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1. Brown fat biology and thermogenesis
by Richard, Denis and Picard, Frederic
Frontiers in Bioscience, ISSN 1093-9946, 01/2011, Volume 16, Issue 4, pp. 1233 - 1260
Brown fat (brown adipose tissue, BAT) primary function is to produce heat. There is now compelling evidence to indicate that brown fat cells in some BAT depots... 
Human | Brain | Energy balance | Obesity | White adipose tissue | Mouse | Rat | Uncoupling protein 1 | Energy expenditure | Brown adipose tissue | Review | ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA | BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTORS | Brown Adipose Tissue | MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | DIET-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS | IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION | Energy Balance | CELL BIOLOGY | WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE | AGOUTI-RELATED PROTEIN | MITOCHONDRIAL UNCOUPLING PROTEIN | White Adipose Tissue | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | Uncoupling Protein 1 | MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE | Energy Expenditure | Humans | Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus - physiology | Male | Ion Channels - physiology | PPAR gamma | Melanocortins - physiology | Thermogenesis - physiology | Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators - physiology | Sympathetic Nervous System - physiology | Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha | Neurons - physiology | Adult | Female | Preoptic Area - physiology | Myoblasts - physiology | Cold Temperature | DNA-Binding Proteins - physiology | Transcription Factors - physiology | Ion Channels - biosynthesis | Melanins - physiology | Adipose Tissue, Brown - physiology | Mitochondrial Proteins - physiology | Mitochondrial Proteins - biosynthesis | Pituitary Hormones - physiology | Hypothalamic Hormones - physiology | Adipocytes, White - physiology | Cell Lineage | Adipose Tissue, Brown - cytology | Adipocytes, Brown - physiology | Animals | Energy Metabolism | Diabetes Mellitus - physiopathology | Sex Factors | Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 | Uncoupling Protein 2 | Heat-Shock Proteins - physiology
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2. Full Text Homeostasis meets motivation in the battle to control food intake
by Ferrario, Carrie R and Labouèbe, Gwenaël and Liu, Shuai and Nieh, Edward H and Routh, Vanessa H and Xu, Shengjin and O’Connor, Eoin C
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 11/2016, Volume 36, Issue 45, pp. 11469 - 11481
Signals of energy homeostasis interact closely with neural circuits of motivation to control food intake. Anemerging hypothesis is that the transition to... 
Dopamine | Glucose | Insulin | POMC | Accumbens | Dieting | Paraventricular thalamic nucleus | Ghrelin | Leptin | Arculate nucleus | AGRP | Reward | Orexin | reward | accumbens | glucose | insulin | NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS DOPAMINE | OREXIN NEURONS | paraventricular thalamic nucleus | DIET-INDUCED OBESITY | leptin | NEUROSCIENCES | dieting | VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA | LATERAL HYPOTHALAMIC AREA | ENERGY-BALANCE | MEDIAL FOREBRAIN-BUNDLE | ghrelin | orexin | REGULATE FEEDING-BEHAVIOR | MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE | arculate nucleus | dopamine | Animals | Motivation - physiology | Homeostasis - physiology | Humans | Appetite Regulation - physiology | Body Weight - physiology | Energy Metabolism - physiology | Brain - physiology | Eating - physiology | Symposium and Mini-Symposium
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3. Full Text Central effects of estradiol in the regulation of food intake, body weight, and adiposity
by Brown, L.M and Clegg, D.J
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ISSN 0960-0760, 2010, Volume 122, Issue 1, pp. 65 - 73
In recent years, obesity and its associated health disorders and costs have increased. Accumulation of adipose tissue, or fat, in the intra-abdominal adipose... 
