Yazici, Muharrem and Skaggs, David L and Shah, Suken A and Salari, Pooria and Poe-Kochert, Connie and Growing Spine Study Grp and Growing Spine Study Group
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 09/2011, Volume 36, Issue 20, pp. 1639 - 1644
Study Design. Review of a prospectively collected growing rod database. Objective. To define risk factors for and characterize the nature of growing rod... 
growing rods | early onset scoliosis | rod fracture | complications | INSTRUMENTATION | FUSION | ORTHOPEDICS | YOUNG-CHILDREN | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | SCOLIOSIS | Bone Nails - adverse effects | Spine - growth & development | Humans | Postoperative Complications - prevention & control | Child, Preschool | Male | Bone Nails - statistics & numerical data | Spinal Fusion - adverse effects | Prosthesis Failure | Prosthesis Implantation - adverse effects | Internal Fixators - adverse effects | Female | Retrospective Studies | Spine - pathology | Child | Databases, Factual | Internal Fixators - standards | Spinal Fusion - methods | Postoperative Complications - physiopathology | Prosthesis Implantation - instrumentation | Postoperative Complications - epidemiology | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Scoliosis - surgery | Prosthesis Implantation - methods | Spine - surgery | Bone Nails - standards
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3. Full Text Complications of thoracic pedicle screws in scoliosis treatment
by Di Silvestre, Mario and Parisini, Patrizio and Lolli, Francesco and Bakaloudis, Georgios
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 07/2007, Volume 32, Issue 15, pp. 1655 - 1661
Study Design. A retrospective study. Objective. To analyze complications with thoracic pedicle screws in scoliosis treatment at our Department over a 3-year... 
Thoracic pedicle screws | Complications | Scoliosis | Surgical treatment | INSERTION | SPINAL INSTRUMENTATION | complications | IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS | scoliosis | AORTIC INJURY | surgical treatment | DEFORMITIES | thoracic pedicle screws | SAFE | LUMBAR | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | ACCURACY | PLACEMENT | ORTHOPEDICS | FIXATION | Thoracic Vertebrae - physiopathology | Postoperative Complications - etiology | Humans | Middle Aged | Spinal Fractures - etiology | Postoperative Complications - prevention & control | Spinal Fusion - adverse effects | Bone Screws - adverse effects | Thoracic Vertebrae - surgery | Laminectomy - standards | Internal Fixators - adverse effects | Adult | Laminectomy - methods | Retrospective Studies | Pleural Effusion - etiology | Thoracic Vertebrae - pathology | Dura Mater - injuries | Child | Postoperative Complications - pathology | Internal Fixators - standards | Bone Screws - standards | Surgical Wound Infection - etiology | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Scoliosis - surgery | Adolescent
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4. Full Text Does Spanning a Lateral Lumbar Interbody Cage Across the Vertebral Ring Apophysis Increase Loads Required for Failure and Mitigate Endplate Violation
by Briski, David C and Goel, Vijay K and Waddell, Bradford S and Serhan, Hassan and Kodigudla, Manoj K and Palepu, Vivek and Agarwal, Anand K and Zavatsky, Joseph M
SPINE, ISSN 0362-2436, 10/2017, Volume 42, Issue 20, pp. E1158 - E1164
STUDY DESIGN.Randomized Biomechanical Cadaveric Study—Level II. OBJECTIVE.We aimed to elucidate that placing lateral lumbar interbody cages that span the... 
ring apophysis | biomechanical strength | cage subsidence | endplate violation | lateral lumbar interbody fusion cages | FUSION | ANTERIOR | ADULT DEGENERATIVE SCOLIOSIS | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | DISC DEGENERATION | PERIOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES | OUTCOMES | ORTHOPEDICS | Compressive Strength - physiology | Internal Fixators - standards | Bone Density - physiology | Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging | Humans | Middle Aged | Biomechanical Phenomena - physiology | Random Allocation | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Weight-Bearing - physiology | Lumbar Vertebrae - surgery | Internal Fixators - trends | Prosthesis Failure - trends | Sacrum - surgery | Sacrum - diagnostic imaging | Spinal Fusion - standards | Adult | Spinal Fusion - trends
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5. Full Text Angle Measurement Reproducibility Using EOS Three-Dimensional Reconstructions in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Treated by Posterior Instrumentation
by Ilharreborde, B and Steffen, JS and Nectoux, E and Vital, JM and Mazda, K and Skalli, W and Obeid, I
SPINE, ISSN 0362-2436, 09/2011, Volume 36, Issue 20, pp. E1306 - E1313
Study Design. A reproducibility study was conducted in preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional (3D) measurements for patients operated for adolescent... 
