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1. Full Text Functional Characterization of Mouse Organic Anion Transporting Peptide 1a4 in the Uptake and Efflux of Drugs Across the Blood-Brain Barrier
by Atsushi Ose and Hiroyuki Kusuhara and Chihiro Endo and Kimio Tohyama and Mari Miyajima and Satoshi Kitamura and Yuichi Sugiyama
Drug Metabolism and Disposition, ISSN 0090-9556, 01/2010, Volume 38, Issue 1, pp. 168 - 176
This study investigated the role of a multispecific organic anion transporter, Oatp1a4/ Slco1a4 , in drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. In vitro... 
LOCALIZATION | INVOLVEMENT | POLYPEPTIDE-2 | PENETRATION | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | RAT-BRAIN | OATP2 | BCRP/ABCG2 | 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL-D-17-BETA-GLUCURONIDE | CANCER RESISTANCE PROTEIN | P-GLYCOPROTEIN | Fluorobenzenes - pharmacokinetics | Gene Expression - genetics | Pyrimidines - blood | Humans | Ion Pumps - genetics | Fluorobenzenes - administration & dosage | Quinolines - administration & dosage | Pyrimidines - metabolism | Brain - metabolism | Quinolines - pharmacokinetics | Choroid Plexus - blood supply | ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - genetics | Ochratoxins - administration & dosage | Cell Membrane - metabolism | Cerebral Cortex - drug effects | Capillaries - metabolism | Fluorobenzenes - metabolism | Tetrahydroisoquinolines - pharmacology | Organic Cation Transport Proteins - metabolism | Pravastatin - metabolism | Liver - metabolism | Rosuvastatin Calcium | Sulfonamides - pharmacokinetics | Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism | Mice, Knockout | Brain - drug effects | Taurocholic Acid - administration & dosage | Pravastatin - administration & dosage | Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)- - administration & dosage | Pyrimidines - pharmacokinetics | Mice | Kinetics | Organic Cation Transport Proteins - genetics | Pravastatin - pharmacokinetics | Sulfonamides - administration & dosage | Quinolines - blood | Digoxin - metabolism | Taurocholic Acid - metabolism | Choroid Plexus - metabolism | Taurocholic Acid - blood | Ochratoxins - pharmacokinetics | ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 - antagonists & inhibitors | Ochratoxins - metabolism | Cerebral Cortex - metabolism | Organic Anion Transporters - metabolism | Brain - blood supply | Sulfonamides - blood | Organic Anion Transporters - genetics | Transfection | Fluorobenzenes - blood | Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)- - pharmacokinetics | Recombinant Proteins - metabolism | Cell Line | Pyrimidines - administration & dosage | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Recombinant Proteins - genetics | Blood-Brain Barrier - drug effects | Digoxin - pharmacokinetics | Quinolines - metabolism | Taurocholic Acid - pharmacokinetics | Liver - blood supply | Pharmaceutical Preparations - metabolism | Animals | Digoxin - administration & dosage | Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)- - metabolism | Acridines - pharmacology | Sulfonamides - metabolism
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2. Full Text Investigation of the Importance of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 4 (Mrp4/Abcc4) in the Active Efflux of Anionic Drugs Across the Blood–Brain Barrier
by Kanamitsu, Kayoko and Kusuhara, Hiroyuki and Schuetz, John D and Takeuchi, Kenji and Sugiyama, Yuichi
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN 0022-3549, 09/2017, Volume 106, Issue 9, pp. 2566 - 2575
The importance of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (Mrp4/ ) in limiting the penetration of Mrp4 substrate compounds into the central nervous system... 
