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1. Full Text Constitutive cholesterol-dependent endocytosis of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is essential to maintain receptor responsiveness to α-melanocyte- stimulating hormone (α-MSH)
by McDaniel, Faith K and Molden, Brent M and Mohammad, Sameer and Baldini, Giovanna and McPike, Lakisha and Narducci, Paola and Granell, Susana and Baldini, Giulia
Journal of Biological Chemistry, ISSN 0021-9258, 06/2012, Volume 287, Issue 26, pp. 21873 - 21890
Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed in the hypothalamus where it controls feeding behavior. MC4R cycles constitutively and... 
CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS | INDEPENDENT ENDOCYTOSIS | THROMBIN RECEPTORS | INTERNALIZATION | PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR | FOOD-INTAKE | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | INVERSE AGONIST | CELL-SURFACE | CB1 CANNABINOID RECEPTOR | BETA-ARRESTIN | Threonine - chemistry | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - chemistry | Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - metabolism | Signal Transduction | Humans | Homeostasis | Cholesterol - metabolism | Serine - chemistry | alpha-MSH - metabolism | Clathrin - chemistry | Clathrin - metabolism | Endosomes - metabolism | Cholesterol - chemistry | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Endocytosis | HEK293 Cells | Cell Membrane - metabolism | Mutation | RNA, Small Interfering - metabolism | Index Medicus | Membrane Trafficking | Molecular Bases of Disease | G-protein-coupled Receptors (GPCR) | Obesity | Clathrin | α-MSH | Cholesterol | Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R)
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2. Full Text Pharmacological modulation of melanocortin-4 receptor by melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 in Nile tilapia
by Wang, Meng and Chen, Yijun and Zhu, Ming and Xu, Bingxin and Guo, Wenxuan and Lyu, Yunsong and Zhang, Chao
General and Comparative Endocrinology, ISSN 0016-6480, 10/2019, Volume 282, pp. 113219 - 113219
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) acts as a member of G-protein coupled receptors and participate in food intake and energy expenditure. Melanocortin 2... 
Melanocortin-4 receptor | Tilapia | Melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2 | Index Medicus
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3. Full Text Heterodimerization of Hypothalamic G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Involved in Weight Regulation
by Rediger, Anne and Tarnow, Patrick and Bickenbach, Annika and Schaefer, Michael and Krude, Heiko and Grüters, Annette and Biebermann, Heike
Obesity Facts, ISSN 1662-4025, 04/2009, Volume 2, Issue 2, pp. 80 - 86
Background: Melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors (MC3R and MC4R) are known to play an essential role in hypothalamic weight regulation. In addition to these two... 
Original Article | GPCR | Weight regulation | Hypothalamus | Paraventricular nucleus | Dimerization | Arcuate nucleus | GABA(B) RECEPTORS | ONSET OBESITY | CROSS-TALK | MC4R | TARGETED DISRUPTION | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | NEURONS | FRAMESHIFT MUTATION | OLIGOMERIZATION | MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR | Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - metabolism | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 - genetics | Humans | Cercopithecus aethiops | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 - metabolism | Receptors, Neuropeptide Y - metabolism | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - metabolism | Receptors, Neuropeptide - metabolism | Receptors, Peptide - chemistry | Obesity - genetics | Receptors, Peptide - genetics | Transfection | Gene Expression - physiology | Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B - genetics | Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer | Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - chemistry | Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B - metabolism | Receptors, Cell Surface - chemistry | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 - chemistry | Receptors, Opioid, mu - chemistry | Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - chemistry | Receptors, Opioid, mu - metabolism | Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus - metabolism | Receptors, Cell Surface - metabolism | Receptors, Neuropeptide - genetics | Obesity - physiopathology | Kidney - cytology | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - genetics | Obesity - metabolism | Receptors, Neuropeptide Y - chemistry | Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - metabolism | Animals | Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - genetics | Receptors, Neuropeptide Y - genetics | Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - metabolism | Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B - chemistry | Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - genetics | Receptors, Opioid, mu - genetics | Body Weight - physiology | COS Cells | Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - chemistry | Receptors, Neuropeptide - chemistry | Receptors, Cell Surface - genetics | Receptors, Peptide - metabolism | Index Medicus | Original
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4. Full Text Orange-spotted grouper melanocortin-4 receptor: Modulation of signaling by MRAP2
by Rao, Ying-Zhu and Chen, Rong and Zhang, Yong and Tao, Ya-Xiong
General and Comparative Endocrinology, ISSN 0016-6480, 12/2019, Volume 284, pp. 113234 - 113234
Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) play important roles in the melanocortin system, and interaction of MC4R... 
