Articles

Capital investments | Capital costs | Taxation | Income tax | Corporations

Investments, Foreign | Taxation | Social aspects | Australia | Economic history | Australia Economic conditions

International trade | Investments, Foreign | Investments, Foreign (International law) | Law and legislation

Canadian pension fund assets are second in size only to the combined financial assets of the major banks and have become a critical source of capital for... 
Pension trusts | Capital investments | Deferred compensation | Moral and ethical aspects | Investments | Labor unions | Canada | Investments - Moral and ethical aspects | Labor unions - Canada | Deferred compensation - Canada | Capital investments - Canada | Pension trusts - Investments - Canada | Business and Economics | Capital investment | Political Science | Electronic books

Governments often use direct subsidies or tax credits to encourage investment and promote economic growth and other development objectives. Properly designed... 
Investments, Foreign | Taxation | Investments | Law and legislation | International business enterprises | Government policy | Business & Economics, Political Science, Public Policy | Economics | Business | Political Science

Describing how formerly secretive financial institutions have been slow to accept responsibility for the consequences of their investments - especially the... 
Banks and banking | Banks and banking, International | Financial institutions | Private banks | State supervision | Social responsibility of business - Developing countries | Private banks - Developing countries | Investments, Foreign - Environmental aspects | Investments, Foreign - Developing countries | Investments, Foreign - Social aspects | Business and Economics | Political Science | Investments, Foreign | Developing countries | Environmental aspects | Social responsibility of business | Electronic books | Social aspects | Bank liabilities | Tort liability of banks

The 1980s and 1990s brought new protections to foreign investors in risky countries. Yet, the assurances failed to meet investors needs, imposed sometimes... 
Economics | Investments, Foreign | international economics | Right of property - Indonesia | Poverty | Multilateral Development Organizations | Privatization | Foreign Investors | Conflict Management | Infrastructure Firms | Poor Countries | Emerging Markets | Investment | Infrastructure (Economics) | Right of property | Government ownership | Arbitration, International

"In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, economic liberalisation, improved transport and communication systems and the global demand for food, energy and... 
Law and legislation | Investments, Foreign | Economics | Development Studies | International Trade & Economic Law | International Political Economy | Development Economics | African Studies | Banking & Finance Law | Human Rights Law & Civil Liberties | Public International Law | Property & Conveyancing Law | Economics and Development | Investment & Securities | Investments, Foreign - Law and legislation - Africa, Sub-Saharan | Natural resources | Law and globalization | Human rights

