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1. Full Text Penetration enhancers
by Williams, Adrian C and Barry, Brian W
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, ISSN 0169-409X, 12/2012, Volume 64, pp. 128 - 137
One long-standing approach for improving transdermal drug delivery uses penetration enhancers (also called sorption promoters or accelerants) which penetrate... 
Azone | Accelerants | Penetration enhancers | Lipids | Skin | Terpenes | Dimethylsulphoxide | PROTEIN-PARTITIONING THEORY | HUMAN STRATUM-CORNEUM | HAIRLESS MOUSE SKIN | DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY | FRACTURE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY | NONIONIC SURFACTANTS | PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENT | IN-VITRO PERMEATION | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | ESTRADIOL PERMEATION | TRANSDERMAL DRUG-DELIVERY | Drugs | Thermodynamics | Keratin | Drug delivery systems | Surface active agents | Vehicles
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2. Full Text Penetration enhancers
by Williams, Adrian C and Barry, Brian W
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, ISSN 0169-409X, 2004, Volume 56, Issue 5, pp. 603 - 618
One long-standing approach for improving transdermal drug delivery uses penetration enhancers (also called sorption promoters or accelerants) which penetrate... 
Azone | Accelerants | Penetration enhancers | Lipids | Skin | Terpenes | Dimethylsulphoxide | PROTEIN-PARTITIONING THEORY | lipids | PERMEATION ENHANCERS | HUMAN STRATUM-CORNEUM | penetration enhancers | terpenes | HAIRLESS MOUSE SKIN | skin | dimethylsulphoxide | DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY | accelerants | FRACTURE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY | IN-VITRO | PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENT | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | ESTRADIOL PERMEATION | azone | TRANSDERMAL DRUG-DELIVERY | Skin Absorption - physiology | Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic - adverse effects | Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic - pharmacology | Humans | Skin Absorption - drug effects | Administration, Cutaneous | Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic - chemistry | Drug Delivery Systems - methods | Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
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3. Dermal peptide delivery using enhancer molecules and colloidal carrier systems – part V#: Influence of enhancers on the permeation of PKEK through snake skin
by Foerster, A and Neubert, R.H.H
Pharmazie, ISSN 0031-7144, 2019, Volume 74, Issue 3, pp. 136 - 141
In a previous study, it was shown, that shed snake skin is a good alternative model membrane for the human stratum corneum (SC). In this study, the influence... 
ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE | CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL | PROPYLENE-GLYCOL | VIVO | PERMEABILITY | DRUG-DELIVERY | STRATUM-CORNEUM | NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | SULFOXIDES | PENETRATION ENHANCERS | IN-VITRO | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | Skin - metabolism | Drug Carriers - administration & dosage | Surface-Active Agents - pharmacokinetics | Dimethyl Sulfoxide - pharmacology | Administration, Cutaneous | Drug Carriers - chemistry | Snakes - metabolism | Butylene Glycols - pharmacology | Hexanes - pharmacology | Drug Compounding | Skin Absorption - drug effects | Models, Animal | Diffusion | Oligopeptides - chemistry | Permeability - drug effects | Oligopeptides - pharmacokinetics | Octanols - pharmacology | Propylene Glycol - pharmacology | Glycols - pharmacology | Animals | Surface-Active Agents - administration & dosage | Colloids - administration & dosage | Pentanes - pharmacology | Oligopeptides - administration & dosage | Surface-Active Agents - chemistry | Skin - drug effects
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4. Full Text Buccal penetration enhancers—How do they really work?
by Nicolazzo, Joseph A and Reed, Barry L and Finnin, Barrie C
Journal of Controlled Release, ISSN 0168-3659, 2005, Volume 105, Issue 1, pp. 1 - 15
Certain agents that increase drug delivery through the skin, including surfactants, bile salts, and fatty acids, have been shown to exert a similar effect on... 
