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1. Full Text Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (OVEMPs) produced by air- and bone-conducted sound
by Todd, Neil P. McAngus and Rosengren, Sally M and Aw, Swee T and Colebatch, James G
Clinical Neurophysiology, ISSN 1388-2457, 2006, Volume 118, Issue 2, pp. 381 - 390
Abstract Objective To determine the origin and properties of short latency extraocular potentials produced by activation of the vestibular apparatus using two... 
Neurology | VOR | Vestibular reflexes | Acoustic activation | Oculomotor control | Vestibular ocular reflex | STIMULATION | vestibular reflexes | VIBRATION | PRIMARY AFFERENT | LINEAR ACCELERATION | GUINEA-PIG | TRANSLATION | NEUROSCIENCES | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | RESPONSES | CANAL DEHISCENCE | vestibular ocular reflex | NEURONS | oculomotor control | VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX | acoustic activation | Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular - physiology | Vestibular Nuclei - physiology | Eye Movements - physiology | Acoustic Stimulation | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | Humans | Reference Values | Sound | Vestibular Nerve - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - innervation | Action Potentials - physiology | Vestibule, Labyrinth - physiology | Afferent Pathways - physiology | Muscle Contraction - physiology | Functional Laterality - physiology | Hearing - physiology
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2. Full Text The vestibular evoked myogenic potential: A test–retest reliability study
by Maes, Leen and Vinck, Bart M and De Vel, Eddy and D’haenens, Wendy and Bockstael, Annelies and Keppler, Hannah and Philips, Birgit and Swinnen, Freya and Dhooge, Ingeborg
Clinical Neurophysiology, ISSN 1388-2457, 2008, Volume 120, Issue 3, pp. 594 - 600
Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) response in a clinical setting... 
Neurology | Sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) | Reliability | Saccule | Vestibular | Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) | HEALTHY-SUBJECTS | TONE BURSTS | NEUROSCIENCES | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Neck Muscles - physiology | Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular - physiology | Reproducibility of Results | Neck Muscles - innervation | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | Humans | Evoked Potentials - physiology | Male | Feedback - physiology | Head Movements - physiology | Reaction Time - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - innervation | Bone Conduction - physiology | Young Adult | Vestibule, Labyrinth - physiology | Muscle Contraction - physiology | Auditory Threshold - physiology | Adult | Female | Blood Pressure - physiology | Functional Laterality - physiology | Electromyography - methods | Electromyography - standards | Observer Variation | Universities and colleges
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3. Full Text Axons giving rise to the palisade endings of feline extraocular muscles display motor features
by Zimmermann, Lars and Morado-Díaz, Camilo J and Davis-López de Carrizosa, María A and de la Cruz, Rosa R and May, Paul J and Streicher, Johannes and Pastor, Ángel M and Blumer, Roland
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 02/2013, Volume 33, Issue 7, pp. 2784 - 2793
Palisade endings are nerve specializations found in the extraocular muscles (EOMs) of mammals, including primates. They have long been postulated to be... 
MONKEY | EYE-MUSCLES | RETROGRADE TRANSPORT | EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES | SPATIAL LOCALIZATION | INNERVATED MYOTENDINOUS CYLINDERS | CAT ABDUCENS MOTONEURONS | PROPRIOCEPTION | HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE | NEUROSCIENCES | SENSORY INNERVATION | Immunohistochemistry | Proprioception - physiology | Cats | Motor Neurons - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | Axons - physiology | Choline O-Acetyltransferase - metabolism | Oculomotor Muscles - innervation | Animals | Bungarotoxins | Nerve Endings - physiology | Abducens Nerve - physiology | Fluorescent Antibody Technique | Parasympathetic Nervous System - physiology | Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide - metabolism | Abducens Nerve - cytology | Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - physiology | Trigeminal Nerve - cytology
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4. Full Text Ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) require extraocular muscles but not facial or cochlear nerve activity
by Chihara, Yasuhiro and Iwasaki, Shinichi and Ushio, Munetaka and Fujimoto, Chisato and Kashio, Akinori and Kondo, Kenji and Ito, Ken and Asakage, Takahiro and Yamasoba, Tatsuya and Kaga, Kimitaka and Murofushi, Toshihisa
Clinical Neurophysiology, ISSN 1388-2457, 2008, Volume 120, Issue 3, pp. 581 - 587
Abstract Objectives Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) have been found to be useful for clinical testing of vestibular function. Recently,... 