SAGITTAL SPINAL ALIGNMENT | scoliosis | vertebra | ERROR | ORTHOPEDICS | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | three-dimensional reconstruction | Internal Fixators - standards | Spinal Fusion - methods | Humans | Radiography - standards | Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods | Male | Imaging, Three-Dimensional - standards | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Scoliosis - surgery | Spine - diagnostic imaging | Radiography - methods | Adolescent | Female | Spine - surgery | Scoliosis - diagnostic imaging
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6. Full Text Autofusion in the immature spine treated with growing rods
by Cahill, Patrick J and Marvil, Sean and Cuddihy, Laury and Schutt, Corey and Idema, Jocelyn and Clements, David H and Antonacci, M. Darryl and Asghar, Jahangir and Samdani, Amer F and Betz, Randal R
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 10/2010, Volume 35, Issue 22, pp. E1199 - E1203
Study Design. Retrospective case review of skeletally immature patients treated with growing rods. Patients received an average of 9.6 years follow-up care.... 
autofusion | early onset scoliosis | growing rod | THORACIC INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROME | FUSION | IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS | EARLY-ONSET SCOLIOSIS | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS | SKELETAL-MUSCLE | FUSED RIBS | PROSTHETIC TITANIUM RIB | CONGENITAL SCOLIOSIS | ORTHOPEDICS | YOUNG-CHILDREN | Internal Fixators - standards | Spinal Fusion - methods | Postoperative Complications - etiology | Humans | Prosthesis Implantation - instrumentation | Child, Preschool | Male | Spinal Fusion - adverse effects | Scoliosis - pathology | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Radiography | Scoliosis - surgery | Scoliosis - complications | Spine - diagnostic imaging | Prosthesis Implantation - adverse effects | Internal Fixators - adverse effects | Adolescent | Female | Prosthesis Implantation - methods | Retrospective Studies | Spine - surgery | Spine - pathology | Child | Postoperative Complications - pathology
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7. Full Text The distribution of mineral density in the cervical vertebral endplates
by Müller-Gerbl, Magdalena and Weißer, Stefan and Linsenmeier, Ulrich
European Spine Journal, ISSN 0940-6719, 3/2008, Volume 17, Issue 3, pp. 432 - 438
Subsidence of various constructs into the vertebral body is a well-known complication in anterior fusion. Information on bone structure is needed, as a basis... 
Surgical Orthopedics | Neurosurgery | Cervical spine-endplate | Medicine & Public Health | Mineral density | CT-osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM) | JOINTS | COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH | COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY | INVIVO ASSESSMENT | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | mineral density | TRABECULAR BONE | SPINE | SUBCHONDRAL BONE | STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES | ORTHOPEDICS | LUMBAR INTERBODY FUSION | cervical spine-endplate | CT OSTEOABSORPTIOMETRY | Internal Fixators - standards | Bone Density - physiology | Cervical Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging | Humans | Middle Aged | Stress, Mechanical | Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods | Male | Spine - physiology | Intervertebral Disc - anatomy & histology | Spinal Fractures - physiopathology | Spine - anatomy & histology | Weight-Bearing - physiology | Cervical Vertebrae - physiology | Biomechanical Phenomena | Spine - diagnostic imaging | Spinal Fusion - standards | Absorptiometry, Photon - methods | Adult | Female | Intervertebral Disc - physiology | Cervical Vertebrae - anatomy & histology | Original
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8. Full Text Radiographic and clinical evaluation of cage subsidence after stand-alone lateral interbody fusion
by Marchi, Luis and Abdala, Nitamar and Oliveira, Leonardo and Amaral, Rodrigo and Coutinho, Etevaldo and Pimenta, Luiz
Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, ISSN 1547-5654, 07/2013, Volume 19, Issue 1, pp. 110 - 118
Indirect decompression of the neural structures through interbody distraction and fusion in the lumbar spine is feasible, but cage subsidence may limit... 
