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1. Full Text Instability of a dinucleotide repeat in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) gene in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal carcinoma
by Cherukuri, Durga Prasad and Deignan, Joshua L and Das, Kingshuk and Grody, Wayne W and Herschman, Harvey
Molecular Oncology, ISSN 1574-7891, 08/2015, Volume 9, Issue 7, pp. 1252 - 1258
DNA mismatch-repair gene mutations, with consequent loss of functional protein expression, result in microsatellite instability (MSI). Microsatellite sequences... 
mPGES-1 | Microsatellite instability | Dinucleotide repeat | Colorectal cancer | MPGES-1 | ONCOLOGY | COLON CARCINOGENESIS | RECEPTOR | CANCER | TUMORIGENESIS | Colorectal Neoplasms - enzymology | Microsatellite Instability | Dinucleotide Repeats | Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - genetics | Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics | Humans | Prostaglandin-E Synthases | RNA, Messenger - genetics | Cell Line, Tumor | 3' Untranslated Regions | Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology | Laboratories | Colorectal carcinoma | Insertion | Prostaglandin E2 | Regulatory sequences | Tumor cell lines | Gene deletion | Gene expression | DNA repair | Proteins | Studies | Clonal deletion | 3' Untranslated regions | Mismatch repair | Cell lines | Mutation | Prostaglandin E | Genetic testing | Binding sites | Deoxyribonucleic acid--DNA | Tumors | Research Papers | Research Paper
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2. Full Text Is there a role for programmed death ligand-1 testing and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability?: Part I-Colorectal Cancer: Microsatellite Instability, Testing, and Clinical Implications
by Marginean, Esmeralda Celia and Melosky, Barbara
Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, ISSN 0003-9985, 01/2018, Volume 142, Issue 1, pp. 17 - 25
Context.-Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most-common cancer in developed countries and is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Two... 
ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY | MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | LYNCH-SYNDROME | CLASSIFICATION | RISK | COLON | PATHOLOGY | TUMORS | BETHESDA GUIDELINES | HEREDITARY | PREDICT | CARCINOMAS | MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY | Polymerase chain reaction | Usage | Care and treatment | Immunotherapy | Colorectal cancer | Genetic aspects | Research | Gene expression | Risk factors | Apoptosis | DNA polymerase | Accounting | Colorectal carcinoma | Genomics | Systematic review | Genomes | Microsatellite instability | Metabolism | Cancer therapies | Consortia | Chemotherapy | Medical prognosis | Classification | DNA methylation | Ligands | Genetic testing | Mutation | Deoxyribonucleic acid--DNA | Tumors
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3. Full Text Is there a role for programmed death ligand-1 testing and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability?: Part II-the challenge of programmed death ligand-1 testing and its role in microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer
by Marginean, Esmeralda Celia and Melosky, Barbara
Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, ISSN 0003-9985, 01/2018, Volume 142, Issue 1, pp. 26 - 34
Context.-The world of oncology has changed dramatically in the past few years with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors and immunotherapy. The promising... 
CELL LUNG-CANCER | MISMATCH-REPAIR DEFICIENCY | MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | SAFETY | PD-L1 | MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY | PATHOLOGY | BLOCKADE | TUMORS | CARCINOMA | Care and treatment | Usage | Immune response | Analysis | Immunotherapy | Colorectal cancer | Genetic aspects | Research | Diagnosis | Gene expression | Apoptosis | Immunohistochemistry | PD-1 protein | Lung cancer | Colorectal carcinoma | Cytotoxicity | Lymphocytes T | Metastasis | Microsatellite instability | Metastases | CTLA-4 protein | Pembrolizumab | Lymphocytes | Mismatch repair | Immune system | Antigens | Immunoglobulins | Immunomodulation | Melanoma | T cell receptors | Lung carcinoma | Immune checkpoint | Surveillance | PD-L1 protein | Biomarkers | Ligands | Death | Tumors
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4. Full Text Genome instability and aging
by Vijg, Jan and Suh, Yousin
Annual Review of Physiology, ISSN 0066-4278, 02/2013, Volume 75, Issue 1, pp. 645 - 668
Genome instability has long been implicated as the main causal factor in aging. Somatic cells are continuously exposed to various sources of DNA damage, from... 