Neurology | Facial palsy | Utricule | oVEMP | Otolith | Vestibulo-ocular reflex | VEMP | Saccule | Hearing loss | BONE-CONDUCTED SOUND | BLINK REFLEX | SUPERIOR CANAL DEHISCENCE | BRAIN-STEM REFLEXES | NEUROSCIENCES | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | CLINICAL-APPLICATIONS | Physical Stimulation | Neck Muscles - physiology | Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular - physiology | Vibration | Acoustic Stimulation | Neck Muscles - innervation | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | Humans | Evoked Potentials - physiology | Male | Facial Nerve - physiology | Neural Pathways - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - innervation | Cochlear Nerve - physiology | Otolithic Membrane - physiology | Vestibule, Labyrinth - physiology | Muscle Contraction - physiology | Adult | Female | Electromyography
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5. Full Text How to make rapid eye movements “rapid”: the role of growth factors for muscle contractile properties
by Li, Tian and Feng, Cheng-Yuan and von Bartheld, Christopher S
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, ISSN 0031-6768, 3/2011, Volume 461, Issue 3, pp. 373 - 386
Different muscle functions require different muscle contraction properties. Saccade-generating extraocular muscles (EOMs) are the fastest muscles in the human... 
Contraction time | Biomedicine | Human Physiology | GDNF | Saccade | Extraocular muscle | Cardiotrophin | Insulin-like growth factor | Skeletal muscle | DYNAMIC PROPERTIES | PHYSIOLOGY | INFERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE | FACTOR-I | MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES | SKELETAL-MUSCLE | LATERAL RECTUS MUSCLE | CARDIOTROPHIN-1 CT-1 | DEVELOPING OCULOMOTOR NEURONS | EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLE | EXTRAOCULAR-MUSCLES | Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - physiology | Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - pharmacology | Rats, Wistar | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | Sleep, REM - physiology | Rats | Male | Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism | RNA, Messenger - metabolism | Cytokines - physiology | Animals | Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - physiology | Muscle Relaxation - physiology | Muscle Contraction - drug effects | Oculomotor Muscles - drug effects | Chickens | Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - pharmacology | Muscle Contraction - physiology | Female | Cytokines - pharmacology | Physiological aspects | Binding proteins | Myosin | Protein binding
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6. Full Text A utricular origin of frequency tuning to low-frequency vibration in the human vestibular system?
by Todd, Neil P.M and Rosengren, Sally M and Colebatch, James G
Neuroscience Letters, ISSN 0304-3940, 2009, Volume 451, Issue 3, pp. 175 - 180
Recent work has demonstrated that the human vestibular system displays a remarkable sensitivity to low-frequency vibration. To address the origin of this... 
Sound | Vibration | Utricule | Saccule | Otolith | Tuning | SQUIRREL-MONKEY | NERVE | BONE-CONDUCTED SOUND | SENSITIVITY | STIMULI | GUINEA-PIG | NEUROSCIENCES | EVOKED MYOGENIC POTENTIALS | RESPONSES | REFLEX | NEURONS | Physical Stimulation | Neck Muscles - physiology | Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular - physiology | Acoustic Stimulation | Neck Muscles - innervation | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | Saccule and Utricle - anatomy & histology | Humans | Evoked Potentials - physiology | Male | Vestibular Nerve - physiology | Brain Stem - physiology | Saccule and Utricle - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - innervation | Cranial Nerves - anatomy & histology | Cranial Nerves - physiology | Pitch Discrimination - physiology | Afferent Pathways - physiology | Adult | Female | Aged | Hearing - physiology | Frequency dependence
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7. Full Text The role of the superior vestibular nerve in generating ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials to bone conducted vibration at Fz
by Iwasaki, S and Chihara, Y and Smulders, Y.E and Burgess, A.M and Halmagyi, G.M and Curthoys, I.S and Murofushi, T
Clinical Neurophysiology, ISSN 1388-2457, 2008, Volume 120, Issue 3, pp. 588 - 593
Abstract Objective The n10 component (n10) of the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) to brief bone conducted vibration (BCV) of the forehead... 