Examining innovative ways to address Africa?s infrastructure deficit is at the heart of this analysis. Africa?s infrastructure stock and quality is among the... 
INVESTMENT FUND | SECURITY STRUCTURES | REGULATORY BARRIERS | WITHDRAWAL OF FUNDS | MATURITIES | NATIONAL INVESTMENT | PRIVATE INVESTORS | ISSUANCE | FOREIGN CURRENCY | SHORT-TERM DEPOSITS | LOCAL MARKET | PRIVATE CREDIT | TRANSITION ECONOMIES | LIABILITY | BONDS | CENTRAL BANK | CREDIT ENHANCEMENT | FOREIGN EXCHANGE | PENSION FUND INVESTMENTS | INVESTING | INVESTMENT CORPORATION | PRIVATE INVESTMENT | BALANCE SHEET | CASH FLOWS | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT | LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES | STOCK EXCHANGES | INFRASTRUCTURE BOND | BOURSE | LONG-TERM DEBT | POLITICAL RISKS | ISSUANCE OF BONDS | LOCAL CURRENCY | LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES | CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS | INTERNATIONAL FINANCE | BANK CREDIT | LENDING LIMIT | INVESTMENT GUIDELINES | PENSION FUND INVESTMENT | CREDIT AGENCY | INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS | RISK MANAGEMENT | CORPORATE BOND | ASSET-LIABILITY MISMATCH | STOCKS | BANK LENDING | GOVERNMENT GRANTS | SOVEREIGN LENDING | GOVERNMENT BOND MARKET | INTERNATIONAL BANK | INVESTMENT BANK | FINANCING REQUIREMENTS | COMPETITIVE BIDDING | CREDIT RATING | PENSION FUND | INSURANCE POLICIES | MORAL HAZARD | LONG-TERM YIELDS | ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS | FINANCIAL RISKS | ILLIQUIDITY | SOVEREIGN RATING | CREDIT LINES | BOND ISSUANCES | ASSET CLASSES | GOVERNMENT BONDS | PRIVATE FINANCE | RESERVE BANK | MEZZANINE DEBT | PUBLIC INVESTMENT | PENSION FUNDS | LOCAL DEBT | CAPITAL MOVEMENTS | INVESTMENT ASSET | INVESTMENT REGULATIONS | INFRASTRUCTURE BONDS | RESERVE | BOND ISSUANCE | DIRECT INVESTMENT | EQUITY FUNDS | DEVELOPMENT BANK | MONEY MARKET | DIRECT INVESTMENTS | ENABLING ENVIRONMENT | POTENTIAL INVESTOR | GOVERNMENT SUPPORT | INSURANCE | MATURITY | LONG-TERM INVESTMENT | BORROWER | CENTRAL BANKS | PRIVATE FINANCING | LONG-TERM DEBT MARKET | RETURN | DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS | LOAN | INSURANCE MARKET | EXPENDITURES | PRIVATE PARTIES | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | INSURANCE INDUSTRY | BOND | PENSIONS | BOND MARKETS | CURRENCY | FOREIGN FINANCING | PENSION SYSTEMS | MORTGAGE | STOCK EXCHANGE | GOVERNMENT BOND | FUND MANAGERS | COUPON | FIXED INTEREST RATE | MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS | PARTIAL RISK | FIXED INCOME | FOREIGN BANKS | MARKET FAILURES | YIELD CURVE | MARKET MAKER | IMMOVABLE PROPERTY | DEPOSIT | LONG TERM DEBT | PENSION | DEBT FINANCING | GUARANTEE FUND | CAPITAL INVESTMENT | LONG-TERM COST | FIXED INTEREST | CREDIT RISK | BOND RATING | TOTAL DEBT | COUPON RATE | BANK LOANS | INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE | INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS | DUE DILIGENCE | RISK SHARING | BOND HOLDERS | RISK PREMIUMS | LONG-TERM FINANCE | RISK PROFILE | LOCAL MARKETS | REGULATORY FRAMEWORK | INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING | PENSION ASSETS | TRANSACTION | INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT | SECONDARY BOND MARKETS | CAPITAL MARKET | TRANSFER RISKS | RISK DIVERSIFICATION | GRACE PERIODS | BALANCE SHEETS | SECURITIES | RETURNS | GOVERNMENT BUDGET | FINANCIAL CRISIS | GROUP BORROWER | MUNICIPAL BONDS | PUBLIC FUNDS | MUTUAL FUNDS | CORPORATE BONDS | LONG-TERM LOANS | ASSET MANAGEMENT | INFLATION | EQUITY MARKETS | ALTERNATIVE ASSET | GOVERNMENT SECURITIES | WITHDRAWAL | INSURANCE CORPORATION | POLITICAL RISK | COUNTRY RISK | COMMERCIAL BANKS | INFRASTRUCTURE CONCESSION | CAPACITY BUILDING | TAX | PRIVATE EQUITY | LIFE INSURANCE | SUBORDINATED DEBT | ACCOUNTING | PRINCIPAL REPAYMENTS | GUARANTEE PRODUCTS | CORPORATE BOND MARKET | LOAN EXPOSURE | PENSION FUND ASSET | LONG-TERM RESOURCE | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES | RECOURSE FINANCING | CREDIT RATINGS | ASSET CLASS | MARKET CONSTRAINTS | FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK | CREDIT GUARANTEE | CREDIT RATING AGENCY | INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS | INVESTMENT PROCESS | INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE | CAPITAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT | CREDITOR | TRANSPARENCY | TREASURY | LOCAL BANKS | RISK MEASUREMENT | PORTFOLIO | INSURANCE INDUSTRIES | MONETARY FUND | REGULATORY AUTHORITY | HOLDINGS | INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS | BANKING SECTOR | PARTIAL CREDIT | SOVEREIGN DEBT | CAPITAL MARKETS | LOCAL FINANCIAL MARKETS | LONG-TERM RESOURCES

