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1. Full Text Atp13a2 expression in the periaqueductal gray is decreased in the Pink1 -/- rat model of Parkinson disease
by Kelm-Nelson, Cynthia A and Stevenson, Sharon A and Ciucci, Michelle R
Neuroscience Letters, ISSN 0304-3940, 05/2016, Volume 621, pp. 75 - 82
Vocal communication deficits are common in Parkinson disease (PD). Widespread alpha-synuclein pathology is a common link between familial and sporadic PD, and... 
Ultrasonic vocalization | Periaqueductal gray | Pink1 | Alpha synuclein | Rat | Gad1 | Parkinson disease | Atp13a2 | SQUIRREL-MONKEY | MOUSE PUPS | ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN | DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS | SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA | NEUROSCIENCES | DEFICIENCY | P-TYPE ATPASE | NUCLEUS | ULTRASONIC VOCALIZATIONS | DYSFUNCTION | Biomarkers - metabolism | Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase - metabolism | Protein Kinases - genetics | Rats, Long-Evans | Rats | Glucosylceramidase - metabolism | Parkinson Disease - genetics | Gene Knockout Techniques | Receptors, Dopamine D2 - metabolism | Periaqueductal Gray - metabolism | Receptors, Dopamine D1 - metabolism | Proton-Translocating ATPases - metabolism | Animals | Glutamate Decarboxylase - metabolism | Parkinson Disease - metabolism | Receptors, GABA-A - metabolism | CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein - metabolism | alpha-Synuclein - metabolism | Apoptosis | Gene expression | Parkinson's disease | Neurosciences | RNA | Genes | GABA | Glutamate decarboxylase | Glutamate
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2. Full Text Stress induces analgesia via orexin 1 receptor-initiated endocannabinoid/CB1 signaling in the mouse periaqueductal gray
by Lee, Hsin-Jung and Chang, Lu-Yang and Ho, Yu-Cheng and Teng, Shu-Fang and Hwang, Ling-Ling and Mackie, Ken and Chiou, Lih-Chu
Neuropharmacology, ISSN 0028-3908, 06/2016, Volume 105, pp. 577 - 586
The orexin system consists of orexin A/hypocretin 1 and orexin B/hypocretin 2, and OX1 and OX2 receptors. Our previous electrophysiological study showed that... 
Periaqueductal gray | Pain | OX1 and OX2 receptors | Cannabinoid | Orexin | Stress-induced analgesia | PROTEIN | RAT | INVOLVEMENT | LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS STIMULATION | ANTINOCICEPTION | NEUROSCIENCES | VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA | HYPOCRETIN OREXIN | NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS | NEURONS | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | EXPRESSION | Benzoxazoles - pharmacology | Neurons - pathology | Pain Perception - physiology | Periaqueductal Gray - drug effects | Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology | Male | Nociceptive Pain - drug therapy | Nociceptive Pain - metabolism | Isoquinolines - pharmacology | Pain Perception - drug effects | Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - agonists | Stress, Psychological - metabolism | Urea - analogs & derivatives | Neurons - metabolism | Corticosterone - blood | Hypothalamus - drug effects | Neurons - drug effects | Orexin Receptors - metabolism | Stress, Psychological - drug therapy | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Nociceptive Pain - pathology | Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos - metabolism | Morpholines - pharmacology | Hypothalamus - pathology | Periaqueductal Gray - metabolism | Naphthalenes - pharmacology | Stress, Psychological - pathology | Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - metabolism | Animals | Hypothalamus - metabolism | Signal Transduction - drug effects | Naloxone - pharmacology | Benzoxazines - pharmacology | Orexin Receptors - agonists | Pyridines - pharmacology | Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - antagonists & inhibitors | Periaqueductal Gray - pathology | Urea - pharmacology | Physiological aspects | Medical colleges | Analgesia
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3. Full Text Periaqueductal gray glutamatergic transmission governs chronic stress-induced depression
by Ho, Yu-Cheng and Lin, Tzer-Bin and Hsieh, Ming-Chun and Lai, Cheng-Yuan and Chou, Dylan and Chau, Yat-Pang and Chen, Gin-Den and Peng, Hsien-Yu
Neuropsychopharmacology, ISSN 0893-133X, 2018, Volume 43, Issue 2, pp. 302 - 312
The mechanisms underlying chronic stress-induced dysfunction of glutamatergic transmission that contribute to helplessness-associated depressive disorder are... 