blood-brain barrier | P-glycoprotein | MRP | ABC transporters | cerebrospinal fluid | CELLS | CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL | TRANSPORTER | TESTIS PENETRATION | METHOTREXATE | BCRP/ABCG2 | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | CONFERS RESISTANCE | TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS | TOPOTECAN | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | KIDNEY | Central Nervous System - metabolism | Humans | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid - chemistry | Ochratoxins - chemistry | Male | Thiophenes - metabolism | Ochratoxins - metabolism | Pravastatin - chemistry | Brain - metabolism | Uric Acid - chemistry | Biological Transport | Quinazolines - metabolism | Tetrahydroisoquinolines - chemistry | Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism | Cyclic GMP - chemistry | Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins - genetics | Quinazolines - chemistry | Methotrexate - chemistry | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid - metabolism | Acridines - chemistry | Methotrexate - metabolism | Uric Acid - metabolism | Acridines - metabolism | Pravastatin - metabolism | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Quinolines - chemistry | Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism | Quinolines - metabolism | Animals | Cyclic GMP - metabolism | Tetrahydroisoquinolines - metabolism | Kinetics | Adenosine Triphosphate - chemistry | Thiophenes - chemistry | Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins - metabolism | Blood–brain barrier
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3. Full Text An in vitro approach to detect metabolite toxicity due to CYP3A4-dependent bioactivation of xenobiotics
by Vignati, Luisella and Turlizzi, Elisa and Monaci, Sonia and Grossi, Pietro and Kanter, Ruben de and Monshouwer, Mario
Toxicology, ISSN 0300-483X, 2005, Volume 216, Issue 2, pp. 154 - 167
Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites. In order to reduce attrition due... 
Reactive metabolites | Cytotoxicity | Metabolism-mediated toxicity | CYP3A4 | In vitro screening | Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) | CYTOCHROME-P450 | MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY | HUMAN HEPATOCYTE CULTURES | in vitro screening | CARBAMAZEPINE | adverse drug reactions (ADRs) | STABLE EXPRESSION | INDUCTION | metabolism-mediated toxicity | IDIOSYNCRATIC DRUG-REACTIONS | CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS | HEPG2 CELLS | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | TOXICOLOGY | reactive metabolites | HUMAN-LIVER-MICROSOMES | cytotoxicity | Microsomes - metabolism | Thiazoles - metabolism | Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors | Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A | Coculture Techniques | Humans | Thiazolidinediones - toxicity | Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism | Isoniazid - toxicity | Xenobiotics - toxicity | Chromans - metabolism | Flutamide - metabolism | Triazolam - toxicity | Microsomes - drug effects | Triazolam - metabolism | Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism | Carbamazepine - toxicity | Toxicity Tests - methods | Xenobiotics - metabolism | Cell Culture Techniques | Cell Survival - drug effects | Albendazole - toxicity | Tamoxifen - toxicity | Dapsone - metabolism | Dapsone - toxicity | Cell Line, Tumor | Glutathione - chemistry | Troglitazone | Buthionine Sulfoximine - pharmacology | Quinidine - toxicity | Amitriptyline - toxicity | Glutathione - metabolism | Flutamide - toxicity | Substrate Specificity | Piperazines - metabolism | Piperazines - toxicity | Ochratoxins - metabolism | Xenobiotics - chemistry | Tetrazolium Salts - metabolism | Carbamazepine - metabolism | Quinidine - metabolism | Tamoxifen - metabolism | Amitriptyline - metabolism | Glutathione - antagonists & inhibitors | Enzyme Activation - drug effects | Thiazolidinediones - metabolism | Ochratoxins - toxicity | Thiazoles - toxicity | Animals | Albendazole - metabolism | Chromans - toxicity | Isoniazid - metabolism | Phosphates | Metabolites | Ketoconazole | Cytochrome P-450 | Control systems | Xenobiotics | Glutathione
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4. Full Text In vitro immune toxicity of ochratoxin A in porcine alveolar macrophages: A role for the ROS-relative TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway
by Xu, Jing and Xu, Haibin and Hao, Shu and Gan, Fang and Wang, Hong and Liu, Dandan and Huang, Kehe
Chemico-Biological Interactions, ISSN 0009-2797, 06/2017, Volume 272, pp. 107 - 116
Ochratoxin A (OTA) frequently contaminates a wide variety of food and feeds, inducing immune toxicity of animals. However, the underlying mechanism remains... 