Epinephelus coioides | Pharmacology | Orange-spotted grouper | Melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 | Melanocortin-4 receptor | Tissues distribution | Index Medicus
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5. Full Text Regulation of Energy Homeostasis by Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3: Selective Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Obesity
by Guan, Xiao-Ming and Chen, Howard and Dobbelaar, Peter H and Dong, Yan and Fong, Tung M and Gagen, Karen and Gorski, Judith and He, Shuwen and Howard, Andrew D and Jian, Tianying and Jiang, Michael and Kan, Yanqing and Kelly, Theresa M and Kosinski, Jennifer and Lin, Linus S and Liu, Jian and Marsh, Donald J and Metzger, Joseph M and Miller, Randy and Nargund, Ravi P and Palyha, Oksana and Shearman, Lauren and Shen, Zhu and Stearns, Ralph and Strack, Alison M and Stribling, Sloan and Tang, Yui Sing and Wang, Sheng-Ping and White, Amanda and Yu, Hong and Reitman, Marc L
Cell Metabolism, ISSN 1550-4131, 2010, Volume 11, Issue 2, pp. 101 - 112
Bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) is a G protein coupled receptor whose natural ligand is unknown. We developed potent, selective agonist (Bag-1, Bag-2) and... 
HUMDISEASE | MOLNEURO | SUBTYPE-3-DEFICIENT MICE | BODY-WEIGHT | AGOUTI-RELATED PROTEIN | HUMAN ORPHAN RECEPTOR | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | LEPTIN REGULATION | LUNG-CANCER CELLS | DEFICIENT MICE | KNOCKOUT MICE | MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR | NEUROPEPTIDE-Y | CELL BIOLOGY | Receptors, Bombesin - agonists | Obesity - drug therapy | Humans | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Peptides - pharmacokinetics | Body Weight - drug effects | Rats | Male | Receptors, Bombesin - antagonists & inhibitors | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Anti-Obesity Agents - therapeutic use | Mice, Knockout | Obesity - metabolism | Brain - metabolism | Eating - drug effects | Receptors, Bombesin - metabolism | Animals | Anti-Obesity Agents - pharmacokinetics | Ligands | Mice | Energy Metabolism - drug effects | Peptides - therapeutic use | Index Medicus
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6. Full Text Leptin receptor signaling in is required for normal body POW neurons weight homeostasis
by Balthasar, N and Coppari, R and McMinn, J and Liu, SM and Lee, CE and Tang, V and Kenny, CD and McGovern, RA and Chua, SC and Elmquist, JK and Lowell, BB
NEURON, ISSN 0896-6273, 06/2004, Volume 42, Issue 6, pp. 983 - 991
Neuroanatomical and electrophysiological studies have shown that hypothalamic POMC neurons are targets of the adipostatic hormone leptin. However, the... 