Neurology | Saccular | Vestibulo-ocular | oVEMP | Otolith | VOR | VEMP | Utricular | Inferior oblique | Vestibular | SYSTEM | STIMULATION | MIDLINE FOREHEAD | GUINEA-PIG | EXTRAOCULAR POTENTIALS | NEUROSCIENCES | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | RESPONSES | NEURITIS | NEURONS | SOUND | VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX | Physical Stimulation | Neck Muscles - physiology | Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular - physiology | Vibration | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | Humans | Middle Aged | Evoked Potentials - physiology | Male | Vestibular Nerve - physiology | Saccule and Utricle - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - innervation | Bone Conduction - physiology | Otolithic Membrane - physiology | Vestibule, Labyrinth - physiology | Adult | Female | Aged | Functional Laterality - physiology | Condensation | Universities and colleges
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8. Full Text A continuum of myofibers in adult rabbit extraocular muscle: force, shortening velocity, and patterns of myosin heavy chain colocalization
by Linda K. McLoon and Han na Park and Jong-Hee Kim and Fatima Pedrosa-Domellöf and LaDora V. Thompson and Medicinska fakulteten and Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap and Umeå universitet and Oftalmiatrik
Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 8750-7587, 10/2011, Volume 111, Issue 4, pp. 1178 - 1189
Extraocular muscle (EOM) myofibers do not fit the traditional fiber typing classifications normally used in noncranial skeletal muscle, in part, due to the... 
Muscle force | Extraocular muscles | Myosin heavy chain isoforms | SPORT SCIENCES | muscle force | PHYSIOLOGY | CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES | ISOFORM EXPRESSION | HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE | SINGLE FIBERS | LATERAL RECTUS MUSCLE | MESSENGER-RNA | MOTOR UNITS | FIBER TYPES | GENE-EXPRESSION | myosin heavy chain isoforms | SUPERIOR RECTUS | extraocular muscles | Eye - metabolism | Rabbits | Orbit - physiology | Eye Movements - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - metabolism | Myofibrils - physiology | Myosin Heavy Chains - metabolism | Orbit - metabolism | Animals | Protein Isoforms - metabolism | Muscle Contraction - physiology | Myofibrils - metabolism | Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - metabolism | Basic Medicine | Medical and Health Sciences | Sport and Fitness Sciences | Medicin och hälsovetenskap | Fysiologi | Hälsovetenskaper | Idrottsvetenskap | Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper | Physiology | Health Sciences
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9. Full Text Prolongation of relaxation time in extraocular muscles with brain derived neurotrophic factor in adult rabbit
by Nelson, Krysta R and Stevens, Shanlee M and McLoon, Linda K
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, ISSN 0146-0404, 10/2016, Volume 57, Issue 13, pp. 5834 - 5842
PURPOSE. We tested the hypothesis that short-term treatment with brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) would alter the contractile characteristics of rabbit... 
Slow myosin | Brain derived neurotrophic factor | Extraocular muscles | Muscle physiology | Muscle force | slow myosin | MOTOR-NEURONS | brain derived neurotrophic factor | muscle force | ISOFORMS | NEUROMUSCULAR SYNAPSES | PATTERNS | RNA MODIFICATIONS | MYOSIN HEAVY-CHAIN | muscle physiology | RECOVERY | OPHTHALMOLOGY | FACTOR BDNF | EXPRESSION | MOTONEURONS | extraocular muscles | Rabbits | Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - pharmacology | Animals | Muscle Contraction - drug effects | Oculomotor Muscles - drug effects | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | Muscle Contraction - physiology | Eye Movements - drug effects | Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch - drug effects | Nystagmus, Pathologic - physiopathology | Nystagmus, Pathologic - drug therapy | Disease Models, Animal | brain derived neurotrophic factor, extraocular muscles, muscle force, muscle physiology, slow myosin | Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia and Neuro-Ophthalmology
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10. Full Text Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials: Past, present and future
by Rosengren, S.M and Welgampola, M.S and Colebatch, J.G
Clinical Neurophysiology, ISSN 1388-2457, 2009, Volume 121, Issue 5, pp. 636 - 651
Abstract Since the first description of sound-evoked short-latency myogenic reflexes recorded from neck muscles, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs)... 
Neurology | Vestibulo-collic | VEMP | Vestibulo-ocular | oVEMP | Vestibular | MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS PATIENTS | SEMICIRCULAR CANAL DEHISCENCE | BONE-CONDUCTED SOUND | GUINEA-PIG | INTRATYMPANIC GENTAMICIN | NEUROSCIENCES | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | MENIERES-DISEASE | PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO | AGE-RELATED-CHANGES | BRAIN-STEM RESPONSES | VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX | Neck Muscles - physiology | Neck Muscles - physiopathology | History, 21st Century | Neurophysiology - history | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | History, 20th Century | Humans | Vestibule, Labyrinth - physiopathology | Oculomotor Muscles - physiopathology | Evoked Potentials, Auditory | Physical Stimulation - methods | Ear Diseases - diagnosis | Ear Diseases - physiopathology | Vestibule, Labyrinth - physiology | Neurophysiology - trends | Electromyography | Vestibular Diseases - physiopathology | Vestibular Diseases - diagnosis
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11. Full Text Electrical stimulation to the trigeminal proprioceptive fibres that innervate the mechanoreceptors in Müller's muscle induces involuntary reflex contraction of the frontalis muscles
by Matsuo, Kiyoshi and Osada, Yoshiro and Ban, Ryokuya
Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, ISSN 2000-656X, 02/2013, Volume 47, Issue 1, pp. 14 - 20
Abstract The levator and frontalis muscles lack interior muscle spindles, despite consisting of slow-twitch fibres that involuntarily sustain eyelid-opening... 