Immune toxicity | Ochratoxin A | TLR4 | MyD88 | ROS | CELLS | APOPTOSIS | OXIDATIVE STRESS | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | MYCOTOXIN OCHRATOXIN | NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA | AFLATOXIN B-1 | INFLAMMATION | TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | TOXICOLOGY | EXPRESSION | Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism | Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism | Gene Expression - drug effects | Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics | Interleukin-1beta - genetics | Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism | Interleukin-1beta - metabolism | Swine | Hydro-Lyases - metabolism | p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism | Toll-Like Receptor 4 - antagonists & inhibitors | Cell Line | Cell Survival - drug effects | bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism | Toll-Like Receptor 4 - genetics | Toll-Like Receptor 4 - metabolism | Ochratoxins - toxicity | Animals | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - metabolism | Signal Transduction - drug effects | Transcription Factor RelA - metabolism | Macrophages, Alveolar - drug effects | Macrophages, Alveolar - cytology | Macrophages, Alveolar - metabolism | Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - metabolism | RNA, Small Interfering - metabolism | Antioxidants | RNA | Macrophages | Analysis | Food contamination | Index Medicus
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5. The Biosynthesis of mycotoxins
: a study in secondary metabolism
by Steyn, Pieter S
1980, ISBN 9780126706505, xv, 432
Fungi | Metabolism, Secondary | Physiology | Biosynthesis | Synthesis | Mycotoxins
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6. Full Text The microbial ecology of wine grape berries
by Barata, A and Malfeito-Ferreira, M and Loureiro, V
International Journal of Food Microbiology, ISSN 0168-1605, 02/2012, Volume 153, Issue 3, pp. 243 - 259
Grapes have a complex microbial ecology including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria with different physiological characteristics and effects upon wine... 
Microbial ecology | Damaged grapes | Lactic acid bacteria | Grapes | Acetic acid bacteria | Spoilage yeasts | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | MICROBIOLOGY | TRADITIONAL BALSAMIC VINEGAR | MILDEW UNCINULA-NECATOR | GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS | NON-SACCHAROMYCES YEASTS | ACETIC-ACID BACTERIA | RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE | VITIS-VINIFERA | SOUR ROT | INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS | FURAN FATTY-ACIDS | Wine - microbiology | Candida - metabolism | Yeasts - classification | Bacteria - metabolism | Fungi - isolation & purification | Vitis - microbiology | Ecology | Aspergillus - metabolism | Fermentation | Fungi - metabolism | Ochratoxins - metabolism | Zygosaccharomyces - metabolism | Food Microbiology | Ochratoxins - biosynthesis | Bacteria - isolation & purification | Zygosaccharomyces - isolation & purification | Agriculture | Vitis - metabolism | Yeasts - isolation & purification | Fruit - metabolism | Yeasts - metabolism | Wineries | Wine and wine making | Wine industry | Fungicides | Molds (Fungi) | Bacteria | Acetic acid | Organic acids
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7. Full Text Ochratoxin A promotes porcine circovirus type 2 replication in vitro and in vivo
by Gan, Fang and Zhang, Zheqian and Hu, Zhihua and Hesketh, John and Xue, Hongxia and Chen, Xingxiang and Hao, Shu and Huang, Yu and Huang, Kehe and Cole Ezea, Patience and Parveen, Fahmida
Free Radical Biology and Medicine, ISSN 0891-5849, 03/2015, Volume 80, pp. 33 - 47
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a worldwide mycotoxin found in food and feeds, is a potent nephrotoxin in animals and humans. Porcine circovirus-associated disease... 