Mutations | Epimutations | Genetic variation | DNA damage | Gene regulation | Longevity | Age-related disease | TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS | LIFE-SPAN | DNA-POLYMERASE BETA | PHYSIOLOGY | HUMAN LONGEVITY | MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY | HUMAN-CELLS | age-related disease | genetic variation | CELLULAR SENESCENCE | SOMATIC MUTATIONS | epimutations | mutations | BASE EXCISION-REPAIR | gene regulation | IN-VIVO | longevity | Genome - physiology | Humans | DNA Repair - physiology | Genome - genetics | Genomic Instability - physiology | DNA, Mitochondrial - physiology | DNA Repair - genetics | Longevity - genetics | Mutation - genetics | Mutation - physiology | Animals | DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics | Aging - genetics | Aging - physiology | DNA Damage - physiology | DNA Damage - genetics | Longevity - physiology | Genomic Instability - genetics | Gene mutations | Genomics | Aging | Physiological aspects | Genetic aspects | Research | DNA repair | Health aspects
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5. Full Text Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer
by Boland, C. Richard and Goel, Ajay
Gastroenterology, ISSN 0016-5085, 2010, Volume 138, Issue 6, pp. 2073 - 2087.e3
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a hypermutable phenotype caused by the loss of DNA mismatch repair activity. MSI is detected in about 15% of all colorectal... 
Gastroenterology and Hepatology | Lynch Syndrome | Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer | DNA Mismatch Repair | ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY | LYNCH-SYNDROME | CPG ISLAND | ULCERATIVE-COLITIS | NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE | TUMOR-CELLS | ISLAND METHYLATOR PHENOTYPE | NONPOLYPOSIS COLON-CANCER | DNA MISMATCH-REPAIR | MUTS HOMOLOG | GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY | Genetic Predisposition to Disease | Microsatellite Instability | Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics | Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis - genetics | Humans | Risk Factors | Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic | Treatment Outcome | Colorectal Neoplasms - therapy | Phenotype | Animals | Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics | Mutation | Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - pathology | Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology | Gastrointestinal diseases | Oncology, Experimental | DNA | Colorectal cancer | Genetic aspects | Research | Intermedin | Transforming growth factors | Cancer | Tumors | Fluorouracil
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6. Full Text Immunohistochemistry versus Microsatellite Instability Testing for Screening Colorectal Cancer Patients at Risk for Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome: Part II. The Utility of Microsatellite Instability Testing
by Zhang, Liying
Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, ISSN 1525-1578, 07/2008, Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 301 - 307
Germline mutations in the mismatch repair genes mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) and mutS homolog 2 (MSH2), MSH6, and postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2) lead to... 
MSH6 | LYNCH-SYNDROME | GENE | BRAF MUTATION | GERMLINE EPIMUTATION | REVISED BETHESDA GUIDELINES | MISMATCH-REPAIR | COLON | PATHOLOGY | MLH1 | TUMORS | Microsatellite Instability | Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics | Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis - genetics | Humans | Risk Factors | Mass Screening - methods | Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis | Syndrome | Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis - prevention & control | Immunohistochemistry - methods | Sensitivity and Specificity | Colorectal Neoplasms - complications | Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis - etiology | Counterpoint | Point
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7. Full Text Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer-the stable evidence
by Gruber, Stephen B and Vilar, Eduardo
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, ISSN 1759-4774, 03/2010, Volume 7, Issue 3, pp. 153 - 162
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is the molecular fingerprint of a deficient mismatch repair system. Approximately 15% of colorectal cancers (CRC) display MSI... 
COLON-CANCER | ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY | PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION | LYNCH-SYNDROME | MISMATCH-REPAIR SYSTEM | SURVIVAL BENEFIT | ONCOLOGY | BRAF MUTATIONS | HIGH-FREQUENCY | REVISED BETHESDA GUIDELINES | PIK3CA MUTATION | Microsatellite Instability | Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics | DNA Repair | Humans | DNA Repair Enzymes - genetics | Germ-Line Mutation - genetics | Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis | Satellite DNA | Complications and side effects | Chemotherapy | Chromosome abnormalities | Colorectal cancer | Physiological aspects | Genetic aspects | Research | Drug therapy | Health aspects | Risk factors | Cancer
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8. Full Text Microsatellite instability: an update
by Yamamoto, Hiroyuki and Imai, Kohzoh
Archives of Toxicology, ISSN 0340-5761, 6/2015, Volume 89, Issue 6, pp. 899 - 921
Deficient DNA mismatch repair (MMR) results in a strong mutator phenotype known as microsatellite instability (MSI), which is a hallmark of Lynch... 