PSYCHIATRY | BEHAVIOR | COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT | NERVE-INJURY | SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY | NEUROSCIENCES | PREFRONTAL CORTEX | KETAMINE | NEUROPATHIC PAIN | AMPA RECEPTORS | LEARNED HELPLESSNESS MODEL | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | MODULATION | Depression - physiopathology | Receptors, Glucocorticoid - antagonists & inhibitors | Synaptic Transmission - physiology | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism | Periaqueductal Gray - drug effects | Male | Receptors, Glucocorticoid - agonists | Depression - etiology | Depression - metabolism | Depression - chemically induced | Stress, Psychological - metabolism | Behavior, Animal - drug effects | Synaptic Transmission - drug effects | Anhedonia - physiology | Receptors, AMPA - metabolism | Disease Models, Animal | Rats | Behavior, Animal - physiology | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Periaqueductal Gray - metabolism | Periaqueductal Gray - physiopathology | Patch-Clamp Techniques | Animals | Glutamic Acid - metabolism | Stress, Psychological - complications | Receptors, AMPA - antagonists & inhibitors | Sucrose | Mental disorders | Glucocorticoids | Glutamic acid receptors (ionotropic) | Pathogenesis | Foot shock | Glutamic acid receptors | Mental depression | α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors | Cell surface | Western blotting | Receptors | Reduction | γ-Aminobutyric acid | Endocytosis | Synaptic transmission | α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid | Hedonic response | Sugars | Stresses | Periaqueductal gray area | Pharmacology | Stress | Behavioral despair | Acids | Glutamatergic transmission | Original
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4. Full Text Regulation of REM and Non-REM Sleep by Periaqueductal GABAergic Neurons
by Weber, Franz and Hoang Do, Johnny Phong and Chung, Shinjae and Beier, Kevin T and Bikov, Mike and Saffari Doost, Mohammad and Dan, Yang
Nature Communications, ISSN 2041-1723, 12/2018, Volume 9, Issue 1, pp. 354 - 13
Mammalian sleep consists of distinct rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) states. The midbrain region ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) is known... 
DISCHARGE | BEHAVIOR | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS | BRAIN-STEM | MICE | SWITCH | PARADOXICAL SLEEP | MODULATION | WAKEFULNESS | CYCLE | Calcium - metabolism | Sleep, REM - physiology | Pons - physiology | GABAergic Neurons - physiology | Electroencephalography | Polysomnography | Brain - physiology | Neural Pathways - physiology | Periaqueductal Gray - metabolism | Brain - metabolism | Animals | Ultradian Rhythm - physiology | Neural Pathways - metabolism | Periaqueductal Gray - physiology | Electromyography | Mice | Pons - metabolism | GABAergic Neurons - metabolism | Sleep - physiology | Neuroimaging | Brain | Pons | Calcium | Mesencephalon | Neurons | Periaqueductal gray area | Calcium imaging | Firing rate | Sleep (REM) | Rapid eye movement state | Eye movements | γ-Aminobutyric acid | Sleep | Consolidation | Sleep (NREM) | Gating
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5. Full Text Collateral Pathways from the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Mediate Defensive Behaviors
by Wang, Li and Chen, Irene Z and Lin, Dayu
Neuron, ISSN 0896-6273, 03/2015, Volume 85, Issue 6, pp. 1344 - 1358
The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) was thought to be essential for coping with threat, although its circuit mechanism remains unclear. To investigate this, we... 
