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1. Degenerative disc disease
2004, ISBN 0781750733, xv, 336
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2. Full Text Pharmacological enhancement of disc diffusion and differentiation of healthy, ageing and degenerated discs
: Results from in-vivo serial post-contrast MRI studies in 365 human lumbar discs
by Rajasekaran, S and Venkatadass, K and Naresh Babu, J and Ganesh, K and Shetty, Ajoy P
European Spine Journal, ISSN 0940-6719, 5/2008, Volume 17, Issue 5, pp. 626 - 643
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is still a poorly understood phenomenon because of the lack of availability of precise definition of healthy, ageing and... 
Surgical Orthopedics | Medicine & Public Health | Nimodipine | Disc degeneration | Post-contrast diffusion | Ageing | Neurosurgery | End plate | Prospective Studies | Humans | Middle Aged | Aging - drug effects | Calcium Channel Blockers - therapeutic use | Male | Nimodipine - pharmacology | Adult | Female | Intervertebral Disc - pathology | Intervertebral Disc Displacement - drug therapy | Child | Lumbar Vertebrae - metabolism | Intervertebral Disc Displacement - metabolism | Intervertebral Disc Displacement - pathology | Intervertebral Disc - metabolism | Lumbar Vertebrae - drug effects | Calcium Channel Blockers - pharmacology | Diffusion - drug effects | Aging - pathology | Nimodipine - therapeutic use | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Contrast Media | Adolescent | Intervertebral Disc - drug effects | Lumbar Vertebrae - pathology | Aging - metabolism | Gadolinium DTPA | Index Medicus | Original
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3. Full Text Comparison of animal discs used in disc research to human lumbar disc: Torsion mechanics and collagen content
by Showalter, Brent L and Beckstein, Jesse C and Martin, John T and Beattie, Elizabeth E and Orías, Alejandro A. Espinoza and Schaer, Thomas P and Vresilovic, Edward J and Elliott, Dawn M
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 07/2012, Volume 37, Issue 15, pp. E900 - E907
Study Design. Experimental measurement and normalization of in vitro disc torsion mechanics and collagen content for several animal species used in... 
collagen | intervertebral disc | biomechanics | animal model | torsion | MOTION SEGMENTS | INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS | MODEL | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | AXIAL ROTATION | PULPOSUS GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN CONTENT | ANATOMY | PAIN | SPINE | IN-VIVO | ORTHOPEDICS | RAT DISC | Goats | Species Specificity | Humans | Male | Torsion, Mechanical | Young Adult | Cattle | Swine | Adult | Biomedical Research - methods | Female | Models, Animal | Rabbits | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Rats | Intervertebral Disc - metabolism | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Compressive Strength | Papio | Collagen - metabolism | Biomechanical Phenomena | Animals | Sheep | Mice | Lumbar Vertebrae | Intervertebral Disc - physiology | Index Medicus | Intervertebral disc
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4. Lumbar disk herniation
by Gunzburg, Robert and Szpalski, Marek
2002, ISBN 9780781736008, xiii, 300
Hernia | Lumbar vertebrae | Wounds and injuries | Intervertebral disk
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5. Full Text A prospective, randomized, multicenter Food and Drug Administration Investigational Device Exemptions study of lumbar total disc replacement with the CHARITÉ™ artificial disc versus lumbar fusion - Part I: Evaluation of clinical outcomes
by Blumenthal, Scott and McAfee, Paul C and Guyer, Richard D and Hochschuler, Stephen H and Geisler, Fred H and Holt, Richard T and Garcia Jr, Rolando and Regan, John J and Ohnmeiss, Donna D
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 07/2005, Volume 30, Issue 14, pp. 1565 - 1575
Study Design. A prospective, randomized, multicenter, Food and Drug Administration-regulated Investigational Device Exemption clinical trial. Objectives. The... 
