Articles

Income | Wealth

There are few areas of economic policy-making in which the returns to good decisions are so high-and the punishment of bad decisions so crue as in the... 
Finance & Accounting | Petroleum | Environmental Studies | Public Finance | Petroleum & Oil Industries | Environmental Economics | Energy Industries & Utilities | International Economics | Gas Industries | Environmental Politics | Mining leases | Taxation | Mines and mineral resources

Closing the Coverage Gap discusses how social pensions and other retirement income transfers can be used to close the coverage gap of mandatory pension... 
Old age pensions | Social security | Retirement income | Government policy | PENSION AGE | LABOR MARKETS | PENSION COVERAGE | INCOME GROUP | NATIONAL POPULATION | HEALTH ECONOMICS | SOCIAL PENSIONS | ECONOMIC ANALYSIS | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT | MINIMUM WAGE | POLICY ANALYSIS | SOCIAL RETURNS | ECONOMIC GROWTH | LOW INCOME | CASH TRANSFERS | POLICY FRAMEWORK | PUBLIC POLICY | SOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMS | MINIMUM PENSION | PENSION PLAN | PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT | ELDERLY POPULATION | COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS | SOCIAL PENSION | CONTRIBUTION | SAFETY NET | SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS | BASIC PENSION | OLDER WOMEN | TAKE-UP RATE | URBAN AREAS | HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS | OLDER PEOPLE | TAX RATE | POOR FAMILIES | CHILD CARE | MANDATORY CONTRIBUTION | ADMINISTRATIVE DATA | PENSION ACCOUNT | MINIMUM PENSIONS | VULNERABILITY | CLIMATE CHANGE | INCOME SECURITY | PUBLIC PENSIONS | RISK AVERSION | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PENSION ISSUES | POLICY GUIDANCE | DISCOUNT RATES | RETIREMENT AGE | PUBLIC PENSION SCHEMES | SOCIAL POLICY | CREDITS | MARGINAL TAX RATES | PENSION REFORM PRIMER | PENSION WEALTH | PENSION SYSTEM | HEALTH INSURANCE | CONTRIBUTIONS | ELDERLY PERSONS | FAMILY STRUCTURES | POPULATION AGEING | POVERTY LEVELS | TRADITIONAL FAMILY | WORTH | SELF-EMPLOYMENT | CASH TRANSFER | LIVING STANDARDS | COMMODITY | OLD-AGE | SALARY | LONG-TERM SAVING | FAMILY ALLOWANCES | WITHDRAWAL RATE | DISABILITY | OLD-AGE PENSION | HUMAN RIGHTS | PENSION REFORM | COST ESTIMATES | RETIREMENT | LABOR MARKET TRANSITIONS | LOW-INCOME WORKERS | NATIONAL COMMITTEE | LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION | AVERAGE BENEFIT | LABOR MARKET | WORKING AGE | REPLACEMENT RATES | FINANCIAL PLANNER | LOW FERTILITY | BENEFICIARIES | DEVELOPMENT BANK | INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY | WAGES | LABOR SUPPLY | NATIONAL PENSION | PENSION PROGRAMS | RURAL AREAS | URBANIZATION | SOCIAL INSURANCE | NORMAL RETIREMENT AGE | GLOBAL POPULATION | INFORMATION SYSTEMS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | PENSIONS | CITIZEN | MIGRATION | PENSION SYSTEMS | ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT | SKILLED WORKERS | PUBLIC EXPENDITURES | PENSION REFORMS | SOCIAL ASSISTANCE | POLICY RESEARCH | BASIC PENSIONS | SAVINGS | ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS | PRIVATE PENSION PROVIDERS | SOCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT | PRIVATE PENSION | LOW-INCOME INDIVIDUALS | FERTILITY RATES | RATES OF RETURN | CONTINGENCIES | GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT | PENSION | CITIZENS | PRACTITIONERS | FAMILY POLICIES | INDIGENOUS PEOPLE | PENSION SCHEME | NATIONAL PLAN | MINORITY | PENSION PROVISIONS | LIMITED RESOURCES | CHRONIC POVERTY | QUALITY OF SERVICES | DISSEMINATION | NUTRITION | PROBABILITIES | PUBLIC ECONOMICS | ECONOMIC POLICIES | POVERTY RATES | PENSION ARRANGEMENTS | ORPHANS | INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION | INCOME LEVEL | MANDATES | BENEFIT FORMULAS | RETIREMENT INCOMES | RETIREMENT INCOME | EARLY RETIREMENT | PENSION TRANSFERS | POVERTY RATE | SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATIONS | IMPORTANT POLICY | BEST PRACTICES | PENSION RIGHTS | GENERAL POPULATION | ELDERLY | RETIREMENT-INCOME | MINISTRY OF EDUCATION | CURRENT PROGRAMS | POOR INDIVIDUALS | VOLUNTARY SAVINGS | INCOME LEVELS | PROBABILITY | FAMILY SUPPORT | LEGAL STATUS | MARKET ECONOMIES | SOURCES OF INCOME | RETIREMENT AGES | PENSION BENEFITS | PENSION REGULATION | WITHDRAWAL | SAFETY NETS | ECONOMIC COSTS | LOW-INCOME | SOUND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT | IMPACTS OF POPULATION | AVERAGE EARNINGS | PENSION INCOME | MATERNITY LEAVE | PENSION SCHEMES | SAVINGS INSTRUMENTS | SOCIAL EXPENDITURES | POPULATION GROUPS | LIFE EXPECTANCY | LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES | SENIOR | BABIES | PRIVATE INVESTMENTS | VALUATION | POVERTY REDUCTION | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | RETIRED | HOUSEHOLD INCOME | SOCIAL PROTECTION | LABOR FORCE | SOCIAL SECURITY | ASSET HOLDINGS | INTEREST RATE | CONTRIBUTION RATES | FINANCIAL SUPPORT | OLD AGE | SOCIAL WELFARE | KNOWLEDGE GAP | PUBLIC PENSION | FINANCIAL ASPECTS | NATURAL RESOURCES | INVESTMENT DECISION | CALCULATIONS | ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGES | LONG-TERM SAVINGS | FIXED COST | TRADE UNION | FINANCIAL POLICY | POLICY MAKERS | HUMAN RIGHT | SMALL ENTERPRISES | BUDGETING | OLDER MEN | SOCIAL AFFAIRS | DEFINED CONTRIBUTIONS

