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1. Helplessness
: on depression, development, and death
by Seligman, Martin E. P
1975, Series of books in psychology., ISBN 0716707519, xv, 250
Helplessness (Psychology) | Depression, Mental
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2. Human learned helplessness
: a coping perspective
by Mikulincer, Mario
1994, Plenum series in social/clinical psychology, ISBN 9780306447433, xi, 311
Helplessness (Psychology)
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3. Learned helplessness
: a theory for the age of personal control
by Peterson, Christopher and Maier, Steven F and Seligman, Martin E. P
1993, ISBN 9780195044669, xi, 359
Experiences with uncontrollable events may lead to the expectation that future events will elude control, resulting in disruptions in motivation, emotion, and... 
Helplessness (Psychology) | Psychology, Pathological | Locus of control | Physical Environment | Helplessness | Control (Social Behavior) | Emotional Problems | Social Environment | Depression (Psychology) | Individual Power | Apathy | Attribution Theory | Social Behavior | Psychological Patterns | Inhibition | Failure
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4. Full Text Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience
by Maier, Steven F and Seligman, Martin E.P
Psychological Review, ISSN 0033-295X, 07/2016, Volume 123, Issue 4, pp. 1 - 19
Learned helplessness, the failure to escape shock induced by uncontrollable aversive events, was discovered half a century ago. Seligman and Maier (1967)... 
Depression | Learned helplessness | Ventromedial prefrontal cortex | Dorsal raphe nucleus | Hope | ENHANCED CONDITIONED FEAR | SUBSEQUENT ESCAPE | UNCONTROLLABLE STRESSOR | hope | STRESSOR CONTROLLABILITY | BEHAVIORAL-CONTROL | PSYCHOLOGY | dorsal raphe nucleus | INESCAPABLE SHOCK | PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS | learned helplessness | ventromedial prefrontal cortex | MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX | depression | IMPAIRED ESCAPE PERFORMANCE | Dorsal Raphe Nucleus - physiopathology | Amygdala - physiopathology | Avoidance Learning | Pituitary-Adrenal System | Humans | Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology | Amygdala - metabolism | Anxiety - physiopathology | Learning | Animals | Dorsal Raphe Nucleus - metabolism | Serotonin - metabolism | Prefrontal Cortex - metabolism | Psychological Theory | Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System | Anxiety - metabolism | Helplessness, Learned | Helplessness (Psychology) | Neurosciences | Analysis | Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex | Learned Helplessness
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5. Full Text Synaptic potentiation onto habenula neurons in the learned helplessness model of depression
by Li, Bo and Piriz, Joaquin and Mirrione, Martine and Chung, Chihye and Proulx, Christophe D and Schulz, Daniela and Henn, Fritz and Malinow, Roberto and BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY (BNL)
Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, 02/2011, Volume 470, Issue 7335, pp. 535 - 541
The cellular basis of depressive disorders is poorly understood(1). Recent studies in monkeys indicate that neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb), a nucleus... 
