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1. Full Text Cost-Effectiveness of Primary Care Management with or Without Early Physical Therapy for Acute Low Back Pain: Economic Evaluation of a Randomized Clinical Trial
by Fritz, Julie M and Kim, Minchul and Magel, John S and Asche, Carl V
SPINE, ISSN 0362-2436, 06/2016, Volume 42, Issue 5, pp. 285 - 290
STUDY DESIGN.Economic evaluation of a randomized clinical trial. OBJECTIVE.Compare costs and cost-effectiveness of usual primary care management for patients... 
cost-effectiveness | STATES | SERVICES | low back pain | WORKERS | PREVALENCE | health care costs | ADHERENCE | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | GUIDELINE | rehabilitation | EXPENDITURES | VISIT | primary care | physical therapy | spinal manipulation | HEALTH-CARE | ORTHOPEDICS | Quality-Adjusted Life Years | Primary Health Care - methods | Physical Examination - economics | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Low Back Pain - therapy | Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | Secondary Prevention - economics | Cost-Benefit Analysis | Health Care Costs - statistics & numerical data | Quality of Life | Adult | Female | Physical Therapy Modalities - economics | Primary Health Care - economics
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2. Full Text A pragmatic multicentered randomized controlled trial of yoga for chronic low back pain: Economic evaluation
by Chuang, Ling-Hsiang and Soares, Marta O and Tilbrook, Helen and Cox, Helen and Hewitt, Catherine E and Aplin, John and Semlyen, Anna and Trewhela, Alison and Watt, Ian and Torgerson, David J
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 08/2012, Volume 37, Issue 18, pp. 1593 - 1601
Study Design. Multicentered randomized controlled trial with quality of life and resource use data collected. Objective. The objective of this study was to... 
yoga | cost-effectiveness analysis | low back pain | COST-EFFECTIVENESS | PRIMARY-CARE | THERAPY | ORTHOPEDICS | BURDEN | EXERCISE | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Quality-Adjusted Life Years | Chronic Pain - therapy | Follow-Up Studies | Humans | Middle Aged | United Kingdom | Low Back Pain - therapy | Multicenter Studies as Topic - economics | Young Adult | Outcome Assessment (Health Care) - economics | Regression Analysis | Cost-Benefit Analysis | Adolescent | Adult | Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - economics | Surveys and Questionnaires | Aged | Yoga
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3. Full Text The burden of chronic low back pain: Clinical comorbidities, treatment patterns, and health care costs in usual care settings
by Gore, Mugdha and Sadosky, Alesia and Stacey, Brett R and Tai, Kei-Sing and Leslie, Douglas
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 05/2012, Volume 37, Issue 11, pp. E668 - E677
Study Design. Retrospective analysis of an insurance claims database. Objective. To examine the comorbidities, treatment patterns, health care resource... 
chronic low back pain | comorbidity | disease burden | health care costs | pharmacotherapy | OCCUPATIONAL SPINAL-DISORDERS | UNITED-STATES | PRACTICE GUIDELINE | OPIOID USE | PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT | PREVALENCE | PHYSICIANS | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | SOCIETY/AMERICAN COLLEGE | SLEEP DISTURBANCE | PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS | ORTHOPEDICS | Low Back Pain - epidemiology | Prevalence | Humans | Middle Aged | Cost of Illness | Neck Pain - epidemiology | Male | Musculoskeletal Pain - epidemiology | Back Pain - drug therapy | Neck Pain - economics | Neuralgia - etiology | Adult | Female | Neck Pain - drug therapy | Retrospective Studies | Neuralgia - economics | Chronic Pain | Back Pain - economics | Musculoskeletal Pain - economics | Comorbidity | Low Back Pain - economics | Massachusetts - epidemiology | Low Back Pain - drug therapy | Health Care Costs - statistics & numerical data | Musculoskeletal Pain - drug therapy | Back Pain - epidemiology | Neuralgia - epidemiology
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4. Full Text Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions
by Foster, Nadine E and Anema, Johannes R and Cherkin, Dan and Chou, Roger and Cohen, Stephen P and Cohen, Steven P and Gross, Douglas P and Ferreira, Paulo H and Ferreira, Manuela and Fritz, Julie M and Koes, Bart W and Peul, Wilco C and Peul, Wilco and Turner, Judith A and Maher, Chris G and Buchbinder, Rachelle and Hartvigsen, Jan and Underwood, Martin and van Tulder, Maurits and Menezes Costa, Lucíola and Croft, Peter and Genevay, Stéphane and Hancock, Mark J and Hoy, Damian and Karppinen, Jaro and Kongsted, Alice and Louw, Quinette and Öberg, Birgitta and Pransky, Glenn and Schoene, Mark and Sieper, Joachim and Smeets, Rob J and Woolf, Anthony and Lancet Low Back Pain Series Workin and Lancet Low Back Pain Series Working Group
The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, 06/2018, Volume 391, Issue 10137, pp. 2368 - 2383
Many clinical practice guidelines recommend similar approaches for the assessment and management of low back pain. Recommendations include use of a... 