Lumbar fusion | Spine | Minimally invasive | XLIF | Arthrodesis | Complication | Spinal fusion | Internal Fixators - standards | Severity of Illness Index | Spinal Fusion - methods | Follow-Up Studies | Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging | Humans | Middle Aged | Risk Factors | Intervertebral Disc - surgery | Postoperative Period | Prosthesis Failure - adverse effects | Male | Treatment Outcome | Intervertebral Disc - diagnostic imaging | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Incidence | Radiography | Lumbar Vertebrae - surgery | Reoperation - methods | Decompression, Surgical - methods | Adult | Female | Aged | Cohort Studies
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9. Full Text Rod stiffness as a risk factor for proximal junctional kyphosis after adult spinal deformity surgery: Comparative study between cobalt chrome multiple-rod constructs and titanium alloy two-rod constructs
by Han, Sang Hyun, M.D and Hyun, Seung-Jae, M.D., Ph.D and Kim, Ki-Jeong, M.D., Ph.D and Jahng, Tae-Ahn, M.D., Ph.D and Lee, Subum, M.D and Rhim, Seung-Chul, M.D., PhD
Spine Journal, The, ISSN 1529-9430, 2017, Volume 17, Issue 7, pp. 962 - 968
Abstract Background Context Little is known about the effect of rod stiffness as a risk factor for proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) after adult spinal... 
Orthopedics | Titanium alloy | Cobalt chrome | Multiple-rod construct | Adult spinal deformity surgery | Two-rod construct | Proximal junctional kyphosis | SACRUM | ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS | PEDICLE SUBTRACTION OSTEOTOMY | SURGICAL-TREATMENT | FAILURE | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | FRACTURE | 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP | INSTRUMENTED FUSION | ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR SURGERY | ORTHOPEDICS | CLINICAL-OUTCOMES | Internal Fixators - standards | Osteotomy - adverse effects | Spinal Fusion - methods | Postoperative Complications - etiology | Titanium - adverse effects | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Postoperative Complications - epidemiology | Spinal Fusion - adverse effects | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Radiography | Sacrum - surgery | Internal Fixators - adverse effects | Kyphosis - surgery | Osteotomy - instrumentation | Sacrum - diagnostic imaging | Female | Aged | Prosthesis Failure - etiology | Chromium Alloys - adverse effects | Osteotomy - methods | Titanium alloys | Kyphosis | Risk factors | Nervous system | Comparative analysis | Surgery
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10. Full Text Comparison of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with the zero-profile device versus plate and cage in treating cervical degenerative disc disease: A meta-analysis
by Duan, Yuchen and Yang, Yunbei and Wang, Yayi and Liu, Hao and Hong, Ying and Gong, Quan and Song, Yueming
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, ISSN 0967-5868, 2016, Volume 33, pp. 11 - 18
Highlights • Zero-p implantation appears to be a safe and effective procedure. • Zero-p implantation has reduced incidence of dysphagia and increased... 
Neurology | Zero-p | Cervical degenerative disc disease | Plate and cage | Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion | Cervical spine | Internal Fixators - standards | Cervical Vertebrae - surgery | Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - surgery | Diskectomy - standards | Humans | Internal Fixators - adverse effects | Spinal Fusion - standards | Diskectomy - instrumentation | Spinal Fusion - adverse effects | Diskectomy - adverse effects | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation
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11. Full Text Os Odontoideum: Etiology and surgical management
by Arvin, Babak and Fournier-Gosselin, Marie Pierre and Fehlings, Michael G
Neurosurgery, ISSN 0148-396X, 2010, Volume 66, Issue SUPPL. 3, pp. A22 - A31
OBJECTIVE: Os odontoideum is an independent ossicle of variable size with smooth circumferential cortical margins separated from the foreshortened odontoid... 
