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1. Full Text Multifaceted Regulations of Gateway Enzyme Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase in the Biosynthesis of Phenylpropanoids
by Zhang, Xuebin and Liu, Chang-Jun and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Molecular Plant, ISSN 1674-2052, 01/2015, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp. 17 - 27
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants engenders a vast variety of aromatic metabolites critically important for their growth, development, and environmental... 
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase | phenylpropanoids | metabolic regulation | CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES | ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA | DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | TOBACCO LIM PROTEIN | TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION | F-BOX PROTEINS | METHYLIDENE-IMIDAZOLONE | PLANT SCIENCES | CINNAMIC ACID-DERIVATIVES | GENE FAMILY | LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS | Plants - metabolism | Protein Processing, Post-Translational | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism | Propanols - metabolism | Plants - enzymology | Phenylpropanoids | BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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2. Full Text An important role of the pepper phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (PAL1) in salicylic acid-dependent signalling of the defence response to microbial pathogens
by Kim, Dae Sung and Hwang, Byung Kook
Journal of Experimental Botany, ISSN 0022-0957, 2014, Volume 65, Issue 9, pp. 2295 - 2306
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) has a crucial role in secondary phenylpropanoid metabolism and is one of the most extensively studied enzymes with respect to... 
pepper | Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase | Arabidopsis | defence | ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA | TRANSGENIC TOBACCO | PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM | PLANT DEVELOPMENT | CELL-DEATH | PLANT SCIENCES | BIOSYNTHESIS | FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS | RESISTANCE | BAMBUSA-OLDHAMII | EXPRESSION | Xanthomonas campestris - physiology | Gene Expression | Capsicum - enzymology | Disease Resistance | Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism | Signal Transduction | Salicylic Acid - metabolism | Plant Diseases - immunology | Virulence | Arabidopsis - immunology | Plant Diseases - microbiology | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism | Capsicum - genetics | Arabidopsis - genetics | Host-Pathogen Interactions | Arabidopsis - microbiology | Plant Proteins - genetics | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - genetics | Gene Expression Regulation, Plant | Plant Proteins - metabolism | Xanthomonas campestris - pathogenicity | Pseudomonas syringae - physiology | Research Paper
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3. Full Text Cooperative functioning between phenylalanine ammonia lyase and isochorismate synthase activities contributes to salicylic acid biosynthesis in soybean
by Shine, M. B and Yang, Jung‐Wook and El‐Habbak, Mohamed and Nagyabhyru, Padmaja and Fu, Da‐Qi and Navarre, Duroy and Ghabrial, Said and Kachroo, Pradeep and Kachroo, Aardra
New Phytologist, ISSN 0028-646X, 11/2016, Volume 212, Issue 3, pp. 627 - 636
Summary Salicylic acid (SA), an essential regulator of plant defense, is derived from chorismate via either the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) or the... 
salicylic acid (SA) | isochorismate synthase (ICS) | phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) | pathogen defense | soybean (Glycine max) | PHYTOPHTHORA RESISTANCE | BENZOIC-ACID | PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE | SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE | PLANT SCIENCES | PERONOSPORA-PARASITICA | AMINO-ACID | SYRINGAE PV GLYCINEA | PLANT DEFENSE | RACE-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE | AVIRULENCE GENE | Intramolecular Transferases - genetics | Genes, Plant | Salicylic Acid - metabolism | RNA, Messenger - genetics | Gene Silencing | Phytophthora - physiology | Biosynthetic Pathways | RNA, Messenger - metabolism | Soybeans - genetics | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism | Intramolecular Transferases - metabolism | Plant Proteins - genetics | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - genetics | Plant Leaves - metabolism | Isoenzymes - metabolism | Soybeans - enzymology | Soybeans - microbiology | Gene Expression Regulation, Plant | Plant Proteins - metabolism | Plant Diseases | Disease Resistance - genetics | Pseudomonas syringae - physiology | Proteins | Arabidopsis thaliana | Ammonia | Drug resistance in microorganisms | Phenylalanine | Analysis | Physiological aspects | Phenols | Virulence (Microbiology) | Soybean | Glycine | Gene expression
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4. Full Text Arabidopsis Kelch Repeat F-Box Proteins Regulate Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis via Controlling the Turnover of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
by Xuebin Zhang and Mingyue Gou and Chang-Jun Liu
The Plant Cell, ISSN 1040-4651, 12/2013, Volume 25, Issue 12, pp. 4994 - 5010
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) catalyzes the first rate-limiting step in the phenylpropanoid pathway, which controls carbon flux to a variety of bioactive... 