Biomedicine | Environmental Health | Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine | Frameshift mutation | microRNA | Microsatellite instability | Pharmacology/Toxicology | Biomedicine general | DNA mismatch repair | microRNA processing | LYNCH-SYNDROME | NONPOLYPOSIS COLORECTAL-CANCER | ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA | ISLAND METHYLATOR PHENOTYPE | COLON-CANCER | GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER | BRAF MUTATION | GASTRIC-CANCER | SOMATIC FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS | TOXICOLOGY | MutL Protein Homolog 1 | DNA Methylation | Microsatellite Instability | Frameshift Mutation | Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis - genetics | Epigenesis, Genetic | Humans | Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - genetics | MicroRNAs - genetics | MutS Homolog 2 Protein - genetics | DNA Mismatch Repair - genetics | Nuclear Proteins - genetics | Epigenetic inheritance | Chemotherapy | MicroRNA | Endometrial cancer | Gene mutations | Analysis | Genomics | Colorectal cancer | Heat shock proteins | Methylation | Cancer | Genotype & phenotype | Mutation | MicroRNAs | Deoxyribonucleic acid--DNA | Index Medicus
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9. Full Text Microsatellite Instability
by de la Chapelle, Albert
The New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, 07/2003, Volume 349, Issue 3, pp. 209 - 210
Microsatellites are stretches of DNA in which a short motif (usually one to five nucleotides long) is repeated several times. A typical mononucleotide-repeat... 
MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | Genetic Predisposition to Disease | Prognosis | Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics | Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis - genetics | Humans | Base Pair Mismatch | Microsatellite Repeats - genetics | Neoplasms - genetics | Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics | Colorectal Neoplasms - drug therapy | DNA Repair | DNA, Neoplasm | Chemotherapy, Adjuvant | Mutation | Genetic aspects | Chromosome abnormalities | Colorectal cancer | Genetics | Genes | Tumors
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10. Full Text The Chromosomal Instability Pathway in Colon Cancer
by Pino, Maria S and Chung, Daniel C
Gastroenterology, ISSN 0016-5085, 2010, Volume 138, Issue 6, pp. 2059 - 2072
The acquisition of genomic instability is a crucial feature in tumor development and there are at least 3 distinct pathways in colorectal cancer pathogenesis:... 
Gastroenterology and Hepatology | Colorectal Cancer | Genomic Instability | Chromosomal Instability | STEM-CELLS | KIRSTEN RAS MUTATIONS | MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY | HUMAN COLORECTAL CANCERS | BETA-CATENIN | TELOMERASE ACTIVITY | TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR | FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS | GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY | ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI | Colonic Neoplasms - genetics | Humans | Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic | Aneuploidy | Genotype | Precancerous Conditions - metabolism | Signal Transduction - genetics | Loss of Heterozygosity | Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - metabolism | Precancerous Conditions - genetics | Colonic Neoplasms - metabolism | Phenotype | Animals | Neoplastic Stem Cells - metabolism | Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics | Mutation | Ubiquitin | Colon cancer | Stem cells | Cytogenetics | Development and progression | Genetic aspects | Tumors | Cancer
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11. Full Text Genomic instability - the engine of tumorigenesis?
by Heinimann, Karl and Tomlinson, Ian P. M and Sieber, Oliver M
Nature Reviews Cancer, ISSN 1474-175X, 09/2003, Volume 3, Issue 9, pp. 701 - 708
Human cancers harbour numerous mutations and it has been proposed that these result from some form of inherent genomic instability. Some cancers have proven... 
DNA MISMATCH REPAIR | SOMATIC G-C->T-A MUTATIONS | GENETIC INSTABILITY | ONCOLOGY | NONPOLYPOSIS COLORECTAL-CANCER | MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY | ADENOMA-CARCINOMA SEQUENCE | APC TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR | DIFFUSE GASTRIC-CANCER | CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY | CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS | Neoplasms - genetics | Mutation - genetics | Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics | Humans | Chromosome Aberrations | Control | Gene mutations | Genetic aspects | Research | Carcinogenesis | Health aspects | Risk factors
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