ENERGY-BALANCE | GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN | HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROPEPTIDE-Y | DIABETES-OBESITY SYNDROMES | MEDIOBASAL HYPOTHALAMUS | BONE-FORMATION | OB/OB MICE | PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN MESSENGER-RNA | ARCUATE NUCLEUS | NEUROSCIENCES | MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR
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7. Full Text Molecular cloning and pharmacological characterization of giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) melanocortin-4 receptor
by Wang, Zhi-Qiang and Wang, Wei and Shi, Lin and Chai, Ji-Tian and Zhang, Xin-Jun and Tao, Ya-Xiong
General and Comparative Endocrinology, ISSN 0016-6480, 2016, Volume 229, pp. 32 - 40
Highlights • Giant panda MC4R cDNA was cloned and phylogenetic analyses were performed. • Giant panda MC4R pharmacology was studied using four agonists. 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Binding | Signaling | Melanocortin-4 receptor | Giant panda | Cloning | Animals | Signal Transduction | Humans | Ursidae - genetics | Cloning, Molecular | HEK293 Cells | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - genetics | Analysis | Endangered species | Physiological aspects | Phylogeny | G proteins | Intermedin | Membrane proteins | Index Medicus
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8. Full Text HQSAR and topomer CoMFA for predicting melanocortin-4 receptor binding affinities of trans-4-(4-chlorophenyl) pyrrolidine-3-carboxamides
by Yu, Shuling and Yuan, Jintao and Shi, Jiahua and Ruan, Xiaojiao and Zhang, Ting and Wang, Yanli and Du, Yu
Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, ISSN 0169-7439, 08/2015, Volume 146, pp. 34 - 41
Hologram quantitative structure–activity relationships (HQSAR) and topomer comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) were implemented on a group of 73... 
Docking | Hologram QSAR | Binding affinity | Melanocortin-4 receptor | Topomer CoMFA | Piperazinecyclohexanes | CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL | SEARCH | 3D-QSAR | STATISTICS & PROBABILITY | MOLECULAR DOCKING | POTENT FUNCTIONAL AGONISTS | COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE | INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION | MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS | LIGANDS | QSAR | SIMILARITY | ANTAGONISTS | AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS | Alkaloids | Analysis | Chemical properties | Yuan (China)
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9. Full Text Pharmacological effect of human melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein 2 variants on hypothalamic melanocortin receptors
by Liang, Jinye and Li, Lei and Jin, Xuanxuan and Xu, Bingxin and Pi, Linyu and Liu, Shangyun and Zhu, Wei and Zhang, Cong and Luan, Bing and Gong, Lulu and Zhang, Chao
Endocrine, ISSN 1355-008X, 7/2018, Volume 61, Issue 1, pp. 94 - 104
Melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), and a recently identified melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2), are highly... 
Melanocortin-3 receptor | Medicine & Public Health | Melanocortin-4 receptor | Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary | Internal Medicine | Melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein 2 | Diabetes | Endocrinology | TISSUE | ACTH | DEFICIENCY | OBESITY | GENE | ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | MICE | MUTATIONS | MRAP2 | DOMAINS | Receptors, Melanocortin - drug effects | alpha-MSH - pharmacology | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 - genetics | Humans | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 - metabolism | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - metabolism | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - genetics | Signal Transduction - genetics | Mutation - genetics | RNA - genetics | Genetic Variation | Animals | Hypothalamus - metabolism | Plasmids | Carrier Proteins - pharmacology | Computer Simulation | Mice | Neurons - metabolism | Hypothalamus - drug effects | Nucleic Acid Conformation | Medicine, Experimental | Medical research | Usage | Transplantation | Brain research | Stem cells | Proteins | Energy balance | Melanocortin receptors | Homeostasis | Melanocortin MC4 receptors | Mc4r protein | Hypothalamus | Mutation | Gene expression | Ribonucleic acid--RNA | Index Medicus
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10. Full Text Amino acid residue L112 in the ACTH receptor plays a key role in ACTH or α-MSH selectivity
by Yang, Yingkui and Chen, Min and Ventro, George and Harmon, Carroll M
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, ISSN 0303-7207, 02/2019, Volume 482, pp. 11 - 17
The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) receptor, known as the melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R), plays a key role in regulating adrenocortical function. MC2R is a... 