RESPONSES | TRYPTOPHAN DEPLETION | STIMULATION | RAT | BEHAVIOR | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | MIDBRAIN DOPAMINE NEURONS | LATERAL HABENULA | ANIMAL-MODEL | DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS | STRESS | Depression - physiopathology | Avoidance Learning | Electric Stimulation | Thalamus - metabolism | Depression - pathology | Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques | Rats | Male | Thalamus - pathology | Ventral Tegmental Area - physiology | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Synaptic Transmission | Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - physiology | Animals | Synapses - metabolism | Deep Brain Stimulation | Presynaptic Terminals - metabolism | Neurons - metabolism | Models, Neurological | Reward | Depression - therapy | Dopamine - metabolism | Helplessness, Learned | Disease Models, Animal | Physiological aspects | Models | Observations | Neurons | Depression, Mental | Synapses | Proteins | Swimming | Breeding of animals | Rodents | ANIMALS | RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY | PATIENTS | RODENTS | COMMUNICATIONS | habenula neurons | models of depression | PROBABILITY | BIOLOGICAL MODELS | helplessness | MONKEYS | synaptic potentiation | BRAIN | NERVE CELLS
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6. Full Text Opposite monosynaptic scaling of BLP-vCA1 inputs governs hopefulness-and helplessness-modulated spatial learning and memory
by Yang, Ying and Wang, Zhi-Hao and Jin, Sen and Gao, Di and Liu, Nan and Chen, Shan-Ping and Zhang, Sinan and Liu, Qing and Liu, Enjie and Wang, Xin and Liang, Xiao and Wei, Pengfei and Li, Xiaoguang and Li, Yin and Yue, Chenyu and Li, Hong-Lian and Wang, Ya-Li and Wang, Qun and Ke, Dan and Xie, Qingguo and Xu, Fuqiang and Wang, Liping and Wang, Jian-Zhi
Nature Communications, ISSN 2041-1723, 07/2016, Volume 7, Issue 1, p. 11935
Different emotional states lead to distinct behavioural consequences even when faced with the same challenging events. Emotions affect learning and memory... 
FEAR | DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS | ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | IN-VIVO | LONG-TERM POTENTIATION | DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS | HIPPOCAMPAL-FORMATION | STRESS | PROJECTIONS | AMYGDALA | CA1 Region, Hippocampal - physiology | Synapses - physiology | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Male | Mice, Transgenic | Spatial Learning - physiology | Animals | Neuronal Plasticity - physiology | Basolateral Nuclear Complex - physiology | Models, Neurological | Helplessness, Learned | Hope | Memory - physiology
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7. Full Text MicroRNA expression in rat brain exposed to repeated inescapable shock: differential alterations in learned helplessness vs. non-learned helplessness
by Smalheiser, Neil R and Lugli, Giovanni and Rizavi, Hooriyah S and Zhang, Hui and Torvik, Vetle I and Pandey, Ghanshyam N and Davis, John M and Dwivedi, Yogesh
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, ISSN 1461-1457, 11/2011, Volume 14, Issue 10, pp. 1315 - 1325
MicroRNA (miRNA) expression was measured within frontal cortex of male Holtzman rats subjected to repeated inescapable shocks at days 1 and 7, tested for... 
rat brain | Depression | microRNA | learned helplessness | gene expression | SINGLE | PSYCHIATRY | BEHAVIOR | DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE | MAJOR DEPRESSION | MODEL | NEUROSCIENCES | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSION | CREB | GENE-EXPRESSION | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | Frontal Lobe - metabolism | Gene Expression Regulation | Rats | Male | MicroRNAs - metabolism | Reaction Time | Gene Expression Profiling | Depression - genetics | Gene Regulatory Networks | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Cerebral Cortex - metabolism | Behavior, Animal | Depression - etiology | Animals | Escape Reaction | Time Factors | Depression - psychology | Transcription, Genetic | Electroshock | Helplessness, Learned | Disease Models, Animal | Studies | Genotype & phenotype | Gene expression | Rodents | Binding sites
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8. Full Text The Medusa and the helplessness
by Roucaut, FX
ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES, ISSN 0003-4487, 10/2019, Volume 177, Issue 8, pp. 839 - 841
Gericault made his masterpiece, The Raft of the Medusa, in order to illustrate a tragedy of his time and to call to the mind of his contemporaries the perils... 
Martin Seligman | Learned helplessness | PSYCHIATRY | Posttraumatic stress disorder | History | Melancholy | ESCAPE | PSYCHOLOGY | Gericault | Painting
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9. Psychological perspectives of helplessness and control in the elderly
by Fry, Prem S
1989, Advances in psychology, ISBN 9780444705464, Volume 57., xxxi, 442
Psychological aspects | Control (Psychology) in old age | Aging | Helplessness (Psychology) in old age | Older people | Psychology
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10. Full Text Differential levels of brain amino acids in rat models presenting learned helplessness or non-learned helplessness
by Muneoka, Katsumasa and Shirayama, Yukihiko and Horio, Mao and Iyo, Masaomi and Hashimoto, Kenji
Psychopharmacology, ISSN 0033-3158, 9/2013, Volume 229, Issue 1, pp. 63 - 71
Glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic abnormalities have recently been proposed to contribute to depression. The learned helplessness (LH) paradigm... 