Müller's muscle | trigeminal proprioceptive neuron | long-latency response | short-latency response | trigemino-facial reflex | Frontalis muscle | orbicularis oculi muscle | Short-latency response | Trigemino-facial reflex | Trigeminal proprioceptive neuron | Orbicularis oculi muscle | Long-latency response | SURGERY | LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS | RATS | PATHOGENESIS | Muller's muscle | NUCLEUS | NEURONS | APONEUROTIC BLEPHAROPTOSIS | ORTHOPEDICS | MORPHOLOGY | OCCIPITOFRONTALIS MUSCLE | Humans | Middle Aged | Blepharoptosis - therapy | Mechanoreceptors - physiology | Male | Reference Values | Case-Control Studies | Nerve Fibers - physiology | Adult | Female | Electric Stimulation - methods | Severity of Illness Index | Proprioception - physiology | Eyelids - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | Japan | Neural Conduction - physiology | Treatment Outcome | Blepharoptosis - diagnosis | Eyelids - innervation | Blinking - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - innervation | Facial Muscles - physiology | Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch - physiology | Muscle Contraction - physiology | Facial Muscles - innervation | Trigeminal Nerve | Electromyography - methods | Cohort Studies
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12. Full Text Ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials produced by air- and bone-conducted stimuli: Comparative properties and effects of age
by Rosengren, Sally M and Govender, Sendhil and Colebatch, James G
Clinical Neurophysiology, ISSN 1388-2457, 2011, Volume 122, Issue 11, pp. 2282 - 2289
Highlights ► oVEMPs and cVEMPs evoked by air-conducted sounds, bone-conducted vibration and lateral accelerations were compared in 61 normal subjects. ► oVEMP... 
Neurology | Vibration | oVEMP | VEMP | Sound | Gender | Age | Vestibular | OVEMP | NERVE | SUPERIOR CANAL DEHISCENCE | EXTRAOCULAR POTENTIALS | GUINEA-PIG | NEUROSCIENCES | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | RESPONSES | ORIGIN | FREQUENCY | NEURONS | Neck Muscles - physiology | Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular - physiology | Neck Muscles - innervation | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Air | Oculomotor Muscles - innervation | Acoustic Stimulation - methods | Bone Conduction - physiology | Young Adult | Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials - physiology | Aging - physiology | Vestibule, Labyrinth - physiology | Adolescent | Aged, 80 and over | Vestibule, Labyrinth - innervation | Adult | Female | Aged
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13. Full Text Palisade endings and proprioception in extraocular muscles: a comparison with skeletal muscles
by Lienbacher, Karoline and Horn, Anja K. E
Biological Cybernetics, ISSN 0340-1200, 12/2012, Volume 106, Issue 11, pp. 643 - 655
This article describes current views on motor and sensory control of extraocular muscles (EOMs) based on anatomical data. The special morphology of EOMs,... 
Motoneurons | Muscle spindle | Neurosciences | Biomedicine | Neurobiology | Golgi tendon organ | Oculomotor | Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity | Bioinformatics | Computer Appl. in Life Sciences | MOTOR-NEURONS | FINE-STRUCTURE | EYE POSITION INFORMATION | PRIMARY AFFERENT NEURONS | INNERVATED MYOTENDINOUS CYLINDERS | STRETCH REFLEX | NEUROSCIENCES | COMPUTER SCIENCE, CYBERNETICS | 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION | FIBER TYPES | EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES | GOLGI TENDON ORGANS | Proprioception - physiology | Motor Neurons - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - ultrastructure | Humans | Mechanoreceptors - physiology | Motor Activity | Neural Pathways - physiology | Oculomotor Muscles - innervation | Models, Biological | Nerve Endings - physiology | Motor Neurons - cytology | Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - physiology | Muscles | Analysis | Cells | Skeletal system | Neurons | Eyes & eyesight | Motor ability | Cybernetics
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