POMC | ACTH | GPCR | MC2R | α-MSH | HUMAN MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR | LIGAND-BINDING | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | alpha-MSH | MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS | IDENTIFICATION | CELL BIOLOGY
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11. Full Text Role of the N-terminal region in G protein-coupled receptor functions: Negative modulation revealed by 5-HT2B receptor polymorphisms
by Belmer, Arnauld and Doly, Stephane and Setola, Vincent and Banas, Sophie M and Moutkine, Imane and Boutourlinsky, Katia and Kenakin, Terry and Maroteaux, Luc
Molecular Pharmacology, ISSN 0026-895X, 01/2014, Volume 85, Issue 1, pp. 127 - 138
The putative role of the N-terminal region of rhodopsin-like 7 transmembrane biogenic amine receptors in agonist-induced signaling has not yet been clarified... 
ACTIVATION | DOMAIN | AGONISM | CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVITY | GPCR | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | E2-LOOP | SELECTIVITY | EXPRESSION | MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR | Amino Acid Sequence | Cell Proliferation | Signal Transduction | Humans | Cercopithecus aethiops | Molecular Sequence Data | Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists - pharmacology | Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Techniques | Polymorphism, Genetic | Animals | Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B - genetics | Mutation | Radioligand Assay | GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 - metabolism | COS Cells | Index Medicus | Biochemistry, Molecular Biology | Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B | Life Sciences | GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 | Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists
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12. Full Text Loss of constitutive activity of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in familial short stature
by Pantel, Jacques and Legendre, Marie and Cabrol, Sylvie and Hilal, Latifa and Hajaji, Yassir and Morisset, Séverine and Nivot, Sylvie and Vie-Luton, Marie-Pierre and Grouselle, Dominique and De Kerdanet, Marc and Kadiri, Abdelkrim and Epelbaum, Jacques and Le Bouc, Yves and Amselem, Serge
Journal of Clinical Investigation, ISSN 0021-9738, 03/2006, Volume 116, Issue 3, pp. 760 - 768
The growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor (GHSR) was cloned as the target of a family of synthetic molecules endowed with GH release properties. As shown... 
MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | GHRELIN RECEPTOR | GENE | FOOD-INTAKE | HUMANS | PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS | HUMAN OBESITY | SECRETION | APPETITE | MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR | Amino Acid Sequence | Cell Line | Humans | Middle Aged | Molecular Sequence Data | Male | Mutation, Missense | Body Height - genetics | Peptide Hormones - metabolism | Animals | Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - deficiency | Ghrelin | Pedigree | Adolescent | Adult | Amino Acid Substitution - genetics | Female | Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - genetics | Growth Disorders - genetics | Child | Peptide Hormones - physiology | Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - physiology | Receptors, Ghrelin | Index Medicus | Abridged Index Medicus | Life Sciences
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13. Full Text Association between melanocortin-4 receptor mutations and eating behaviors in obese patients: A case-control study
by Valette, M and Poitou, C and Kesse-Guyot, E and Bellisle, F and Carette, C and Le Beyec, J and Hercberg, S and Clément, K and Czernichow, S
International Journal of Obesity, ISSN 0307-0565, 2014, Volume 38, Issue 6, pp. 883 - 885
Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene mutations are involved in the leptin-melanocortin pathways that control food intake. The effect of these mutations on... 
melanocortin-4 receptor | MC4R mutations | eating behavior | eating disorders | binge eating | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | Body Mass Index | Eating - psychology | Obesity - psychology | Humans | Middle Aged | Receptors, Cell Surface - metabolism | Energy Intake - genetics | Male | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - metabolism | Leptin - genetics | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - genetics | Mutation - genetics | Eating - genetics | Obesity - genetics | Case-Control Studies | Adult | Female | Surveys and Questionnaires | Feeding Behavior - psychology | Receptors, Cell Surface - genetics | Overweight persons | Gene mutations | Food habits | Genetic aspects | Behavior | Nucleotide sequencing | Identification and classification | Methods | DNA sequencing | Index Medicus
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14. Full Text δ-Opioid receptor activation stimulates normal diet intake but conversely suppresses high-fat diet intake in mice
by Kaneko, Kentaro and Mizushige, Takafumi and Miyazaki, Yuri and Lazarus, Michael and Urade, Yoshihiro and Yoshikawa, Masaaki and Kanamoto, Ryuhei and Ohinata, Kousaku
American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, ISSN 0363-6119, 02/2014, Volume 306, Issue 4, pp. R265 - R272
The central opioid system is involved in a broadly distributed neural network that regulates food intake. Here, we show that activation of central delta-opioid... 