Lumbar fusion | Randomized study | Total disc replacement | Artificial disc | IDE trial | Lumbar spine | lumbar fusion | UNITED-STATES | total disc replacement | artificial disc | lumbar spine | INTERVERTEBRAL DISC | MODEL | ORTHOPEDICS | PROSTHESIS | randomized study | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Prospective Studies | Follow-Up Studies | United States | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Spinal Fusion | Prosthesis Design | Patient Satisfaction | Lumbar Vertebrae - surgery | Employment | Adult | Female | Intervertebral Disc Displacement - diagnostic imaging | United States Food and Drug Administration | Disability Evaluation | Intervertebral Disc | Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging | Prostheses and Implants | Treatment Outcome | Low Back Pain - surgery | Low Back Pain - drug therapy | Radiography | Narcotics - administration & dosage | Intervertebral Disc Displacement - surgery | Pain Measurement | Index Medicus
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6. Full Text Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells embedded in Atelocollagen ® gel to the intervertebral disc: a potential therapeutic model for disc degeneration
by Sakai, Daisuke and Mochida, Joji and Yamamoto, Yukihiro and Nomura, Takeshi and Okuma, Masahiko and Nishimura, Kazuhiro and Nakai, Tomoko and Ando, Kiyoshi and Hotta, Tomomitsu
Biomaterials, ISSN 0142-9612, 2003, Volume 24, Issue 20, pp. 3531 - 3541
Intervertebral disc degeneration is considered to be one of the major causes of low back pain. Despite this irreversible phenomenon, attempts to decelerate... 
Atelocollagen | Tissue engineering | Intervertebral disc | Cell transplantation | Mesenchymal stem cells | intervertebral disc | tissue engineering | MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS | ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL | MEDIATED GENE-TRANSFER | CULTURE SYSTEM | ADENOVIRUS | Atelocollagen((R)) | cell transplantation | LUMBAR-SPINE | IN-VITRO | REPAIR | NUCLEUS PULPOSUS CELLS | ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE | mesenchymal stem cells | GROWTH | EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX | Intervertebral Disc - cytology | Rabbits | Drug Carriers - metabolism | Humans | Cells, Cultured | Intervertebral Disc Displacement - pathology | Cell Transplantation | Materials Testing | Intervertebral Disc - metabolism | Stem Cells - cytology | Mesoderm - cytology | Collagen - metabolism | Animals | Biomarkers | Biocompatible Materials | Intervertebral Disc Displacement - therapy | Stem Cells - physiology | Cell Differentiation | Lumbar Vertebrae | Intervertebral Disc - pathology | Index Medicus
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7. Full Text A comparison of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion combined with cervical disc arthroplasty and cervical disc arthroplasty for the treatment of skip-level cervical degenerative disc disease A retrospective study
by Wu, TK and Wang, BY and Deng, MD and Hong, Y and Rong, X and Chen, H and Meng, Y and Liu, H
MEDICINE, ISSN 0025-7974, 10/2017, Volume 96, Issue 41, pp. e8112 - e8112
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been widely performed for the treatment of multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD). In recent... 
skip-level cervical degenerative disc disease | 2 NONCONTIGUOUS LEVELS | FOLLOW-UP | ADJACENT | ALONE ANCHORED SPACER | REPLACEMENT | radiographic changes | MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | INTERMEDIATE SEGMENT | CAGE FUSION | intermediated segment | SINGLE-LEVEL | cervical discectomy and fusion | 2-LEVEL | MYELOPATHY | cervical disc arthroplasty | hybrid surgery | Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - diagnosis | Humans | Middle Aged | Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods | Diskectomy - methods | Male | Spinal Fusion - adverse effects | Neck Pain - surgery | Arthroplasty - adverse effects | Range of Motion, Articular | Adult | Female | Retrospective Studies | Spinal Fusion - methods | Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - epidemiology | Cervical Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging | Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - surgery | China - epidemiology | Neck Pain - etiology | Neck Pain - diagnosis | Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - complications | Cervical Vertebrae - surgery | Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) | Neck Pain - physiopathology | Perioperative Care - methods | Pain Measurement | Diskectomy - adverse effects | Arthroplasty - methods | Index Medicus | Abridged Index Medicus
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8. Full Text Senescence in cells of the aging and degenerating intervertebral disc: Immunolocalization of senescence-associated β-galactosidase in human and sand rat discs
by Gruber, Helen E and Ingram, Jane A and Norton, H. James and Hanley Jr, Edward N
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 02/2007, Volume 32, Issue 3, pp. 321 - 327
Study Design. Human intervertebral disc anulus tissue was obtained in a prospective study of cell senescence. Localization of the senescence biomarker... 