Animal model | Neurosciences | Depression | Glutamate | Resilience | Nucleus accumbens | Biomedicine | Learned helplessness | GABA | Pharmacology/Toxicology | Psychiatry | Hippocampus | Glutamine | ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX | DEPRESSED-PATIENTS | PSYCHIATRY | ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT | NEUROTRANSMITTER GLUTAMATE | NEUROSCIENCES | PREFRONTAL CORTEX | MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY | GLUCOSE-METABOLISM | IN-VIVO | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | GABA CONCENTRATIONS | GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID | Brain - metabolism | Amino Acids - metabolism | Animals | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism | Glutamine - metabolism | Rats | Male | Models, Animal | Glutamic Acid - metabolism | Random Allocation | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Helplessness, Learned | Psychological aspects | Brain | Depression, Mental | Physiological aspects | Helplessness (Psychology) | Amino acids | Research | Biological psychiatry | Mental depression | Psychopathology | Psychopharmacology
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11. Full Text Learned helplessness moderates the relationship between environmental concern and behavior
by Landry, Nicholas and Gifford, Robert and Milfont, Taciano L and Weeks, Andrew and Arnocky, Steven
Journal of Environmental Psychology, ISSN 0272-4944, 02/2018, Volume 55, pp. 18 - 22
Many concerned individuals refrain from meaningful pro-environmental actions. We examined whether self-reported levels of trait learned helplessness moderates... 
Pro-environmental behavior | Learned helplessness | Environmental concern | PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | SELF-EFFICACY | BARRIERS | ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES | CULTURE
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12. Full Text Inescapable stress changes walking behavior in flies - Learned helplessness revisited
by Batsching, Sophie and Wolf, Reinhard and Heisenberg, Martin
PLoS ONE, ISSN 1932-6203, 11/2016, Volume 11, Issue 11, p. e0167066
Like other animals flies develop a state of learned helplessness in response to unescapable aversive events. To show this, two flies, one 'master', one... 
DEPRESSION | SHOCK | DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER | ANXIETY | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | PARADIGM | Behavior, Animal | Learning | Walking | Animals | Escape Reaction | Stress, Physiological | Drosophila melanogaster | Animal behavior | Behavior | Neurosciences | Heat pulses | Experiments | Boxes | Heat | Learned helplessness | Insects | Escape behavior | Anxieties | Social isolation | Physiology | Flies | Food
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13. Full Text Alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its precursor proBDNF in the brain regions of a learned helplessness rat model and the antidepressant effects of a TrkB agonist and antagonist
by Shirayama, Yukihiko and Yang, Chun and Zhang, Ji-chun and Ren, Qian and Yao, Wei and Hashimoto, Kenji
European Neuropsychopharmacology, ISSN 0924-977X, 2015, Volume 25, Issue 12, pp. 2449 - 2458
Abstract Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB signaling in a learned helplessness (LH) model of depression was investigated. LH rats showed a... 