Over fifty years ago, Albert Hirschman argued that dissatisfied consumers could either voice complaint or exit when they were dissatisfied with goods or... 
Consumer satisfaction | Total quality management in human services | Human services | Public welfare administration

And key messages -- Key principles of governance and investment management -- Governance of public pension assets -- Governance structures and accountabilities... 
Pension trusts | Investments | Financial crises | 21st century | INVESTMENT DECISIONS | INVESTMENT FUND | GLOBAL MARKETS | PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS | AUDIT COMMITTEE | INVESTMENT STRATEGY | INVESTMENT RISK | EQUITY MARKET VOLATILITY | OPPORTUNITY COSTS | FOREIGN CURRENCY | LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT | MACROECONOMIC STABILITY | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT | TRANSITION ECONOMIES | FISCAL BURDENS | INVESTMENT POLICY | GOOD GOVERNANCE | SAFER ASSETS | INTEREST RATES | HEDGES | LIABILITY | PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY | TRADING | RESERVE FUND | REPLACEMENT RATE | POLICY RESPONSES | FOREIGN EXCHANGE | HEDGE FUNDS | EQUITY INVESTMENTS | INVESTMENT CAPABILITIES | MUTUAL FUND | AUDITS | REGULATORY STANDARDS | EQUITY INDEX | LIQUIDITY | INVESTING | INVESTMENT CORPORATION | FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS | EXPOSURE TO RISKS | CASH FLOWS | RISK AVERSION | CURRENCY HEDGING | DISCOUNT RATES | GLOBAL PENSIONS | GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS | MARKET VALUES | POLITICAL RISKS | RETIREMENT AGE | TURNOVER | LOCAL CURRENCY | HEDGE FUND | CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS | PENSION SYSTEM | INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENTS | RISK MANAGEMENT | HEDGE RATIOS | PURCHASING POWER | INTERNATIONAL BANK | INVESTMENT HORIZON | INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES | FAIR VALUE | REAL ESTATE | RISK POOLING | PENSION FUND ASSETS | PENSION FUND | PENSION ASSET | DOMESTIC CAPITAL | FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETS | INVENTORY | TRUSTEE | DEMOGRAPHIC | ILLIQUIDITY | ASSET CLASSES | GOVERNMENT BONDS | OUTPUT | REFORM PROGRAM | FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY | PENSION FUNDS | RESERVE FUNDS | RETIREMENT SYSTEM | REPLACEMENT RATES | RESERVE | RETIREMENT SAVINGS | BENEFICIARIES | FINANCIAL ASSETS | INSURANCE | CODE OF CONDUCT | CONFLICT OF INTEREST | PENSION PRODUCT | ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT | REGULATORY AGENCIES | RETURN | PRIVATE PENSIONS | PENSIONS | PORTFOLIO RISK | EXPOSURE | CURRENCY | FOREIGN CURRENCY EXPOSURES | PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT | REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT | INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT | PENSION SYSTEMS | FINANCIAL CRISES | PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS | FUND MANAGERS | HOME CURRENCY | PENSION PROVISION | RESERVES | SAVINGS | EQUITY MARKET | PRUDENTIAL REGULATION | COLLATERAL | GLOBAL PRIVATE EQUITY | RATES OF RETURN | GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT | PENSION | INVESTMENT MARKETS | INVESTMENT RISKS | COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE | MONETARY AUTHORITIES | PORTFOLIO ALLOCATION | HEDGE RATIO | ASSET MANAGERS | CREDIT RISK | DEFICITS | RISK MANAGEMENT POLICIES | DERIVATIVES | TRUSTEES | PROVIDENT FUND | FINANCIAL MARKETS | FINANCIAL STABILITY | FINANCIAL SYSTEM | INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT | INFORMATIONAL ASYMMETRY | FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE | INFLATION RATE | INVESTMENT PORTFOLIOS | RISK PREMIUMS | EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT | OLD-AGE INCOME | RISK PROFILE | RISK FACTORS | INVESTMENT MANAGER | PENSION ASSETS | TRANSACTION | DOMESTIC CURRENCY | CAPITAL MARKET | PUBLIC COMPANY | RISKY ASSETS | INVESTMENT FUNCTIONS | EMPLOYEES PENSION | RISK DIVERSIFICATION | CURRENCY RISK | SOLVENCY | OUTSOURCING | SECURITIES | RETURNS | INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS | COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER | REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS | FINANCIAL CRISIS | INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION | CORPORATE BONDS | ASSET MANAGEMENT | EQUITY RETURNS | INFLATION | EQUITY MARKETS | ALTERNATIVE ASSET | DEGREE OF TRANSPARENCY | HOLDING | PRICE DISCOVERY | SAFETY NETS | RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS | SAVINGS ACCOUNTS | ACCOUNTING STANDARDS | PORTFOLIOS | INVESTMENT CHOICES | TAX | FUND MANAGEMENT | PRIVATE EQUITY | VALUATIONS | SWAPS | DOMESTIC CAPITAL MARKETS | FOREIGN MARKETS | ACCOUNTING | INVESTMENT STRATEGIES | TRANSACTION COSTS | TRADING COSTS | PENSION FUND ASSET | VALUATION | INTERNAL CONTROLS | ASSET CLASS | SWAP | INTEREST RATE | LOCAL CURRENCIES | TRADING VOLUME | INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS | INVESTMENT PROCESS | INVESTMENT GOVERNANCE | HUMAN CAPITAL | INVESTMENT POLICIES | USE OF DERIVATIVES | INVESTMENT CAPITAL | PUBLIC PENSION | PENSION PRODUCTS | TRANSPARENCY | ASSET VALUES | TREASURY | REGULATORS | BASIS POINTS | PORTFOLIO | PENSION LIABILITIES | HOLDINGS | INVESTMENT MANAGERS | EQUITIES | FOREIGN INVESTMENT | BANKING SECTOR | ASSET GROWTH | OPTIMAL INVESTMENT | INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS | LEVEL OF RISK