Obesity | Sex differences | Neuropeptides | Fat deposition | Food intake | Estradiol | HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROPEPTIDE-Y | NUCLEUS-TRACTUS-SOLITARIUS | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS | INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE | CHOLECYSTOKININS SATIATING ACTION | ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE | NF-KAPPA-B | C-FOS EXPRESSION | Cholecystokinin - physiology | Serotonin - physiology | Ghrelin - physiology | Insulin - physiology | Humans | Melanins - physiology | Rats | Male | Sex Characteristics | Pituitary Hormones - physiology | Eating - physiology | Hypothalamic Hormones - physiology | Leptin - physiology | Animals | Female | Adiposity - physiology | Mice | Body Fat Distribution | Body Weight - physiology | Neuropeptide Y - physiology | Estradiol - physiology | Receptors, Estrogen - physiology
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4. The pigmentary system
: physiology and pathophysiology
by Nordlund, James J
2006, 2nd ed., ISBN 9781405120340, xviii, 1229 p., [80] p. of plates
The most comprehensive and integrated book on pigmentation The Pigmentary System, Second Edition, gathers into one convenient, all-inclusive volume a wealth of... 
physiology | Melanocytes | physiopathology | Pigmentation disorders | Pigmentation
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5. Full Text Optogenetic stimulation of MCH neurons increases sleep
by Konadhode, Roda Rani and Pelluru, Dheeraj and Blanco-Centurion, Carlos and Zayachkivsky, Andrew and Liu, Meng and Uhde, Thomas and Glen Jr, W. Bailey and van den Pol, Anthony N and Mulholland, Patrick J and Shiromani, Priyattam J
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 2013, Volume 33, Issue 25, pp. 10257 - 10263
Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic neuropeptide present in the hypothalamus of all vertebrates. MCH is implicated in a number of behaviors but... 
RAT | GENE | HYPOCRETIN | NUCLEUS | LOCUS-COERULEUS | OREXIN NEURONS | MICE | MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE | NEUROSCIENCES | BRAIN | HYPOTHALAMUS | Immunohistochemistry | Hypothalamus - physiology | Sleep, REM - physiology | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Color | Melanins - physiology | Channelrhodopsins | Circadian Rhythm - physiology | Delta Rhythm - physiology | Electrodes, Implanted | Electroencephalography | Melanins - genetics | Pituitary Hormones - physiology | Hypothalamic Hormones - physiology | Patch-Clamp Techniques | Animals | Neurons - physiology | Pituitary Hormones - genetics | Plasmids - genetics | Wakefulness - physiology | Hypothalamic Hormones - genetics | Mice | Sleep - physiology | Photic Stimulation | Brief Communications
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6. Full Text Somatotropic and Gonadotropic Axes Linkages in Infancy, Childhood, and the Puberty-Adult Transition
by Veldhuis, Johannes D and Roemmich, James N and Richmond, Erick J and Bowers, Cyril Y
Endocrine Reviews, ISSN 0163-769X, 04/2006, Volume 27, Issue 2, pp. 101 - 140
Integrative neuroendocrine control of the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes in childhood, puberty, and young adulthood proceeds via multiple convergent and... 
POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME | SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC EXPRESSION | ACUTE REGULATORY PROTEIN | HORMONE-RELEASING-HORMONE | MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID | ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE | FACTOR BINDING-PROTEINS | GROWTH-FACTOR-I | STIMULATED LUTEINIZING-HORMONE | Gonadotropins - physiology | Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins - physiology | Insulin-Like Growth Factor II - physiology | Gonads - physiology | Insulin - physiology | Hypothalamus - physiology | Humans | Periodicity | Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - physiology | Male | Puberty - physiology | Sex Characteristics | Sexual Maturation - physiology | Growth - physiology | Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - secretion | Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology | Animals | Growth Hormone - physiology | Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - physiology | Aging | Female | Human Growth Hormone - secretion | Luteinizing Hormone - secretion | Pituitary Gland - physiology
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7. Full Text Physiological arousal: a role for hypothalamic systems
by Adamantidis, A and de Lecea, L
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, ISSN 1420-682X, 5/2008, Volume 65, Issue 10, pp. 1475 - 1488
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) has long been known as a homeostasis center of the brain that modulates feeding behavior, arousal and reward. The hypocretins... 