Disc degeneration | Cell senescence | Intervertebral disc | PATHWAYS | intervertebral disc | CHONDROCYTE SENESCENCE | MODEL | CELLULAR SENESCENCE | FIBROBLASTS | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | REPLICATIVE SENESCENCE | SPINE | GENE-EXPRESSION | disc degeneration | OSTEOARTHRITIS | BONE | ORTHOPEDICS | cell senescence | Biomarkers - metabolism | Immunohistochemistry | Humans | Middle Aged | Spinal Diseases - enzymology | Cellular Senescence - physiology | Rats | Male | Spinal Diseases - pathology | Animals | Gerbillinae | Adolescent | beta-Galactosidase - metabolism | Adult | Female | Aged | Intervertebral Disc - pathology | Biomarkers - chemistry | Intervertebral Disc - enzymology | Aging - metabolism | Index Medicus
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9. Full Text Computational pharmacokinetics of solute penetration into human intervertebral discs—Effects of endplate permeability, solute molecular weight and disc size
by Motaghinasab, S and Shirazi-Adl, A and Urban, J.P.G and Parnianpour, M
Journal of Biomechanics, ISSN 0021-9290, 2012, Volume 45, Issue 13, pp. 2195 - 2202
Abstract A finite element model is developed to predict the penetration time-history of three different solutes into the human lumbar disc following... 
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | Cephazolin | Disc size | Intervertebral disc | Endplate | Diffusion | Molecular weight | Finite element | FLUID-FLOW | ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL | DEGENERATION | TRANSPORT | BIOPHYSICS | IN-VIVO | NUTRITION | ANNULUS FIBROSUS | CEFOTETAN DISODIUM | ISSLS PRIZE WINNER | NEEDLE PUNCTURE | Animals | Intervertebral Disc - physiopathology | Biological Transport | Models, Biological | Computer Simulation | Humans | Intervertebral Disc - metabolism | Pharmacokinetics | Permeability | Mechanical engineering | Health aspects | Analysis | Studies | Antibiotics | Drug dosages | Index Medicus | Human | Discs | Penetration | Computation | Disks | Mathematical models | Streams
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10. Full Text Inflammaging determines health and disease in lumbar discs-evidence from differing proteomic signatures of healthy, aging, and degenerating discs
by Rajasekaran, S and Tangavel, Chitraa and K S, Sri Vijay Anand and Soundararajan, Dilip Chand Raja and Nayagam, Sharon Miracle and Matchado, Monica Steffi and Raveendran, M and Shetty, Ajoy Prasad and Kanna, Rishi Mugesh and Dharmalingam, K
The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society, ISSN 1529-9430, 05/2019
The true understanding of aging and disc degeneration (DD) is still elusive. MRI has not helped our attempts to understand the health and disease status of the... 
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11. Full Text ISSLS prize winner: A study of effects of in vivo mechanical forces on human lumbar discs with scoliotic disc as a biological model: Results from serial postcontrast diffusion studies, histopathology and biochemical analysis of twenty-one human lumbar scoliotic discs
by Rajasekaran, S and Vidyadhara, S and Subbiah, M and Kamath, Vijay and Karunanithi, R and Shetty, Ajoy Prasad and Venkateswaran, Krishna and Babu, Mary and Meenakshi, J
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 10/2010, Volume 35, Issue 21, pp. 1930 - 1943
Study Design. A comprehensive study of 21 lumbar scoliotic discs by in vivo serial post contrast diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histopathological,... 
post-contrast diffusion | disc degeneration | mechanical stress | scoliotic disc | endplate | NUCLEUS PULPOSUS | MATRIX SYNTHESIS | LOW-BACK-PAIN | HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE | ANTERIOR INSTRUMENTATION | ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | CELL-DEATH | SPINAL-FUSION | CARTILAGE END-PLATE | INTERVERTEBRAL DISC | ORTHOPEDICS | Intervertebral Disc - physiopathology | Humans | Intervertebral Disc - chemistry | Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods | Stress, Mechanical | Biomechanical Phenomena - physiology | Lumbar Vertebrae - chemistry | Male | Scoliosis - metabolism | Scoliosis - pathology | Contrast Media | Adolescent | Female | Lumbar Vertebrae - pathology | Intervertebral Disc - pathology | Child | Cell Survival - physiology | Lumbar Vertebrae - physiopathology | Models, Anatomic | Scoliosis - diagnosis | Index Medicus
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12. Full Text Predictability of severity of disc degeneration and disc protrusion using horizontal displacement of cervical dynamic radiographs: A retrospective comparison study with MRI
by Kim, Chul-Hyun and Kim, Chul-Hyun and Hwang, Jong Moon and Hwang, Jong Moon and Park, Jin-Sung and Park, Jin-Sung and Han, Seungwoo and Han, Seungwoo and Park, Donghwi and Park, Donghwi
Medicine, ISSN 0025-7974, 06/2018, Volume 97, Issue 25, pp. e11098 - e11098
The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of flexion-extension (dynamic) radiographs in evaluating the severity of disc degeneration and disc... 