How should Japan cope with the challenges posed by a shrinking and ageing population and the quickening pace of globalization? Japan has largely overcome the... 
Japan Economic conditions | Japan Economic policy

"It may sound crazy to pay people an income whether or not they are working or looking for work. But the idea of providing an unconditional basic income to... 
Economics | Sociological aspects | Guaranteed annual income | Public welfare | Basic needs

Income distribution | Welfare state

What do we mean by inequality comparisons? If the rich just get richer and the poor get poorer, the answer might seem easy. But what if the income distribution... 
Income distribution | Mathematical models | Statistical methods | Poverty | macroeconomics and monetary economics | Income distribution - Mathematical models | Price index | Welfare economics | Inequality comparisons | Inequality measurement | Inequality analysis | Gini coefficient | National Income | Distributional analysis | Information theory

This book presents estimates of the growth of the tsarist economy during the 'industrialization era', 1885–1913. The performance of the tsarist economy is... 
History | National income

Social Policy in East and South East Asia provides the first systematic comparison of the policy sectors of income maintenance, health, housing and education... 
Singapur | Sozialpolitik | Hongkong | Wohnungsbaupolitik | Taiwan | Ostasien | Bildungspolitik | Gesundheitspolitik | Soziale Sicherung | Südkorea | Asian Studies | Social Policy | Chinese Studies | Social policy | East Asia | Southeast Asia | Economic policy

Social Policy in East and South East Asia provides the first systematic comparison of the policy sectors of income maintenance, health, housing and education... 
East Asia Economic policy | Southeast Asia Social policy | Southeast Asia Economic policy | East Asia Social policy | Singapur | Sozialpolitik | Hongkong | Wohnungsbaupolitik | Taiwan | Ostasien | Bildungspolitik | Gesundheitspolitik | Soziale Sicherung | Südkorea | Asian Studies | Social Policy | Chinese Studies | Social policy | East Asia | Southeast Asia | Economic policy

This book analyzes the recent evolution of the Polish fixedincome securities market, including the money market, the government bond market, and the... 
Government policy | Fixed-income securities | Poland | COMPETITIVENESS | LATIN AMERICAN | COLLATERAL | COMMERCIAL BANKS | BANKING SUPERVISION | DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY | SYSTEMIC RISK | FINANCIAL MARKET | MATURITIES | RESERVE REQUIREMENT | DEBT | MARKET DEVELOPMENTS | MONETARY POLICY | RATING AGENCIES | GDP | DISCLOSURE | MORAL HAZARD | MARKET SEGMENT | CREDIT RISK | ACCOUNTING | MARKET CONDITIONS | UNDERWRITERS | FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION | SUBSTITUTION | FINANCIAL MARKETS | SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS | GOVERNMENT BONDS | INTEREST RATES | AUTONOMY | LOCAL GOVERNMENT BORROWING | MUNICIPAL | TRANSFERS OF ASSETS | CREDIT RATINGS | LOCAL GOVERNMENT BUDGETS | BONDS | MARKET SEGMENTS | CENTRAL BANK | FOREIGN EXCHANGE | INTEREST INCOME | EMERGING MARKETS | FINANCIAL SECTOR | VALUE ADDED | SUBNATIONAL FINANCE | VOLATILITY | LIABILITY MANAGEMENT | PROPERTY TAX BASE | MONEY MARKET | SUBSIDIARY | BANKING SYSTEM | REGULATORY FRAMEWORK | INEFFICIENCY | CORPORATE FINANCE | INSURANCE | CITIES | MATURITY | REVENUE BONDS | CENTRAL BANKS | TRANSPORT | LOCAL GOVERNMENT | BANKS | HOUSING | PUBLIC DEBT | SPREAD | CAPITAL EXPENDITURES | MARKET DEVELOPMENT | FEASIBILITY STUDY | BENCHMARKS | SALE | FINANCIAL REPORTING | MUNICIPALITIES | RETAIL | TURNOVER | SECURITIES | BANKRUPTCY | BANKING SECTOR | LOCAL GOVERNMENTS | MARKET ACCESS | SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS | T-BILLS | MONETARY POLICY OPERATIONS | DIVIDENDS | MUNICIPAL BONDS | PRIVATE PLACEMENT | EXCESS LIQUIDITY | PRICING STRATEGY | LEVEL PLAYING FIELD | DEPOSITS | ASSET MANAGEMENT | INFLATION | NATIONAL ECONOMY | RISK MANAGEMENT | PACIFIC REGION | MARKET TRANSPARENCY | STOCKS | FINANCIAL SERVICES | OTC