Life Sciences | Biochemistry, general | goal-oriented behavior | Life Sciences, general | melanin-concentrating hormone | Biomedicine general | Hypocretin | Cell Biology | arousal | Goal-oriented behavior | Melanin-concentrating hormone | Arousal | LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | DIET-INDUCED OBESITY | VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA | CELL BIOLOGY | MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID | PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR | hypocretin | OREXIN-A LEVELS | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | RAT-BRAIN | HYPOCRETIN/OREXIN NEURONS | MELANIN-CONCENTRATING-HORMONE | Endocrine System - physiology | Receptors, Pituitary Hormone - physiology | Orexins | Hypothalamus - physiology | Humans | Melanins - physiology | Behavior - physiology | Neuropeptides - physiology | Orexin Receptors | Neurons, Afferent - physiology | Pituitary Hormones - physiology | Hypothalamic Hormones - physiology | Arousal - physiology | Animals | Models, Biological | Neurons, Efferent - physiology | Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - physiology | Receptors, Neuropeptide - physiology | Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - physiology | Brain | Neurology | Hormones | Peptides | Neurons
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8. The Neurobiology of Sleep and Wakefulness
by Schwartz, Michael D and Kilduff, Thomas S
Psychiatric Clinics of North America, ISSN 0193-953X, 12/2015, Volume 38, Issue 4, pp. 615 - 644
Cortical electroencephalographic activity arises from corticothalamocortical interactions, modulated by wake-promoting monoaminergic and cholinergic input.... 
Slow wave activity | EEG | Homeostasis | Neurotransmitter | NREM sleep | Synchronization | Hypocretin | REM sleep | KNOCK-OUT MICE | PSYCHIATRY | SLOW-WAVE SLEEP | PROSTAGLANDIN-D SYNTHASE | LATERAL HYPOTHALAMIC AREA | THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE | VENTROLATERAL PREOPTIC NUCLEUS | EYE-MOVEMENT SLEEP | LOCUS-COERULEUS NEURONS | DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS | HYPOCRETIN-1 OREXIN-A | Humans | Melanins - physiology | GABAergic Neurons - physiology | Brain - physiology | Neural Pathways - physiology | Pituitary Hormones - physiology | Cholinergic Neurons - physiology | Hypothalamic Hormones - physiology | Biogenic Monoamines - physiology | Wakefulness - physiology | Orexins - physiology | Sleep - physiology | Circadian Clocks - physiology
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9. Full Text Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis
by Kwon-Chung, Kyung J and Fraser, James A and Doering, T Ámara L and Wang, Zhuo A and Janbon, Guilhem and Idnurm, Alexander and Bahn, Yong-Sun
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, ISSN 2157-1422, 2015, Volume 4, Issue 7, pp. a019760 - a019760
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the two etiologic agents of cryptococcosis. They belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and can be readily... 
FUNGAL PATHOGEN CRYPTOCOCCUS | CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE | MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | VIRULENCE FACTORS | BRITISH-COLUMBIA | FILOBASIDIELLA-NEOFORMANS | UDP-GLUCOSE DEHYDROGENASE | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | AMPHOTERICIN-B | TEMPERATURE-REGULATED GENES | GDP-MANNOSE TRANSPORTERS | Stress, Physiological - physiology | Cryptococcus neoformans - isolation & purification | Cryptococcus neoformans - physiology | Cryptococcosis - microbiology | Virulence Factors - physiology | Enzymes - physiology | Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal | Humans | Melanins - physiology | Terminology as Topic | Genotype | Cryptococcosis - drug therapy | Fungal Capsules - genetics | Cryptococcus gattii - classification | Fungal Capsules - physiology | Cryptococcus gattii - physiology | Melanins - biosynthesis | Cryptococcus gattii - isolation & purification | Cryptococcus neoformans - classification | Phenotype | Enzymes - biosynthesis | Signal Transduction - physiology | Host-Pathogen Interactions - physiology | Life Cycle Stages - physiology | 094
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10. Full Text The stress response in fish
by S. E. Wendelaar Bonga
Physiological Reviews, ISSN 0031-9333, 07/1997, Volume 77, Issue 3, pp. 591 - 625
The stress response in teleost fish shows many similarities to that of the terrestrial vertebrates. These concern the principal messengers of the... 