UNITED-STATES | PHYSICAL-THERAPISTS | MULTIDISCIPLINARY CARE PATHWAY | EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT | PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT | POPULATION-BASED-INTERVENTION | SPINE SURGERY REFERRALS | MEDICARE POPULATION | PRACTICE PATTERNS | CLINICAL PATHWAYS | MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | Chronic Pain - therapy | United States - epidemiology | Cost-Benefit Analysis - standards | Low Back Pain - prevention & control | Chronic Pain - prevention & control | Practice Guidelines as Topic - standards | Humans | Pain Management - methods | Analgesics, Opioid - therapeutic use | Male | Low Back Pain - surgery | Pain Management - economics | Low Back Pain - economics | Low Back Pain - therapy | Analgesics, Opioid - administration & dosage | Female | United States Public Health Service - standards | Diagnostic Imaging - statistics & numerical data | Diagnostic Imaging - economics | Prevention | Care and treatment | Pain | Backache | Epidemiology | Disability insurance | Medical personnel | Low income groups | Back pain | Narcotics | Low back pain | Abnormalities | Clinical trials | Pharmacology | Disease management | Management | Redesign | Guidelines | Training | Disease prevention | Surgery | Alternative medicine | Pain management | Opioids | Occupational health | Public health | Best practice
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5. Full Text Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial
by Hill, Jonathan C, Dr and Whitehurst, David GT, PhD and Lewis, Martyn, PhD and Bryan, Stirling, Prof and Dunn, Kate M, PhD and Foster, Nadine E, Prof and Konstantinou, Kika, PhD and Main, Chris J, Prof and Mason, Elizabeth, MSc and Somerville, Simon, MSc and Sowden, Gail, MSc and Vohora, Kanchan, BSc and Hay, Elaine M, MD
Lancet, The, ISSN 0140-6736, 2011, Volume 378, Issue 9802, pp. 1560 - 1571
Summary Background Back pain remains a challenge for primary care internationally. One model that has not been tested is stratification of the management... 
Internal Medicine | DISABILITY | MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | INTERVENTIONS | LESSONS | CLINICAL-TRIAL | PROGRAM | Practice Patterns, Physicians' - standards | Prognosis | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Reference Values | Low Back Pain - therapy | Cost Savings | Adult | Female | General Practice - economics | Quality-Adjusted Life Years | Severity of Illness Index | Risk Assessment | General Practice - methods | Treatment Outcome | United Kingdom | Combined Modality Therapy | Low Back Pain - economics | Low Back Pain - diagnosis | Practice Patterns, Physicians' - trends | Cost-Benefit Analysis | Aged | Disease Management | Pain Measurement | Practice guidelines (Medicine) | Care and treatment | Usage | Diagnosis | Research | Low back pain | Intervention | Back pain | Health economics | Mental disorders | Health services | Back surgery | Primary care | Cost-benefit analysis | Economics | disabilities | back pain | low back pain | best practices | clinical trials | Stratification | intervention
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6. Full Text The Epidemiology of low back pain
by Hoy, D and Brooks, P and Blyth, F and Buchbinder, R
Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology, ISSN 1521-6942, 2010, Volume 24, Issue 6, pp. 769 - 781
Low back pain is an extremely common problem that most people experience at some point in their life. While substantial heterogeneity exists among low back... 
Rheumatology | Recurrence | Prevalence | Low back pain | Remission | Duration | Epidemiology | Incidence | UNITED-STATES | MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN | RISK-FACTORS | SICK-LEAVE | FOLLOW-UP | VALIDATED ARABIC VERSION | RHEUMATOLOGY | GENERAL-POPULATION | PRIMARY-CARE | WHO-ILAR COPCORD | OF-THE-LITERATURE | Low Back Pain - epidemiology | Global Health | Sickness Impact Profile | Humans | Risk Factors | Male | Low Back Pain - economics | Health Care Costs | Low Back Pain - physiopathology | Female | Job stress | Backache
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7. Full Text Primary care referral of patients with low back pain to physical therapy: Impact on future health care utilization and costs
by Fritz, Julie M and Childs, John D and Wainner, Robert S and Flynn, Timothy W
Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, 12/2012, Volume 37, Issue 25, pp. 2114 - 2121
Study Design. A retrospective cohort. Objective. To describe physical therapy utilization following primary care consultation for low back pain (LBP) and... 
Primary care | Physical therapy | Health services research | UNITED-STATES | SURGERY | MANAGEMENT | RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL | OPIOID USE | GUIDELINES | TRENDS | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | health services research | GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION | DISABILITY | primary care | physical therapy | OUTCOMES | ORTHOPEDICS | Drug Costs | Health Services - economics | Analgesics, Opioid - economics | Multivariate Analysis | Practice Patterns, Physicians' - economics | Humans | Health Services - trends | Health Services - utilization | Cost Savings | Health Care Costs - trends | Office Visits - utilization | Time Factors | Early Medical Intervention - utilization | Retrospective Studies | Odds Ratio | Referral and Consultation - utilization | Diagnostic Imaging - economics | Physical Therapy Modalities - trends | Physical Therapy Modalities - utilization | Early Medical Intervention - trends | Analgesics, Opioid - therapeutic use | Diagnostic Imaging - utilization | Linear Models | Logistic Models | Primary Health Care - utilization | Treatment Outcome | Low Back Pain - economics | Practice Patterns, Physicians' - trends | Primary Health Care - trends | Low Back Pain - rehabilitation | Office Visits - economics | Orthopedic Procedures - utilization | Orthopedic Procedures - economics | Physical Therapy Modalities - economics | Referral and Consultation - trends | Primary Health Care - economics | Referral and Consultation - economics | Early Medical Intervention - economics
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8. Full Text Incidence, Prevalence, Costs, and Impact on Disability of Common Conditions Requiring Rehabilitation in the United States: Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury, Traumatic Brain Injury, Multiple Sclerosis, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Limb Loss, and Back Pain
by Ma, Vincent Y., BA and Chan, Leighton, MD, MPH and Carruthers, Kadir J., BS
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0003-9993, 2014, Volume 95, Issue 5, pp. 986 - 995.e1
Abstract Objective To determine the relative incidence, prevalence, costs, and impact on disability of 8 common conditions treated by rehabilitation... 
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | Back pain | Multiple sclerosis | Cost of illness | Prevalence | Traumatic brain injury | Cost of disease | Direct service costs |