Buccal mucosa | Intercellular lipids | Drug delivery | Permeability | Chemical penetration enhancers | PERCUTANEOUS PENETRATION | buccal mucosa | EPIDERMAL PERMEABILITY BARRIER | TRANSBUCCAL DELIVERY | DRUG-DELIVERY | permeability | HAMSTER-CHEEK POUCH | HAIRLESS MOUSE SKIN | STRATUM-CORNEUM | drug delivery | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | KERATINIZED ORAL-MUCOSA | chemical penetration enhancers | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | intercellular lipids | EPITHELIUM IN-VITRO | MEMBRANE-COATING GRANULES | Mouth Mucosa - drug effects | Mouth Mucosa - metabolism | Permeability - drug effects | Pharmaceutical Preparations - metabolism | Absorption | Humans | Skin Absorption - drug effects | Stimulation, Chemical | Drug Carriers - chemistry | Drug Carriers - pharmacology | Drug Delivery Systems | Dermatology | Analysis | Formulae, receipts, prescriptions | Dermatologic agents | Fatty acids | Transdermal medication
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5. Full Text Absorption Enhancers: Applications and Advances
by Aungst, Bruce J
The AAPS Journal, ISSN 1550-7416, 3/2012, Volume 14, Issue 1, pp. 10 - 18
Absorption enhancers are functional excipients included in formulations to improve the absorption of a pharmacologically active drug. The term absorption... 
Biochemistry, general | Biotechnology | enhancer | Biomedicine | absorption | bioavailability | Pharmacy | permeability | Pharmacology/Toxicology | DRUG-DELIVERY | CROMOLYN SODIUM | TIGHT JUNCTION | ORAL ABSORPTION | INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION | PENETRATION ENHANCERS | PEPTIDES | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES | PERMEATION | Peptides - chemistry | Proteins - pharmacokinetics | Humans | Peptides - pharmacokinetics | Solubility | Technology, Pharmaceutical - methods | Permeability | Peptides - administration & dosage | Pharmaceutical Preparations - metabolism | Animals | Excipients - chemistry | Proteins - administration & dosage | Pharmaceutical Preparations - chemistry | Proteins - chemistry | Pharmaceutical Preparations - administration & dosage | Proteins | Peptides
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6. Full Text Transdermal absorption of memantine – Effect of chemical enhancers, iontophoresis, and role of enhancer lipophilicity
by del Rio-Sancho, S and Serna-Jiménez, C.E and Calatayud-Pascual, M.A and Balaguer-Fernández, C and Femenía-Font, A and Merino, V and López-Castellano, A
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, ISSN 0939-6411, 09/2012, Volume 82, Issue 1, pp. 164 - 170
The effect of several chemical enhancers and iontophoresis in transdermal absorption of memantine. The relationship between the log P for the optimal... 
Chemical enhancers | Iontophoresis | Transdermal absorption | Memantine | Alzheimer | VITRO PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION | DRUG-DELIVERY | ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE | lontophoresis | STRATUM-CORNEUM | SUMATRIPTAN SUCCINATE | 5-FLUOROURACIL | PENETRATION ENHANCERS | SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | SKIN PENETRATION | PERMEATION | Nervous system agents | Alzheimer's disease | Transdermal medication
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7. Full Text Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers: An Overview
by Thong, H.-Y and Zhai, H and Maibach, H.I
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, ISSN 1660-5527, 10/2007, Volume 20, Issue 6, pp. 272 - 282
Transdermal drug delivery is the controlled release of drugs through the skin to obtain therapeutic levels systematically. Several technological advances have... 