ORGANIZATION | SYSTEM | PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS-LEUKOAGGLUTININ | STIMULATION | PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY | RAT | NUCLEUS | EFFERENT CONNECTIONS | PROJECTIONS | NEUROSCIENCES | AMYGDALA | Neurons - pathology | Animals | Hypothalamus - metabolism | Video Recording - methods | Behavior, Animal - physiology | Female | Male | Mice | Neurons - metabolism | Neural Pathways - physiology | Periaqueductal Gray - metabolism | Periaqueductal Gray - pathology | Animal behavior | Neurosciences | Neurons | Light | Electrocardiography | Collateral | Behavior | Defense
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6. Full Text Blockade of toll-like receptor 4 attenuates morphine tolerance and facilitates the pain relieving properties of morphine
by Eidson, Lori N and Murphy, Anne Z
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 2013, Volume 33, Issue 40, pp. 15952 - 15963
The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) is an integral locus for morphine action. Although it is clear that glia contribute to the development of... 
PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY NEURONS | NEUROPATHIC PAIN | POTENTIAL CIRCUIT | VENTROMEDIAL MEDULLARY PATHWAY | NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA | OPIOID RECEPTORS | PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES | SEX-DIFFERENCES | NERVE INJURY | NEUROSCIENCES | ANTINOCICEPTIVE TOLERANCE | Morphine - pharmacology | Analgesia - methods | Drug Tolerance | Periaqueductal Gray - drug effects | Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology | Rats | Analgesics, Opioid - therapeutic use | Male | Pain - metabolism | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Toll-Like Receptor 4 - metabolism | Periaqueductal Gray - metabolism | Neuroglia - drug effects | Periaqueductal Gray - physiopathology | Inflammation - metabolism | Animals | Pain - drug therapy | Pain - physiopathology | Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology | Neuroglia - metabolism | Toll-Like Receptor 4 - antagonists & inhibitors | Pain Measurement | Morphine - therapeutic use | Inflammation - physiopathology
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7. Full Text Pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei contain distinct populations of cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the rat
by Wang, Hui-Ling and Morales, Marisela
European Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0953-816X, 01/2009, Volume 29, Issue 2, pp. 340 - 358
The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg) provide cholinergic afferents to several brain areas. This cholinergic... 
LDTg | Dopamine | Reward | Ventral tegmental area | PPTg | Substantia nigra | reward | INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER | substantia nigra | VESICULAR GLUTAMATE | SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA | NEUROSCIENCES | MIDBRAIN DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS | MESOPONTINE TEGMENTUM | IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION | ventral tegmental area | SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | ACETYLTRANSFERASE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY | dopamine | PONTOMESENCEPHALIC TEGMENTUM | NONCHOLINERGIC NEURONS | Immunohistochemistry | Periaqueductal Gray - cytology | Synaptic Transmission - physiology | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism | RNA, Messenger - analysis | Rats | Glutamate Decarboxylase - genetics | Male | Acetylcholine - metabolism | Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus - metabolism | RNA, Messenger - metabolism | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins - genetics | Choline O-Acetyltransferase - metabolism | Periaqueductal Gray - metabolism | Phenotype | Animals | In Situ Hybridization | Glutamate Decarboxylase - analysis | Glutamic Acid - metabolism | Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus - cytology | Choline O-Acetyltransferase - genetics | Proteins | Messenger RNA | Neurons | Choline | GABA | Acetylcholine | Glutamate decarboxylase | Glutamate
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8. Full Text Disrupted functional connectivity of the periaqueductal gray in chronic low back pain
by Yu, Rongjun and Gollub, Randy L and Spaeth, Rosa and Napadow, Vitaly and Wasan, Ajay and Kong, Jian
NeuroImage: Clinical, ISSN 2213-1582, 2014, Volume 6, Issue C, pp. 100 - 108
Chronic low back pain is a common neurological disorder. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a key role in the descending modulation of pain. In this study, we... 
Functional connectivity | fMRI | Periaqueductal gray | Chronic low back pain | RESTING-STATE FMRI | NETWORK | SPONTANEOUS FLUCTUATIONS | PLACEBO ANALGESIA | GLOBUS-PALLIDUS | HUMANS | NEUROIMAGING | ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION | CORTEX | BRAIN | MODULATION
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9. Full Text Heroin-based crack induces hyperalgesia through β-arrestin 2 redistribution and phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and JNK in the periaqueductal gray area
by Aberoumandi, Seyed Mohsen and Vousooghi, Nasim and Tabrizi, Bahram Amoughli and Karimi, Pouran
Neuroscience Letters, ISSN 0304-3940, 04/2019, Volume 698, pp. 133 - 139
Continuous use of crack induces hyperalgesia which is related to drug tolerance. Despite cumulative evidence based on the growth rate of crack abuse, no... 