Proteins | Lignin | Enzymes | RESEARCH ARTICLES | Genes | Antibodies | Biosynthesis | Gene expression regulation | Plants | F box proteins | Plant cells | CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES | SECONDARY METABOLISM | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | PLANT DEVELOPMENT | SWEET-POTATO | PLANT SCIENCES | CELL BIOLOGY | CIRCADIAN CLOCK | FLAVONOID BIOSYNTHESIS | FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS | GENE FAMILY | FLUORESCENCE COMPLEMENTATION | LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS | Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics | Arabidopsis Proteins - physiology | F-Box Proteins - metabolism | Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex - physiology | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism | Arabidopsis - metabolism | Protein Interaction Mapping | Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism | Ubiquitination | F-Box Proteins - physiology | Lignin - metabolism | Gene Expression Regulation, Plant | Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex - metabolism | F-Box Proteins - genetics | Arabidopsis thaliana | Plant proteins | Botanical research | Physiological aspects | Phenylpropanoids | Lyases | Research
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5. Full Text The Bacterial Ammonia Lyase EncP: A Tunable Biocatalyst for the Synthesis of Unnatural Amino Acids
by Weise, Nicholas J and Parmeggiani, Fabio and Ahmed, Syed T and Turner, Nicholas J
Journal of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0002-7863, 10/2015, Volume 137, Issue 40, pp. 12977 - 12983
Enzymes of the class I lyase-like family catalyze the asymmetric addition of ammonia to arylacrylates, yielding high value amino acids as products. Recent... 
PHENYLALANINE AMINOMUTASE | MECHANISM | HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION | DERIVATIVES | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | STEREOCHEMISTRY | Amino Acids - metabolism | Streptomyces - enzymology | Catalytic Domain | Ammonia-Lyases - metabolism | Biocatalysis | Amino acids | Research | Chemical properties | Catalysis | Chemical synthesis
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6. Full Text Biochemical and structural analysis of substrate specificity of a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
by Jun, Se-Young and Sattler, Steven A and Cortez, Gabriel S and Vermerris, Wilfred and Sattler, Scott E and Kang, ChulHee
Plant Physiology, ISSN 0032-0889, 02/2018, Volume 176, Issue 2, pp. 1452 - 1468
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first enzyme of the general phenylpropanoid pathway catalyzing the nonoxidative elimination of ammonia from... 
SORGHUM SORGHUM-BICOLOR | AMINO-ACID | SUGAR YIELDS | PLANT PHENOLICS | ACTIVE-SITE | CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE | BIOSYNTHESIS | REDUCED LIGNIN CONTENT | CATALYTIC MECHANISM | IDENTIFICATION | PLANT SCIENCES | Sorghum - enzymology | Catalytic Domain | Mutagenesis, Site-Directed | Phenylalanine - metabolism | Substrate Specificity | Crystallography, X-Ray | Phylogeny | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - chemistry | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism | Plant Proteins - genetics | Thermodynamics | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - genetics | Tyrosine - metabolism | Phenylalanine - genetics | Plant Proteins - chemistry | Protein Conformation | Molecular Docking Simulation | Plant Proteins - metabolism | Binding Sites | Tyrosine - genetics | Ammonia | Biomass energy | Isoenzymes | Analysis | Crystals | Amino acids | Structure
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7. Full Text Structural Basis for the Entrance into the Phenylpropanoid Metabolism Catalyzed by Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
by Holger Ritter and Georg E. Schulz
The Plant Cell, ISSN 1040-4651, 12/2004, Volume 16, Issue 12, pp. 3426 - 3436
Because of its key role in secondary phenylpropanoid metabolism, Phe ammonia-lyase is one of the most extensively studied plant enzymes. To provide a basis for... 