δ-opioid receptor | PGD | Food intake | CRF | PHYSIOLOGY | delta-opioid receptor | FOOD-INTAKE | BODY-WEIGHT | CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR | MESSENGER-RNA | PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS | IN-VIVO | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | PROSTAGLANDIN D-2 | EXPRESSION | MELANOCORTIN-4 RECEPTOR | food intake | MC4 | Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology | Male | Celecoxib | Sulfonamides - pharmacology | Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - pharmacology | Eating - physiology | Eating - drug effects | Animals | Diet, High-Fat | Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)- - pharmacology | Mice | Receptors, Opioid, delta - agonists | Receptors, Prostaglandin - antagonists & inhibitors | Pyrazoles - pharmacology | Index Medicus
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15. Full Text Late onset obesity in mice with targeted deletion of potassium inward rectifier Kir7.1 from cells expressing the melanocortin‐4 receptor
by Anderson, Erica J. P and Ghamari‐Langroudi, Masoud and Cakir, Isin and Litt, Michael J and Chen, Valerie and Reggiardo, Roman E and Millhauser, Glenn L and Cone, Roger D
Journal of Neuroendocrinology, ISSN 0953-8194, 01/2019, Volume 31, Issue 1, pp. e12670 - n/a
Energy stores in fat tissue are determined in part by the activity of hypothalamic neurones expressing the melanocortin‐4 receptor ( MC 4R). Even a partial... 
MC4R | Kir7.1 | melanocortin‐4 receptor | Kcnj13 | obesity | melanocortin-4 receptor | ENERGY | ACTIVATION | PROTEIN | CAUSES WEIGHT-LOSS | KNOCKOUT MICE | NEUROSCIENCES | GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS | FEEDING-BEHAVIOR | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | NEURONS | MC4R AGONIST | FRAMESHIFT MUTATION | Obesity | Phenotypes | Peptides | Potassium channels (inwardly-rectifying) | Brain slice preparation | Melanocortin | Melanocortin MC4 receptors | L cells | Hypothalamus | Paraventricular nucleus | Gene deletion | Neuromodulation | Glucose tolerance | Intolerance | Signal transduction | Clonal deletion | Intestine | Food intake | Hyperphagia | Index Medicus
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16. Full Text Biased signaling initiated by agouti-related peptide through human melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors
by Yang, Zhao and Tao, Ya-Xiong
BBA - Molecular Basis of Disease, ISSN 0925-4439, 09/2016, Volume 1862, Issue 9, pp. 1485 - 1494
The neural melanocortin receptors (MCRs), melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors (MC3R and MC4R), have been increasingly recognized as important regulators of energy... 
Agouti-related peptide | Biased signaling | Melanocortin-3 receptor | Melanocortin-4 receptor | MAP KINASE | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | BETA-ARRESTIN | FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION | MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN | IN-VITRO | INHIBITION | BIOPHYSICS | INVERSE AGONIST | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | HYPOTHALAMIC NEURONS | FAT MASS | Recombinant Proteins - metabolism | AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism | Peptide Fragments - metabolism | Central Nervous System - metabolism | Mutagenesis, Site-Directed | Signal Transduction | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 - genetics | Humans | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 - metabolism | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - metabolism | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - agonists | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - genetics | Recombinant Proteins - genetics | Agouti-Related Protein - metabolism | MAP Kinase Signaling System | HEK293 Cells | Ligands | Kinetics | Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism | Cyclic AMP - metabolism | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 - agonists | Amino Acid Substitution | Protein kinases | Intermedin | Physiological aspects | Cyclic adenylic acid
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