magnetic resonance image | disc degeneration | dynamic X-ray | cervical radiograph | POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT | BLOCK | PREVALENCE | MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | SPINE | FLEXION | DECOMPRESSION | EXTENSION RADIOGRAPHS | MYELOPATHY | UTILITY | Severity of Illness Index | Cervical Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging | Humans | Middle Aged | Intervertebral Disc Displacement - pathology | Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - diagnostic imaging | Male | Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - pathology | Young Adult | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Radiography - methods | Cervical Vertebrae - pathology | Adult | Female | Aged | Retrospective Studies | Intervertebral Disc Displacement - diagnostic imaging | Central nervous system diseases | Degeneration (Pathology) | Care and treatment | Diagnosis | Index Medicus | Abridged Index Medicus
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13. Full Text Lumbar disc arthroplasty with MAVERICK disc versus stand-alone interbody fusion: A prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter investigational device exemption trial
by Gornet, Matthew F and Burkus, J. Kenneth and Dryer, Randall F and Peloza, John H
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 12/2011, Volume 36, Issue 25, pp. E1600 - E1611
Study Design. Randomized, controlled, multicenter, investigational device exemption trial. Objective. To investigate the safety and effectiveness of the first... 
rhBMP-2 | degenerative disc disease | total disc replacement | two-piece metal-on-metal lumbar disc prosthesis | MAVERICK Disc | lumbar disc arthroplasty | adjacent segment disease | CHARITE(TM) ARTIFICIAL DISC | LOW-BACK-PAIN | CLINICAL-TRIAL | CLASSIFICATION | CIRCUMFERENTIAL FUSION | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | REPLACEMENT | PART | ORTHOPEDICS | METAL-ON-METAL | RADIOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES | Pain, Postoperative - etiology | Intervertebral Disc - physiopathology | Prospective Studies | Follow-Up Studies | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - physiopathology | Spinal Fusion - adverse effects | Young Adult | Arthroplasty - adverse effects | Lumbar Vertebrae - surgery | Time Factors | Range of Motion, Articular | Adult | Female | Surveys and Questionnaires | Lumbar Vertebrae - physiopathology | Spinal Fusion - methods | Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - surgery | Intervertebral Disc - surgery | Prostheses and Implants | Treatment Outcome | Adolescent | Aged | Pain Measurement | Pain, Postoperative - physiopathology | Arthroplasty - methods | Index Medicus
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14. Full Text A prospective randomized multicenter phase I/II clinical trial to evaluate safety and efficacy of NOVOCART disk plus autologous disk chondrocyte transplantation in the treatment of nucleotomized and degenerative lumbar disks to avoid secondary disease: safety results of Phase I—a short report
by Tschugg, Anja and Diepers, Michael and Simone, Steinert and Michnacs, Felix and Quirbach, Sebastian and Strowitzki, Martin and Meisel, Hans Jörg and Thomé, Claudius
Neurosurgical Review, ISSN 0344-5607, 1/2017, Volume 40, Issue 1, pp. 155 - 162
NOVOCART® Disk plus, an autologous cell compound for autologous disk chondrocyte transplantation, was developed to reduce the degenerative sequel after lumbar... 
Autologous disk chondrocyte transplantation | Degenerative disk disease | Lumbar back pain | Neurosurgery | Medicine & Public Health | Sequestrectomy | SURGERY | CELLS | FUSION | LOW-BACK-PAIN | PREVENTION | HERNIATION | MODEL | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | SPINE | MICRODISCECTOMY | Prospective Studies | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Treatment Outcome | Transplantation, Autologous - methods | Chondrocytes - transplantation | Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - therapy | Young Adult | Adolescent | Adult | Female | Lumbosacral Region - surgery | Intervertebral Disc Displacement - surgery | Clinical trials | Product development | Tissue engineering | Backache | Emergency medical services | Index Medicus | Original
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