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1. Brown fat biology and thermogenesis
by Richard, Denis and Picard, Frederic
Frontiers in Bioscience, ISSN 1093-9946, 01/2011, Volume 16, Issue 4, pp. 1233 - 1260
Brown fat (brown adipose tissue, BAT) primary function is to produce heat. There is now compelling evidence to indicate that brown fat cells in some BAT depots... 
Human | Brain | Energy balance | Obesity | White adipose tissue | Mouse | Rat | Uncoupling protein 1 | Energy expenditure | Brown adipose tissue | Review | ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA | BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTORS | Brown Adipose Tissue | MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | DIET-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS | IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION | Energy Balance | CELL BIOLOGY | WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE | AGOUTI-RELATED PROTEIN | MITOCHONDRIAL UNCOUPLING PROTEIN | White Adipose Tissue | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | Uncoupling Protein 1 | MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE | Energy Expenditure | Humans | Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus - physiology | Male | Ion Channels - physiology | PPAR gamma | Melanocortins - physiology | Thermogenesis - physiology | Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators - physiology | Sympathetic Nervous System - physiology | Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha | Neurons - physiology | Adult | Female | Preoptic Area - physiology | Myoblasts - physiology | Cold Temperature | DNA-Binding Proteins - physiology | Transcription Factors - physiology | Ion Channels - biosynthesis | Melanins - physiology | Adipose Tissue, Brown - physiology | Mitochondrial Proteins - physiology | Mitochondrial Proteins - biosynthesis | Pituitary Hormones - physiology | Hypothalamic Hormones - physiology | Adipocytes, White - physiology | Cell Lineage | Adipose Tissue, Brown - cytology | Adipocytes, Brown - physiology | Animals | Energy Metabolism | Diabetes Mellitus - physiopathology | Sex Factors | Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 | Uncoupling Protein 2 | Heat-Shock Proteins - physiology
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2. Full Text Leptin and the systems neuroscience of meal size control
by Grill, Harvey J
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, ISSN 0091-3022, 2009, Volume 31, Issue 1, pp. 61 - 78
Abstract The development of effective pharmacotherapy for obesity will benefit from a more complete understanding of the neural pathways and the neurochemical... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | Obesity | Energy balance | Oxytocin | Satiation signals | Melanocortin | Review | NTS | Caudal brainstem | ARTERIAL-BLOOD-PRESSURE | ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE | NUCLEUS-TRACTUS-SOLITARIUS | CHRONIC DECEREBRATE RATS | CAUDAL BRAIN-STEM | NEUROSCIENCES | GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 | MELANOCORTIN-3/4 RECEPTOR STIMULATION | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | MEDULLARY RETICULAR-FORMATION | C-FOS EXPRESSION | Signal Transduction | Hypothalamus - physiology | Humans | Neuropeptides - physiology | Receptors, Melanocortin - physiology | Brain - physiology | Neural Pathways - physiology | Eating - physiology | Melanocortins - physiology | Satiation - physiology | Leptin - physiology | Solitary Nucleus - physiology | Vagus Nerve - physiology | Animals | Gastrointestinal Tract - physiology | Afferent Pathways - physiology | Homeostasis - physiology | Neurons - physiology | Neurons | Neurosciences | Hormones
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3. Melanocortins
: multiple actions and therapeutic potential
by Catania, Anna
2010, Advances in experimental medicine and biology, ISBN 9781441963536, Volume 681., xx, 153
This book spans information on chemistry, pharmacology, distribution, and therapeutic potential of melanocortins. It represents the effort of an international... 
physiology | Melanocortins | metabolism | Receptors, Melanocortin | therapeutic use | MSH (Hormone)
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4. Full Text Leptin signaling in astrocytes regulates hypothalamic neuronal circuits and feeding
by Kim, Jae Geun and Suyama, Shigetomo and Koch, Marco and Jin, Sungho and Argente-Arizon, Pilar and Argente, Jesús and Liu, Zhong-Wu and Zimmer, Marcelo R and Jeong, Jin Kwon and Szigeti-Buck, Klara and Gao, Yuanqing and Garcia-Caceres, Cristina and Yi, Chun-Xia and Salmaso, Natalina and Vaccarino, Flora M and Chowen, Julie and Diano, Sabrina and Dietrich, Marcelo O and Tschöp, Matthias H and Horvath, Tamas L
Nature neuroscience, ISSN 1097-6256, 2014, Volume 17, Issue 7, pp. 908 - 910
We found that leptin receptors were expressed in hypothalamic astrocytes and that their conditional deletion led to altered glial morphology and synaptic... 
POMC NEURONS | OBESITY | ARCUATE NUCLEUS | RECEPTORS | NEUROSCIENCES | GLUTAMATE | Immunohistochemistry | Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - genetics | Cell Count | Male | Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - metabolism | Nerve Net - physiology | Pro-Opiomelanocortin - physiology | Eating - physiology | Melanocortins - physiology | Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - physiology | Leptin - physiology | RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis | In Situ Hybridization | Neurons - physiology | Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction | Hypothalamus - physiology | RNA, Messenger - genetics | Leptin - genetics | Microscopy, Electron | Mice, Knockout | Pulmonary Gas Exchange - physiology | Astrocytes - physiology | Animals | Hypothalamus - cytology | Signal Transduction - physiology | Mice | Primary Cell Culture | Physiological aspects | Research | Neurons | Astrocytes | Leptin
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5. Full Text Sixteen years and counting: An update on leptin in energy balance
by Gautron, Laurent and Elmquist, Joel K
Journal of Clinical Investigation, ISSN 0021-9738, 06/2011, Volume 121, Issue 6, pp. 2087 - 2093
Cloned in 1994, the ob gene encodes the protein hormone leptin, which is produced and secreted by white adipose tissue. Since its discovery, leptin has been... 
MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | SOLITARY TRACT | GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS | FOOD-INTAKE | PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN NEURONS | GENE-EXPRESSION | CAUDAL BRAIN-STEM | ARCUATE NUCLEUS | VENTRAL PREMAMMILLARY NUCLEUS | MELANOCORTIN SYSTEM | SIGNAL TRANSDUCER | Adaptation, Physiological | Overnutrition - physiopathology | Receptors, Leptin - genetics | Humans | Adipose Tissue, White - secretion | Brain - physiology | Pro-Opiomelanocortin - physiology | Leptin - physiology | Sympathetic Nervous System - physiology | Energy Metabolism - physiology | Disease Models, Animal | Hypothalamus - physiology | Leptin - genetics | Feeding Behavior - physiology | Receptors, Leptin - deficiency | Animals | Models, Biological | Receptors, Leptin - physiology | Glucose - metabolism | Mice, Obese | Mice | Starvation - physiopathology | Body Weight - physiology | Leptin - deficiency | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - physiology | Physiological aspects | Glucose metabolism | Diabetes | Glucose | Leptin | Dextrose | Review
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6. Full Text From neuroanatomy to behavior: Central integration of peripheral signals regulating feeding behavior
by Williams, Kevin W and Elmquist, Joel K
Nature Neuroscience, ISSN 1097-6256, 10/2012, Volume 15, Issue 10, pp. 1350 - 1355
Over the past two centuries, prevalent models of energy and glucose homeostasis have emerged from careful anatomical descriptions in tandem with an... 
ENERGY-BALANCE | POMC NEURONS | NUCLEUS-TRACTUS-SOLITARIUS | GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 | FOOD-INTAKE | BODY-WEIGHT REGULATION | ARCUATE PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN NEURONS | LEPTIN RECEPTOR | INSULIN-RECEPTOR GENE | NEUROSCIENCES | HEPATIC GLUCOSE-PRODUCTION | Insulin - pharmacology | Ghrelin - physiology | Synaptic Transmission - physiology | Brain - anatomy & histology | Humans | Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - physiology | Brain - physiology | Neural Pathways - physiology | Feeding Behavior - physiology | Eating - physiology | Melanocortins - physiology | Leptin - physiology | Neural Pathways - anatomy & histology | Animals | Cholecystokinin | Models, Neurological | Energy Metabolism - physiology | Neural transmission | Energy metabolism | Research | Bioenergetics | Neuroanatomy
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7. Full Text Neurobiology of food anticipatory circadian rhythms
by Mistlberger, Ralph E
Physiology & Behavior, ISSN 0031-9384, 2011, Volume 104, Issue 4, pp. 535 - 545
Abstract Mistlberger, R.E. Neurobiology of food anticipatory circadian rhythms. Physiol Behav 00(00):000–000, 2011. Circadian rhythms in mammals can be... 
Psychiatry | Circadian rhythms | Sirtuins | Dorsomedial hypothalamus | Ghrelin | Leptin | Foraging | Entrainment | Melanocortin | Clock genes | Caloric restriction | DORSOMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY | OREXIN NEURONS | DEFICIENT MICE | FEEDING SCHEDULES | MAMMALIAN RETINA | ENERGY-BALANCE | THALAMIC PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS | SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS | GHRELIN SECRETION | BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES | PSYCHOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL | Leptin - physiology | CLOCK Proteins - physiology | Animals | Ghrelin - physiology | Models, Biological | Sirtuins - physiology | Anticipation, Psychological - physiology | Circadian Rhythm - physiology | Brain - physiology | Circadian Clocks - physiology | Eating - physiology | Melanocortins - physiology
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8. Full Text The Melanocortin-4 Receptor: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Pathophysiology
by Tao, Ya-Xiong
Endocrine Reviews, ISSN 0163-769X, 08/2010, Volume 31, Issue 4, pp. 506 - 543
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) was cloned in 1993 by degenerate PCR; however, its function was unknown. Subsequent studies suggest that the MC4R might be... 
CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE | HIGH-FAT DIET | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING-HORMONE | AGOUTI-RELATED-PROTEIN | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | EARLY-ONSET OBESITY | PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN MESSENGER-RNA | DIET-INDUCED OBESITY | NEPHROGENIC DIABETES-INSIPIDUS | HYPOTHALAMIC PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS | Amino Acid Sequence | Sexual Behavior | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - chemistry | Signal Transduction | Humans | Gene Expression Regulation | Homeostasis | Molecular Sequence Data | Lipid Metabolism | Cachexia | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - genetics | Organ Specificity | Cardiovascular System | Obesity - genetics | Reproduction | Sequence Alignment | Animals | Cloning, Molecular | Glucose - metabolism | Mutation | Energy Metabolism - genetics | Energy Metabolism - physiology | Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 - physiology
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