Review | Iontophoresis | Microneedles | Chemical penetration enhancers | Niosomes | Transdermal drug delivery | Electroporation | Liposomes | Ethosomes | Transferosomes | Sonophoration | liposomes | transferosomes | HAIRLESS MOUSE SKIN | STRATUM-CORNEUM | niosomes | ethosomes | FUTURE-PROSPECTS | sonophoration | DERMATOLOGY | chemical penetration enhancers | FOLLICULAR PENETRATION | CYCLOSPORINE-A | transdermal drug delivery | microneedles | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | electroporation | ABSORPTION | TRANSDERMAL DRUG-DELIVERY | iontophoresis | TOPICAL DELIVERY | SKIN PERMEATION ENHANCERS | Animals | Humans | Skin Absorption | Administration, Cutaneous | Permeability | Drug Carriers | Drug Delivery Systems
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8. Full Text Ionic liquids as potential enhancers for transdermal drug delivery
by Monti, Daniela and Egiziano, Emanuele and Burgalassi, Susi and Chetoni, Patrizia and Chiappe, Cinzia and Sanzone, Angelo and Tampucci, Silvia
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, ISSN 0378-5173, 01/2017, Volume 516, Issue 1-2, pp. 45 - 51
The aim of this study was to verify the effect of several cyclic onium based ionic liquids (ILs), including mono- and dicationic derivatives of... 
hairless rat skin | diltiazem | ionic liquids | cutaneous permeation and penetration | enhancers | HUMAN SKIN | PENETRATION | CARRIERS | HAIRLESS RAT | SOLVENTS | SYSTEMS | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | AGENTS | DERIVATIVES | ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS | PERMEATION | Chemistry, Pharmaceutical - methods | Skin - metabolism | Rats | Male | Skin Absorption | Administration, Cutaneous | Permeability | Ionic Liquids - chemistry | Diltiazem - administration & dosage | Drug Delivery Systems | Rats, Hairless | Animals | Diltiazem - pharmacokinetics | Excipients - chemistry | Calcium Channel Blockers - administration & dosage | Calcium Channel Blockers - pharmacokinetics | Transdermal medication | Index Medicus
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9. Full Text d‐Polyarginine Lipopeptides as Intestinal Permeation Enhancers
by Garcia, Josep and Fernández‐Blanco, Álvaro and Teixidó, Meritxell and Sánchez‐Navarro, Macarena and Giralt, Ernest
ChemMedChem, ISSN 1860-7179, 10/2018, Volume 13, Issue 19, pp. 2045 - 2052
An estimated 285 million people were living with diabetes in 2010, and this number is expected to reach 440 million by 2030. Current treatment of this disease... 
CPP | gastrointestinal barrier | insulin oral delivery | permeation enhancers | lipopeptides | ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENT | CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL | MEMBRANE | BARRIER | CELL-PENETRATING PEPTIDES | MEDIATED TRANSPORT | DELIVERY | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | DIFFUSION | INSULIN TRANSPORT | IONIC-STRENGTH | CACO-2 CELLS | Evaluation | Insulin | Saturated fatty acids | Gastrointestinal system | Analysis | Formulations | Tight junctions | Peptides | Lauric acid | Medical treatment | Diabetes mellitus | Gastrointestinal tract | Fatty acids | Penetration | Intestine | Transport | Lipopeptides
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10. Full Text A physical mechanism to explain the delivery of chemical penetration enhancers into skin during transdermal sonophoresis — Insight into the observed synergism
by Polat, Baris E and Deen, William M and Langer, Robert and Blankschtein, Daniel
Journal of Controlled Release, ISSN 0168-3659, 03/2012, Volume 158, Issue 2, pp. 250 - 260
The synergism between low-frequency sonophoresis (LFS) and chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs), especially surfactants, in transdermal enhancement has been... 
Sonophoresis | Transdermal | Diffusion | Synergism | Ultrasound | Chemical penetration enhancers | AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS | CAVITATION BUBBLES | SURFACTANTS | ADSORPTION DYNAMICS | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | ACOUSTIC-EMISSION | TRANSPORT REGIONS | HYDROPHILIC PERMEANTS | IN-VITRO | SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | LOW-FREQUENCY ULTRASOUND | Propylene Glycol - metabolism | Acoustics - instrumentation | Skin - metabolism | Skin Absorption | Administration, Cutaneous | Glucosides - metabolism | Drug Delivery Systems | Surface-Active Agents - metabolism | Animals | Models, Biological | Swine | Female | Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - metabolism | Skin | Surface active agents | Analysis | Transdermal medication | Chemical Penetration Enhancers
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11. Full Text Effects of Chemical Enhancers on Human Epidermal Membrane: Structure-Enhancement Relationship Based on Maximum Enhancement (Emax)
by Ibrahim, Sarah A and Li, S.Kevin
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN 0022-3549, 03/2009, Volume 98, Issue 3, pp. 926 - 944
Chemical penetration enhancers are widely used in transdermal pharmaceuticals as well as cosmetic products. Selection of suitable enhancers in topical... 