The purpose of this note is to provide policy insights to decision makers, academics, and researchers on the trends in investment in Southeast Europe (SEE). A... 
Investments | COMPETITIVENESS | FOREIGN BANKS | SMALL FARMS | LEGAL FRAMEWORK | CAPITAL STOCK | HOUSEHOLD BORROWING | BANK CONSOLIDATION | REMITTANCES | PRIVATE SAVINGS | CORRUPTION | NATIONAL SAVING | FOREIGN FIRMS | OPPORTUNITY COSTS | GDP | PUBLIC SAVINGS | CAPITAL INVESTMENT | BUSINESS ACTIVITIES | PRIVATIZATION | FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY | BUSINESS CLIMATE | TRANSITION ECONOMIES | TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT | PROSPERITY | UNEMPLOYMENT RATES | ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY | AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS | ECONOMIC GROWTH | FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT | MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY | TRADE FINANCE | ACCESS TO SERVICES | FINANCIAL MARKETS | AGRICULTURE | ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS | PUBLIC POLICY | AFFORDABILITY OF ACCESS | FINANCIAL AFFAIRS | ACCESS TO FINANCE | NEW ENTREPRENEURS | TRADING | CREDIT CRUNCH | CONTRIBUTION | INVESTMENT RATES | INVESTMENT PROJECTS | FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS | FINANCIAL SECTOR | FINANCING OF INVESTMENT | STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION | LIQUIDITY | INVESTING | REGULATORY FRAMEWORK | PRIVATE INVESTMENT RATES | PRIVATE INVESTMENT | FOREIGN LOANS | POLITICAL STABILITY | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | INVESTMENT PATTERNS | PORTFOLIO FLOWS | PUBLIC SPENDING | CAPITAL MARKET | STOCK EXCHANGES | AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY | INCOME | TRANSITION COUNTRIES | BANKS | ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION | HEAVY INVESTMENTS | MARKET DEEPENING | VALUABLE | CAPITAL BASE | INVESTMENT ACTIVITY | PRODUCTION COSTS | RAPID GROWTH | INVESTMENT SPENDING | HOST ECONOMIES | SALE | PROFITABILITY | SHARE OF INVESTMENT | TURNOVER | CAPACITY UTILIZATION | CAPITAL MARKET DEVELOPMENTS | EMPLOYEE | RETURNS | INVESTMENT FLOWS | POSITIVE EFFECTS | TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY | CAPITAL FLOWS | INVESTMENT NEEDS | DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION | CAPITAL ACCUMULATION | PUBLIC FINANCE | TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH | CORPORATE BOND | PRODUCTION FUNCTION | FIXED ASSETS | RULE OF LAW | FINANCIAL SERVICES | UNION | NATIONAL SAVINGS | SOCIAL SERVICES | STATEMENT | WORTH | FINANCIAL DEPTH | UNDERDEVELOPED FINANCIAL SECTOR | INTERNATIONAL BANK | INVESTMENT BY SECTOR | LIVING STANDARDS | REAL ESTATE | CAPITAL EXPENDITURE | DEBT | MARKET DEVELOPMENTS | SUPPLY CHAINS | DOMESTIC CAPITAL | FIXED CAPITAL | GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION | PRIVATE SECTOR CREDIT | INVENTORY | PUBLIC ASSETS | INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING | PRIVATE CAPITAL | DOMESTIC BANKS | CREDIT GROWTH | INITIAL CAPITAL | ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE | AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT | GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE | RATE OF RETURN | TRADING COSTS | SAVINGS RATES | PRIVATE INVESTMENTS | PUBLIC INVESTMENT | AFFORDABILITY | FOREIGN COMPANIES | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | ECONOMIC RESEARCH | MARKET CAPITALIZATION | PUBLIC INVESTMENTS | BUSINESS ACTIVITY | FISCAL CONSTRAINTS | STOCK MARKET | LIQUIDITY CRISIS | FUTURE GROWTH | ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE | STATISTICAL DATA | INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE | EDUCATION PROGRAMS | INVESTMENT GROWTH | VALUE ADDED | FOREIGN INVESTORS | LABOR FORCE | ENABLING ENVIRONMENT | HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT | INSURANCE | PHYSICAL CAPITAL | ACCESS TO EXTERNAL FINANCE | CENTRAL BANKS | CONTINGENT LIABILITIES | ADVISORY SERVICE | HUMAN CAPITAL | FOREIGN OWNERSHIP | SPECULATION | EXPENDITURES | ECONOMIC ACTIVITY | NATURAL RESOURCES | FINANCIAL SECTORS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | LOCAL BANKS | CAPITAL EXPENDITURES | PORTFOLIO | UNEMPLOYMENT | LEVY | MONETARY FUND | PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES | FOREIGN INVESTMENT | FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT | TOTAL OUTPUT | BANKING SECTOR | FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION | VENTURE CAPITAL | CAPITAL MARKETS | LACK OF ACCESS | REMITTANCE | KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY | PRODUCTIVITY | SAVINGS | CORPORATE BOND ISSUES | STOCK MARKETS | DOMESTIC INVESTMENT | CAPITAL OUTLAYS | GOVERNMENT POLICIES | GROWTH POTENTIAL