Atlantoaxial instability | Occiptiocervical fusion | Os odontoineum | Atlantoaxial fusion | SURGERY | DIAGNOSIS | TRANSARTICULAR SCREW FIXATION | ABNORMALITIES | POSTERIOR ATLANTOAXIAL FIXATION | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION | ARTHRODESIS | AXIAL DISLOCATION | MYELOPATHY | FRACTURES | CERVICAL-SPINE SURGERY | Internal Fixators - standards | Spinal Fusion - methods | Atlanto-Axial Joint - injuries | Humans | Spinal Fractures - surgery | Decompression, Surgical - instrumentation | Joint Instability - pathology | Spinal Cord Compression - surgery | Atlanto-Axial Joint - surgery | Spinal Fractures - pathology | Spinal Cord Compression - physiopathology | Spinal Fractures - physiopathology | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Odontoid Process - surgery | Diagnostic Imaging - methods | Joint Instability - surgery | Braces | Internal Fixators - trends | Atlanto-Axial Joint - pathology | Decompression, Surgical - methods | Odontoid Process - injuries | Joint Instability - physiopathology | Odontoid Process - pathology | Spinal Cord Compression - prevention & control
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12. Full Text An anatomic study of the S2 iliac technique for lumbopelvic screw placement
by O'Brien, Joseph R and Yu, Warren D and Bhatnagar, Rishi and Sponseller, Paul and Kebaish, Khaled M
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 05/2009, Volume 34, Issue 12, pp. E439 - E442
Study Design. An anatomic study conducted on cadaveric specimens. Objectives. The objectives of the study were (1) to determine course of S2 lumbopelvic screws... 
Pedicle screw | Sacroiliac joint | Lumbopelvic fixation | Adult deformity | sacroiliac joint | pedicle screw | adult deformity | ORTHOPEDICS | lumbopelvic fixation | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Postoperative Complications - etiology | Sacroiliac Joint - anatomy & histology | Humans | Spinal Curvatures - pathology | Postoperative Complications - prevention & control | Fluoroscopy - methods | Male | Tomography, X-Ray Computed | Cartilage, Articular - anatomy & histology | Ilium - anatomy & histology | Spinal Fusion - adverse effects | Bone Screws - adverse effects | Lumbar Vertebrae - surgery | Ilium - diagnostic imaging | Pseudarthrosis - etiology | Sacrum - surgery | Ilium - surgery | Internal Fixators - adverse effects | Sacrum - anatomy & histology | Sacrum - diagnostic imaging | Monitoring, Intraoperative - methods | Female | Internal Fixators - standards | Spinal Curvatures - surgery | Spinal Fusion - methods | Postoperative Complications - physiopathology | Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging | Bone Screws - standards | Intraoperative Complications - prevention & control | Pseudarthrosis - prevention & control | Intraoperative Complications - physiopathology | Lumbar Vertebrae - anatomy & histology | Spinal Curvatures - diagnostic imaging | Pseudarthrosis - physiopathology | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Intraoperative Complications - etiology | Cartilage, Articular - surgery | Sacroiliac Joint - surgery | Cadaver | Sacroiliac Joint - diagnostic imaging
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13. Full Text Lordosis Recreation in Transforaminal and Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Cadaveric Study of the Influence of Surgical Bone Resection and Cage Angle
by Robertson, Peter A and Armstrong, William A and Woods, Daniel L and Rawlinson, Jeremy J
SPINE, ISSN 0362-2436, 11/2018, Volume 43, Issue 22, pp. E1350 - E1357
STUDY DESIGN.Controlled cadaveric study of surgical technique in transforaminal and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF and PLIF) OBJECTIVE.To evaluate the... 
SAGITTAL ALIGNMENT | ANTERIOR | transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion | lordotic cages | SIZE | cadaveric testing | CLASSIFICATION | RESTORATION | posterior lumbar interbody fusion | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | interbody cages | lordosis | SPINE | radiographic analysis | ADJACENT SEGMENT DEGENERATION | lumbar spine surgery | PELVIS | hyperlordotic cages | ORTHOPEDICS | Internal Fixators - standards | Lordosis - surgery | Spinal Fusion - methods | Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Lumbar Vertebrae - surgery | Spinal Fusion - standards | Female | Lordosis - diagnostic imaging | Aged | Cadaver | Lordosis | Care and treatment | Methods | Spinal fusion
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14. Full Text Is a helical shaped implant a superior alternative to the Dynamic Hip Screw for unstable femoral neck fractures? A biomechanical investigation
by Windolf, Markus and Braunstein, Volker and Dutoit, Christof and Schwieger, Karsten
Clinical Biomechanics, ISSN 0268-0033, 2008, Volume 24, Issue 1, pp. 59 - 64
Abstract Background The Dynamic Hip Screw is well established for the treatment of femoral neck fractures. However, cut-out occurs in 1–6% of all cases. This... 