Oxidative stress | Porcine circovirus type 2 | Free radicals | Signaling pathway | Ochratoxin A | APOPTOSIS | KIDNEY PK15 CELLS | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | DNA-DAMAGE | PHASE ARREST | GLUTATHIONE | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME | KINASE ACTIVATION | EPIDEMIOLOGY | RNA, Small Interfering - genetics | Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism | Kidney - pathology | Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome - pathology | Reactive Oxygen Species - agonists | Swine | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 - genetics | Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome - virology | Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase - metabolism | p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism | Virus Replication - drug effects | Kidney - drug effects | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - genetics | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 - antagonists & inhibitors | Epithelial Cells - pathology | Glomerulonephritis - virology | Circovirus - pathogenicity | Glomerulonephritis - drug therapy | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - metabolism | Epithelial Cells - virology | Glomerulonephritis - pathology | p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors | Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase - genetics | Oxidative Stress - drug effects | DNA, Viral - genetics | Kidney - virology | Viral Load - drug effects | Circovirus - physiology | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 - metabolism | RNA, Small Interfering - metabolism | Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome - drug therapy | Phosphorylation | NF-E2 Transcription Factor - genetics | DNA, Viral - biosynthesis | Glutathione - metabolism | Weaning | Epithelial Cells - drug effects | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - antagonists & inhibitors | Circovirus - drug effects | Glomerulonephritis - metabolism | NF-E2 Transcription Factor - metabolism | Ochratoxins - antagonists & inhibitors | Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome - metabolism | Cell Line | Gene Expression Regulation | p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics | Glutathione - antagonists & inhibitors | Antioxidants - pharmacology | Ochratoxins - toxicity | Animals | Acetylcysteine - pharmacology | RNA | Ligases
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8. Full Text Renal toxicity through AhR, PXR, and Nrf2 signaling pathway activation of ochratoxin A-induced oxidative stress in kidney cells
by Lee, Kwang-Won and Lee, Hyun Jung and Pyo, Min Cheol and Shin, Hye Soo and Ryu, Dojin
Food and Chemical Toxicology, ISSN 0278-6915, 12/2018, Volume 122, pp. 59 - 68
Because ochratoxin A (OTA) is widely found in foods, people are susceptible to OTA exposure. The mechanism leading to renal toxicity induced by OTA remains... 
NF-E2-related factor 2 | Oxidative stress | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Ochratoxin A | Kidney injury | Pregnane X receptor | LIPID-PEROXIDATION | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | INJURY | INDUCTION | DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES | NAD(P)H-QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE | CANCER | ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR | GLUTATHIONE | THERAPEUTIC TARGET | GENE-EXPRESSION | TOXICOLOGY | Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism | Glutathione - metabolism | Humans | Male | Pregnane X Receptor - metabolism | Gene Knockdown Techniques | Enzymes - genetics | Enzyme Induction - drug effects | Ochratoxins - administration & dosage | Pregnane X Receptor - genetics | Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon - metabolism | NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - genetics | Kidney Tubules, Proximal - enzymology | Enzymes - metabolism | Malondialdehyde - metabolism | Administration, Oral | RNA, Messenger - genetics | Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon - genetics | Mice, Inbred ICR | Ochratoxins - toxicity | Protein Transport | Animals | Signal Transduction - drug effects | NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - metabolism | Kidney Tubules, Proximal - metabolism | Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 - metabolism | Oxidative Stress - drug effects | Cell Line, Transformed | Kidney Tubules, Proximal - drug effects | Phosphates | Niacinamide | Cysteine | RNA | Ligases | Cytochrome P-450 | Heme | Physiological aspects | Glutamate | Index Medicus
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9. Full Text Initial spore density has an influence on ochratoxin a content in aspergillus ochraceus cgmcc 3.4412 in pdb and its interaction with seeds
by Li, Caiyan and Song, Yanmin and Xiong, Lu and Huang, Kunlun and Liang, Zhihong
Toxins, ISSN 2072-6651, 04/2017, Volume 9, Issue 4, p. 146
The morphology and secondary metabolism of Aspergillus spp. are associated with initial spore density (ISD). Fatty acids (FA) are involved in the biosynthesis... 