Two years into the deepest global financial crisis in the post-war era, the world economy is still experiencing uneven economic recovery and financial... 
Country risk | Political aspects | Investments, Foreign | FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTORS | INVESTMENT DECISIONS | INVESTMENT PLANS | INFORMATION CONSTRAINT | CROSS-BORDER CAPITAL | PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT FLOWS | UNEMPLOYMENT RATES | FOREIGN CAPITAL FLOWS | INTEREST RATES | LIABILITY | HUMAN RESOURCES | CAPITAL FORMATION | PRIVATE CREDITORS | GROUP OF INVESTORS | INVESTMENT DISPUTES | INVESTING | HOST COUNTRIES | TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER | INVESTMENT CORPORATION | PRIVATE INVESTMENT | POLITICAL STABILITY | EQUITY INVESTMENT | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | INTANGIBLE ASSETS | GOVERNMENT SPENDING | INVESTOR INTERESTS | TRANSITION COUNTRIES | BANKS | HOME COUNTRIES | INVESTMENT INSURANCE | FOOD PRICES | POLITICAL RISKS | POVERTY ALLEVIATION | EQUITY FLOWS | DEVELOPING ECONOMIES | TREATY | LOCAL GOVERNMENTS | CAPITAL FLOWS | INTERNATIONAL FINANCE | GROWTH RATE | PUBLIC FINANCE | PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT | CREDIT AGENCY | RISK MANAGEMENT | ARBITRATION | INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR | SETTLEMENT | BANK LENDING | FINANCIAL SERVICES | BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES | INTERNATIONAL BANK | STATISTICAL ANALYSIS | INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES | COMMODITY | CONFIDENCE INDEX | DEBT | GLOBAL ECONOMY | COMMODITY PRICES | INVENTORY | PRIVATE CAPITAL | ARREARS | REINSURANCE | HUMAN RIGHTS | GLOBAL FINANCIAL STABILITY | OUTPUT | DEBT DEFAULT | LARGE-SCALE INVESTMENTS | INTERNATIONAL MARKETS | AFFILIATES | CREDIT AGENCIES | NET DEBT | ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE | BOND ISSUANCE | MARKET SIZE | INSURANCE | MARKET FAILURE | LONG-TERM INVESTMENT | RETURN | ECONOMIC CRISIS | INSURANCE MARKET | GLOBAL TRADE | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | INSURANCE INDUSTRY | BOND | EXCHANGE RATE | CURRENCY | BORROWING POLICY | REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT | INTERNATIONAL DEBT MARKETS | CONSOLIDATION | EXPORT CREDIT | CREDIT DEFAULT | INVESTOR PERCEPTIONS | MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTEE AGENCY | MARKET CONFIDENCE | REMITTANCES | RATES OF RETURN | GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT | INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS | DEBT FINANCING | FOREIGN FIRMS | COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE | CONTRACT RENEGOTIATIONS | INTANGIBLE | CIVIL WARS | DEFICITS | INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS | REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS | EMPLOYMENT | FINANCIAL MARKETS | GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS | JOINT VENTURES | AMORTIZATION | FINANCIAL SYSTEM | INTERNATIONAL DEBT | LAWS | ECONOMIC DOWNTURN | POLITICAL RISK INSURANCE | COINSURANCE | FINANCIAL SECTOR | PRIVATE DEBT | DEBT FLOWS | SUBSIDIARY | MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES | INVESTOR PREFERENCE | NEW MARKETS | FOREIGN CAPITAL | INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT | CONVERTIBILITY RESTRICTIONS | MANDATES | EXPROPRIATION | RED TAPE | NATURAL RESOURCE | INCOME | INVESTOR BEHAVIOR | INCOMES | PROFITABILITY | HOST GOVERNMENT | TREATIES | RETURNS | PRIVATE CAPITAL FLOWS | COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER | INVESTMENT FLOWS | FINANCIAL CRISIS | DOMESTIC DEBT | DEPOSITS | INTERNATIONAL BANKING | MARKET ECONOMIES | SOVEREIGN GUARANTEES | CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS | LIBERALIZATION | COMMODITIES | FINANCIAL SYSTEMS | HOLDING | VIRTUOUS CYCLE | POLITICAL RISK | SOCIAL SERVICES | COUNTRY RISK | EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES | OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE | MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY | RISK MITIGATION | ACCOUNTING | TERRORISM | FINANCIAL FLOWS | PUBLIC UTILITIES | LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION | SECURITY CONCERNS | INSURERS | INVESTMENT FLOW | MACROECONOMIC DATA | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | GLOBAL EXPORTS | LOCAL ECONOMIES | INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL | CIVIL WAR | EXPROPRIATIONS | FOREIGN INVESTORS | BANKING SYSTEM | GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS | INTEREST RATE | LOCAL CURRENCIES | EMERGING MARKET | INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT | PRIVATE DEBT FLOWS | JOINT VENTURE | FOREIGN OWNERSHIP | NATURAL RESOURCES | TRANSPARENCY | HOST GOVERNMENTS | PUBLIC DEBT | PORTFOLIO | CURRENT PRICES | RECAPITALIZATION | MONETARY FUND | STATE INTERVENTION | FOREIGN INVESTMENT | FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT | LOCAL ENTERPRISES | WORLD ECONOMY | PRIVATE MARKET | FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTOR | PRODUCTIVITY | BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT | INVESTMENT LOCATION DECISIONS | LEVEL OF RISK