Erk1/2 | Tolerance | Barbadin | β-arrestin 2 | Heroin | Crack | beta-arrestin 2 | ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE | MORPHINE ANTINOCICEPTIVE TOLERANCE | DESENSITIZATION | IRANIAN CRACK | MECHANISMS | NEUROSCIENCES | MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR | INHIBITION | SENSITIZATION | WITHDRAWAL | EXPRESSION | Hyperalgesia - chemically induced | Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - drug effects | Morphine - pharmacology | Rats, Wistar | Receptors, Opioid, mu - drug effects | Receptors, Opioid, mu - metabolism | Periaqueductal Gray - drug effects | Drug Tolerance - physiology | Male | beta-Arrestin 2 - metabolism | Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - metabolism | Periaqueductal Gray - metabolism | Animals | Heroin - pharmacology
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10. Full Text Different patterns of freezing behavior organized in the periaqueductal gray of rats: Association with different types of anxiety
by Brandão, Marcus L and Zanoveli, Janaína M and Ruiz-Martinez, Raquel C and Oliveira, Luciana C and Landeira-Fernandez, Jesus
Behavioural Brain Research, ISSN 0166-4328, 2008, Volume 188, Issue 1, pp. 1 - 13
Freezing defined as the complete absence of body movements is a normal response of animals to unavoidable fear stimuli. The present review presents a series of... 
Freezing behavior | Panic attacks | Panic disorder without agoraphobia | Animal models of anxiety | Generalized anxiety disorder | Panic disorder with agoraphobia | panic attacks | UNCONDITIONED FEAR | DEFENSIVE BEHAVIORS | PANIC DISORDER | panic disorder without agoraphobia | GLUTAMIC-ACID DECARBOXYLASE | MIDBRAIN TECTUM | RECEPTOR AGONISTS | NEUROSCIENCES | freezing behavior | INFERIOR COLLICULUS | panic disorder with agoraphobia | REDUCES CONDITIONED FEAR | generalized anxiety disorder | ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION | animal models of anxiety | BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES | CONTEXTUAL-FEAR | Animals | Serotonin - metabolism | Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic - physiology | Neural Pathways - metabolism | Rats | Anxiety Disorders - metabolism | Anxiety Disorders - classification | Conditioning, Classical - physiology | Panic Disorder - metabolism | Association Learning - physiology | Periaqueductal Gray - metabolism | Animal behavior | Anxiety
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11. Full Text Periaqueductal gray neurons project to spinally projecting GABAergic neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla
by Morgan, Michael M and Whittier, Kelsey L and Hegarty, Deborah M and Aicher, Sue A
Pain, ISSN 0304-3959, 2008, Volume 140, Issue 2, pp. 376 - 386
The analgesic effects of morphine are mediated, in part, by periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons that project to the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Although... 
Immunocytochemistry | Antinociception | Pain modulation | AMINO-ACID TRANSMISSION | NOCICEPTIVE MODULATORY NEURONS | PAIN FACILITATING NEURONS | BRAIN-STEM | OFF-CELLS | NEUROSCIENCES | DORSAL-HORN | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | DELTA-OPIOID RECEPTORS | DESCENDING FACILITATION | VENTRAL MEDULLA | NUCLEUS RAPHE MAGNUS | ANESTHESIOLOGY | Afferent Pathways - metabolism | Periaqueductal Gray - cytology | Spinal Cord - metabolism | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism | Medulla Oblongata - metabolism | Rats | Male | Neurons - cytology | Afferent Pathways - cytology | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Periaqueductal Gray - metabolism | Medulla Oblongata - cytology | Animals | Neurons - metabolism | Spinal Cord - cytology | Analgesics | GABA | Neurons | antinociception | immunocytochemistry | pain modulation
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