Oxidative stress | Quorum sensing | Density effect | Fatty acids | Ochratoxin A | quorum sensing | FUNGI | fatty acids | AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS | density effect | REACTIVE OXYGEN | FLAVUS | PARASITICUS | TOXICOLOGY | NIDULANS | TRANSITIONS | oxidative stress | Aspergillus ochraceus - physiology | Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism | Seeds - metabolism | Solanum tuberosum | Arachis - metabolism | Glucose | Ochratoxins - metabolism | Soybeans - metabolism | Aspergillus ochraceus - metabolism | Catalase - metabolism | Culture Media | Soybeans - microbiology | Spores, Fungal | Arachis - microbiology | Seeds - microbiology | Plant Proteins - metabolism | Fatty Acids - metabolism | Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism | Peroxidase - metabolism | Aflatoxins | Soybeans | Reactive oxygen species | Seeds | Nuts | Peanuts | Potatoes | Biosynthesis | Infections | Metabolism | Glycine | Density | Spores | Dextrose | Host-pathogen interactions | Morphogenesis | Index Medicus
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10. Full Text Review on the toxicity, occurrence, metabolism, detoxification, regulations and intake of zearalenone: An oestrogenic mycotoxin
by Zinedine, Abdellah and Soriano, Jose Miguel and Moltó, Juan Carlos and Mañes, Jordi
Food and Chemical Toxicology, ISSN 0278-6915, 2007, Volume 45, Issue 1, pp. 1 - 18
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced mainly by fungi belonging to the genus in foods and feeds. It is frequently implicated in reproductive disorders of... 
Zearalenone | Metabolism | Toxicity | Occurrence | Detoxification | Food | toxicity | VITAMIN-E | zearalenone | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | FUSARIUM-MYCOTOXINS | occurrence | DNA ADDUCT FORMATION | food | PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY | OCHRATOXIN-A | IN-VITRO | FUMONISIN B-1 | metabolism | NATURAL OCCURRENCE | FLUORESCENCE DETECTION | TOXICOLOGY | detoxification | NEW-ZEALAND MAIZE | Eating | Inactivation, Metabolic | Zearalenone - pharmacokinetics | Global Health | Zearalenone - analysis | Estrogens, Non-Steroidal - analysis | Humans | Mycotoxicosis - epidemiology | Mycotoxicosis - prevention & control | Animal Feed - standards | Mycotoxicosis - etiology | Zearalenone - toxicity | Animals | Animal Feed - analysis | Estrogens, Non-Steroidal - pharmacokinetics | Food Microbiology - legislation & jurisprudence | Estrogens, Non-Steroidal - toxicity | Food Microbiology - standards | Toxicity Tests | Physiological aspects | Livestock | Metabolites | Laws, regulations and rules | Food contamination | Aluminum silicates
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11. Full Text Nivalenol and Deoxynivalenol Affect Rat Intestinal Epithelial Cells: A Concentration Related Study
by Bianco, Giuseppe and Fontanella, Bianca and Severino, Lorella and Quaroni, Andrea and Autore, Giuseppina and Marzocco, Stefania
PLoS ONE, ISSN 1932-6203, 12/2012, Volume 7, Issue 12, p. e52051
The integrity of the gastrointestinal tract represents a crucial first level defence against ingested toxins. Among them, Nivalenol is a trichotecenes... 
SURVIVAL | TRICHOTHECENES | OCHRATOXIN-A | PROTEIN | PHOSPHORYLATION | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | NATURAL OCCURRENCE | FUSARIUM TOXINS | EXPOSURE | MYCOTOXINS | FOOD | Intestines - drug effects | Cell Line | Cell Survival - drug effects | Gap Junctions - metabolism | Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism | Actin Cytoskeleton - metabolism | Epithelial Cells - metabolism | Connexin 43 - metabolism | Apoptosis - drug effects | Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism | Epithelial Cells - drug effects | Caspase 3 - metabolism | bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism | Rats | Intestines - metabolism | Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects | Trichothecenes - pharmacology | Cell Movement - drug effects | Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism | Animals | Cell Cycle Checkpoints - drug effects | Gap Junctions - drug effects | Mycotoxins - pharmacology | Gastrointestinal system | Food contamination | Feed industry | Mycotoxicosis | Phosphorylation | Cereals | Bax protein | Bcl-2 protein | Epithelial cells | Adhesion tests | Connexin 43 | Kinases | Caspase-3 | Small intestine | Risk factors | Ingestion | Proteins | Nivalenol | Trichothecenes | Efficiency | Intestine | Actin | Rodents | Cell cycle | Gastric motility | Food | Medical research | Wound healing | Caspase | Gastrointestinal tract | Deoxynivalenol | Animal feed | Contaminants | Protein synthesis | S phase | Pharmacy | Cytoskeleton | Toxins | Focal adhesion kinase | Viability | Cell migration | Apoptosis | Pharmaceuticals
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