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | Femoral neck fracture | Osteoporosis | Cut-out | Helical blade | Spiral blade | Dynamic Hip Screw | FIXATION NAIL | SPORT SCIENCES | AUGMENTATION | ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL | ARTHROPLASTY | STRENGTH | BONE COMPACTION | DENSITY | TROCHANTERIC FRACTURES | COMPLICATIONS | PROXIMAL FEMUR | ORTHOPEDICS | Internal Fixators - standards | Femur Head - pathology | Femoral Neck Fractures - surgery | Humans | Bone Screws - adverse effects | Compressive Strength | Biomechanical Phenomena | Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary - methods | Prosthesis Failure | Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary - standards | Internal Fixators - adverse effects | Weight-Bearing | Bone Plates - adverse effects | Equipment Failure Analysis | Analysis | Investigations
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15. Full Text Craniovertebral junction: Biomechanical considerations
by Steinmetz, Michael P and Mroz, Thomas E and Benzel, Edward C
Neurosurgery, ISSN 0148-396X, 03/2010, Volume 66, Issue 3, pp. A7 - A12
THE CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION is a complex region that incorporates the occiput-C1-C2 portions of the spine. It is a transition between the cranium and the... 
Biomechanics | Instrumentation | Occipitocervical | Craniovertebral | Spine | ROTATION | SURGERY | TRANSARTICULAR SCREW FIXATION | COMPLEX | ALAR | OCCIPITOCERVICAL FIXATION | UPPER CERVICAL-SPINE | STABILITY | MECHANISMS | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | ANATOMY | LIGAMENTS | Internal Fixators - standards | Spinal Fusion - methods | Ligaments - surgery | Spinal Diseases - surgery | Joint Instability - diagnostic imaging | Humans | Joint Instability - pathology | Biomechanical Phenomena - physiology | Head Movements - physiology | Atlanto-Axial Joint - surgery | Spinal Diseases - pathology | Atlanto-Axial Joint - physiology | Ligaments - physiology | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Joint Instability - surgery | Radiography | Atlanto-Axial Joint - anatomy & histology | Internal Fixators - trends | Ligaments - anatomy & histology | Atlanto-Occipital Joint - anatomy & histology | Range of Motion, Articular - physiology | Spinal Diseases - diagnostic imaging | Atlanto-Occipital Joint - surgery | Atlanto-Occipital Joint - physiology
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16. Full Text Basilar Invagination
by Smith, Justin S and Shaffrey, Christopher I and Abel, Mark F and Menezes, Arnold H
Neurosurgery, ISSN 0148-396X, 03/2010, Volume 66, Issue suppl_3, pp. A39 - A47
Abstract BACKGROUND Basilar invagination is a developmental anomaly of the craniovertebral junction in which the odontoid abnormally prolapses into the foramen... 
Basilar invagination | Odontoid | Transoral | Congenital | Surgery | Cervical spine | Chiari malformation | CERVICOMEDULLARY COMPRESSION | CRANIOCERVICAL JUNCTION | ATLANTOAXIAL JOINT DISTRACTION | CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION | TRANSORAL SURGERY | CERVICAL-SPINE | OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA | TONGUE-SPLITTING APPROACH | Humans | Decompression, Surgical - instrumentation | Child, Preschool | Male | Odontoid Process - abnormalities | Craniofacial Abnormalities - surgery | Craniofacial Abnormalities - physiopathology | Syringomyelia - pathology | Occipital Bone - surgery | Brain Stem - pathology | Bone Transplantation - trends | Adult | Craniofacial Abnormalities - pathology | Female | Odontoid Process - pathology | Syringomyelia - surgery | Internal Fixators - standards | Brain Stem - abnormalities | Occipital Bone - abnormalities | Spinal Fusion - methods | Syringomyelia - physiopathology | Occipital Bone - pathology | Spinal Fusion - instrumentation | Odontoid Process - surgery | Arnold-Chiari Malformation - surgery | Arnold-Chiari Malformation - physiopathology | Internal Fixators - trends | Adolescent | Arnold-Chiari Malformation - pathology | Decompression, Surgical - methods | Brain Stem - physiopathology | Bone Transplantation - methods
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