Internal Medicine | Psychiatry | Nucleus accumbens | Prelimbic cortex | proBDNF | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor | Infralimbic cortex | Hippocampus | ProBDNF | DEPRESSION | PSYCHIATRY | RECEPTOR | SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY | NEUROSCIENCES | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS | MOOD DISORDERS | 7,8-DIHYDROXYFLAVONE | SOCIAL DEFEAT | MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | MICE | Pre limbic cortex | EXTINCTION | Stress, Psychological - drug therapy | Rats | Male | Receptor, trkB - agonists | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Protein Precursors - metabolism | Azepines - pharmacology | Brain - drug effects | Brain - metabolism | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Animals | Analysis of Variance | Time Factors | Stress, Psychological - metabolism | Receptor, trkB - antagonists & inhibitors | Antidepressive Agents - pharmacology | Benzamides - pharmacology | Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - metabolism | Receptor, trkB - metabolism | Flavones - pharmacology | Helplessness, Learned | Disease Models, Animal | Brain | Antidepressants | Depression, Mental
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14. Full Text Altered brain network modules induce helplessness in major depressive disorder
by Peng, Daihui and Shi, Feng and Shen, Ting and Peng, Ziwen and Zhang, Chen and Liu, Xiaohua and Qiu, Meihui and Liu, Jun and Jiang, Kaida and Fang, Yiru and Shen, Dinggang
Journal of Affective Disorders, ISSN 0165-0327, 2014, Volume 168, pp. 21 - 29
Abstract Objective The abnormal brain functional connectivity (FC) has been assumed to be a pathophysiological aspect of major depressive disorder (MDD).... 
Psychiatry | Functional connectivity | Small-worldness | Modularity | Helplessness | Major depressive disorder | HOPELESSNESS | MRI | PSYCHIATRY | FRONTAL-CORTEX | DRUG-NAIVE | RATS | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | STATE FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY | SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS | GENE-EXPRESSION | GLOBAL SIGNAL | LEARNED HELPLESSNESS | Depressive Disorder, Major - pathology | Depressive Disorder, Major - physiopathology | Brain - physiopathology | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Case-Control Studies | Emotions | Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Psychiatric Status Rating Scales | Brain - pathology | Adult | Female | Research Design | Helplessness, Learned | Medical colleges | Psychiatric services | Medical imaging equipment
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15. Full Text Studies of learned helplessness in honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica)
by Dinges, Christopher W and Varnon, Christopher A and Cota, Lisa D and Slykerman, Stephen and Abramson, Charles I
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, ISSN 2329-8456, 04/2017, Volume 43, Issue 2, pp. 147 - 158
The current study reports 2 experiments investigating learned helplessness in the honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica). In Experiment 1, we used a traditional... 
Escape | Honey bees | Punishment | Learned helplessness | Aversive conditioning | SUBSEQUENT ESCAPE | RAT | BEHAVIOR | COCKROACH PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA | LATENT INHIBITION | INSECT | MODEL | PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL | PSYCHOLOGY | SHOCK | honey bees | punishment | ZOOLOGY | aversive conditioning | learned helplessness | STING EXTENSION REFLEX | BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES | PSYCHOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL | escape | BRAIN | Behavior, Animal | Learning | Animals | Bees | Helplessness, Learned | Helplessness (Psychology) | Honeybee | Behavior | Analysis
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16. Full Text Learned Helplessness and Learned Prevalence
: Exploring the Causal Relations Among Perceived Controllability, Reward Prevalence, and Exploration
by Teodorescu, Kinneret and Erev, Ido
Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, 10/2014, Volume 25, Issue 10, pp. 1861 - 1869
Exposure to uncontrollable outcomes has been found to trigger learned helplessness, a state in which the agent, because of lack of exploration, fails to take... 
decisions from experience | exploration | learned helplessness | feeling of control | sampling | open materials | learning | open data | predictions | CONTINGENCY | HUMANS | FAILURE | PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | JUDGMENT | GENERALITY | Decision Making | Exploratory Behavior | Learning | Young Adult | Humans | Models, Psychological | Female | Male | Reward | Helplessness, Learned | Psychology | Behavior
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17. Research Progress of Learned Helplessness
by Yang, ZH and Liu, L
PROGRESS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS, ISSN 1000-3282, 09/2018, Volume 45, Issue 9, pp. 961 - 965
As one of the animal models of depression learned helplessness (LH) has been studied more widely and intensively in recent decades. After establishing research... 
5-HT1A RECEPTORS | Drosophila | BEHAVIOR | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | LATERAL HABENULA | CHRONIC MILD STRESS | brain research | DEFICIENT MICE | rodents | VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA | BIOPHYSICS | learned helplessness | ANIMAL-MODEL | depression | DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS | ANXIETY-LIKE
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