maximum enhancement factor (Emax) | chemical enhancers | transdermal permeation | human epidermal membrane | Chemical enhancers | Maximum enhancement factor (E | Transdermal permeation | Human epidermal membrane | PERCUTANEOUS PENETRATION | maximum enhancement factor (E-max) | CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL | SEX-HORMONES | HAIRLESS MOUSE SKIN | STRATUM-CORNEUM | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | PENETRATION ENHANCERS | PYRROLIDONE DERIVATIVES | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | TRANSDERMAL DRUG-DELIVERY | VITRO HUMAN SKIN | SKIN PERMEATION ENHANCERS | HYDROXYPROPYL-BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN | Epidermis - metabolism | Permeability - drug effects | Epidermis - drug effects | Humans | Solubility | Structure-Activity Relationship | Electric Impedance | Membranes - drug effects | Drug Carriers - chemistry | Drug Carriers - pharmacology | Membranes - metabolism | Lipids - chemistry | Silicon - chemistry
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12. Full Text Fluorescent Penetration Enhancers Reveal Complex Interactions among the Enhancer, Drug, Solvent, and Skin
by Kopečná, Monika and Kováčik, Andrej and Kučera, Ondřej and Macháček, Miloslav and Sochorová, Michaela and Audrlická, Pavla and Vávrová, Kateřina
Molecular Pharmaceutics, ISSN 1543-8384, 02/2019, Volume 16, Issue 2, pp. 886 - 897
Skin penetration/permeation enhancers facilitate drug delivery through the skin barrier. However, the specific mechanisms that govern the enhancer interactions... 
penetration enhancer | skin | fluorescent labeling | transdermal drug delivery | MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | PERMEATION ENHANCERS | STRATUM-CORNEUM | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | MECHANISMS | MODEL | DELIVERY | LIPIDS
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13. Full Text Amino acid derivatives as transdermal permeation enhancers
by Janůšová, Barbora and Školová, Barbora and Tükörová, Katarína and Wojnarová, Lea and Šimůnek, Tomáš and Mladěnka, Přemysl and Filipský, Tomáš and Říha, Michal and Roh, Jaroslav and Palát, Karel and Hrabálek, Alexandr and Vávrová, Kateřina
Journal of Controlled Release, ISSN 0168-3659, 01/2013, Volume 165, Issue 2, pp. 91 - 100
Transdermal permeation enhancers are compounds that temporarily decrease skin barrier properties to promote drug flux. In this study, we investigated enhancers... 
Transdermal drug delivery | Amino acid | Stratum corneum | Penetration enhancer | in vitro/in vivo skin absorption | PERCUTANEOUS PENETRATION | DRUG-DELIVERY | POST-IONTOPHORESIS | ELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE | INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY | STRATUM-CORNEUM LIPIDS | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | CHEMICAL PENETRATION ENHANCERS | N-ACETYLPROLINATE | HUMAN-SKIN | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | IMPEDANCE IN-VIVO | Cell Line | Permeability - drug effects | Proline - toxicity | Proline - analogs & derivatives | Proline - metabolism | Skin - metabolism | Drug Stability | Humans | Amino Acids - chemistry | Rats | Administration, Cutaneous | Amino Acids - pharmacology | Amino Acids - metabolism | Amino Acids - toxicity | Plasma - metabolism | Animals | Keratinocytes - drug effects | Keratinocytes - metabolism | Swine | Proline - pharmacology | Skin Absorption - drug effects | Mice | 3T3 Cells | Skin - drug effects | Proteins | Propylene | Corticosteroids | Proline | Esters | Lipids | Skin | Permeability | Glycine | Derivatives (Financial instruments) | Transdermal medication | Index Medicus
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