PITUITARY-INTERRENAL AXIS | PHYSIOLOGY | CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR | ACUTE HANDLING STRESS | PLASMA SOMATOLACTIN CONCENTRATIONS | POMC-DERIVED PEPTIDES | SALMON SALMO-SALAR | TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS | NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE-RESPONSE | MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE | TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS | Kidney - physiology | Immune System - physiology | Hypothalamus - physiology | Chromaffin Cells - physiology | Reproduction - physiology | Stress, Physiological - physiopathology | Animals | Sympathetic Nervous System - physiology | Fish Diseases - physiopathology | Stress, Physiological - veterinary | Energy Metabolism - physiology | Fishes - physiology | Fishes - growth & development | Neurotransmitter Agents - physiology | Pituitary Gland - physiology | Physiological aspects | Catecholamines | Stress (Physiology) | Research | Fishes | Fish | Anatomy & physiology
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11. Full Text Melanosomes Are Transferred from Melanocytes to Keratinocytes through the Processes of Packaging, Release, Uptake, and Dispersion
by Ando, Hideya and Niki, Yoko and Ito, Masaaki and Akiyama, Kaoru and Matsui, Mary S and Yarosh, Daniel B and Ichihashi, Masamitsu
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, ISSN 0022-202X, 04/2012, Volume 132, Issue 4, pp. 1222 - 1229
Recent studies have described the role of shedding vesicles as physiological conveyers of intracellular components between neighboring cells. Here we report... 
MELANIN TRANSFER | CELLS | HUMAN SKIN | MECHANISM | FILOPODIA | EXOSOMES | DEGRADATION | PATTERNS | PHAGOCYTOSED MELANOSOMES | PIGMENTATION | DERMATOLOGY | Melanosomes - ultrastructure | Transport Vesicles - physiology | Humans | Pigmentation - physiology | Cells, Cultured | Melanosomes - physiology | Male | Melanocytes - ultrastructure | Cell Membrane - ultrastructure | Keratinocytes - cytology | Melanocytes - physiology | Cell Membrane - physiology | Cell Membrane Permeability - physiology | Microvilli - ultrastructure | Melanocytes - cytology | Receptor, PAR-2 - physiology | Biological Transport - physiology | Keratinocytes - ultrastructure | Microvilli - physiology | Keratinocytes - physiology
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12. Full Text Central Control of Body Weight and Appetite
by Woods, Stephen C and D'Alessio, David A
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, ISSN 0021-972X, 11/2008, Volume 93, Issue 11_supplement_1, pp. s37 - s50
Context: Energy balance is critical for survival and health, and control of food intake is an integral part of this process. This report reviews hormonal... 
APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-IV | AGOUTI-RELATED PROTEIN | C-TERMINAL OCTAPEPTIDE | GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | GASTRIN-RELEASING PEPTIDE | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | REDUCES FOOD-INTAKE | MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE | DIET-INDUCED OBESITY | BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER | Satiety Response - physiology | Models, Biological | Humans | Signal Transduction - physiology | Adiposity - physiology | Appetite - physiology | Appetite Regulation - physiology | Body Weight - physiology | Brain - physiology | Nerve Net - physiology | Review
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13. Full Text Leptin in human physiology and therapeutics
by Dardeno, Tina A and Chou, Sharon H and Moon, Hyun-Seuk and Chamberland, John P and Fiorenza, Christina G and Mantzoros, Christos S
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, ISSN 0091-3022, 2010, Volume 31, Issue 3, pp. 377 - 393
Abstract Leptin regulates energy homeostasis and reproductive, neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic functions. In this review, we describe the role of leptin... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Obesity | Lipoatrophy | Leptin | Amenorrhea | Leptin deficiency | Energy homeostasis | Insulin resistance | Adipokines | Leptin resistance | CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE | FOOD-INTAKE | BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE | DIET-INDUCED OBESITY | BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER | NEUROSCIENCES | RECOMBINANT HUMAN LEPTIN | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | HYPOTHALAMIC ARCUATE NUCLEUS | ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM | MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE | REVERSES INSULIN-RESISTANCE | Immune System - physiology | Obesity - drug therapy | Signal Transduction | Humans | Leptin - metabolism | Leptin - therapeutic use | Reproduction - physiology | Metabolic Diseases - drug therapy | Obesity - metabolism | Leptin - physiology | Metabolic Diseases - metabolism | Metabolic Diseases - etiology | Models, Biological | Homeostasis - physiology | Neurosecretory Systems - physiology | Energy Metabolism - physiology | Leptin - deficiency | Physiological aspects | Genetic disorders | lipoatrophy | leptin resistance | adipokines | amenorrhea | leptin | leptin deficiency | energy homeostasis | insulin resistance | obesity
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