Fungi | Enzymes | Ammonia | Crystals | Atoms | Amino acids | Biochemistry | Parsley | Plant cells | Crystal structure | TRANS-CINNAMIC ACID | DEHYDROALANINE | MECHANISM | PETROSELINUM-CRISPUM | CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | PHENYLKETONURIA | PLANT SCIENCES | CELL BIOLOGY | GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN | ENZYME | HISTIDINE | BIOSYNTHESIS | Petroselinum - chemistry | Phenylalanine - metabolism | Molecular Biology | Ammonia - metabolism | Molecular Conformation | Models, Molecular | Molecular Sequence Data | Crystallography, X-Ray | Amino Acid Sequence - physiology | Catalytic Domain - physiology | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - chemistry | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism | Phenylpropionates - metabolism | Catalysis | Petroselinum - metabolism | Protein Structure, Tertiary - physiology | Chemical properties | Phenylalanine | Structure | Spectrum analysis | Analysis
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8. Full Text Zymophore identification enables the discovery of novel phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzymes
by Weise, Nicholas J and Ahmed, Syed T and Parmeggiani, Fabio and Galman, James L and Dunstan, Mark S and Charnock, Simon J and Leys, David and Turner, Nicholas J
Scientific Reports, ISSN 2045-2322, 12/2017, Volume 7, Issue 1, pp. 13691 - 9
The suite of biological catalysts found in Nature has the potential to contribute immensely to scientific advancements, ranging from industrial biotechnology... 
IN-VITRO | BROAD SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY | ASYMMETRIC AMINATION | TYROSINE | DEPRIVATION | AMINO-ACIDS | BIOSYNTHESIS | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | PHENYLKETONURIA | AMINOMUTASE | BIOCATALYSIS | Amino Acid Sequence | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - genetics | Biocatalysis | Sequence Analysis - methods | Bacterial Proteins - genetics | Enzyme Stability | Bacterial Proteins - metabolism | Protein Conformation | Structure-Activity Relationship | Drug Discovery | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - chemistry | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism | Ammonia | Enzymes | Biotechnology | Protein engineering | Catalysts | Enzymatic activity | Phenylalanine | Medical innovations
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9. Full Text Enzymatic Changes in Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase, Cinnamic-4-hydroxylase, Capsaicin Synthase, and Peroxidase Activities in Capsicum under Drought Stress
by Phimchan, Paongpetch and Chanthai, Saksit and Bosland, Paul W and Techawongstien, Suchila
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, ISSN 0021-8561, 07/2014, Volume 62, Issue 29, pp. 7057 - 7062
Penylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamic-4-hydroxylase (C4H), capsaicin synthase (CS), and peroxidase (POD) are involved in the capsaicinoid biosynthesis... 
capsaicinoids biosynthesis | water stress | pungency | Capsicum annuum | Capsicum - physiology | Trans-Cinnamate 4-Monooxygenase - metabolism | Capsicum - enzymology | Capsaicin - metabolism | Droughts | Stress, Physiological | Ligases - metabolism | Peroxidases - metabolism | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism
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10. Full Text A modern view of phenylalanine ammonia lyase
by MacDonald, M. J and DCunha, Godwin B
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, ISSN 0829-8211, 06/2007, Volume 85, Issue 3, pp. 273 - 282
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL; E.C.4.3.1.5), which catalyses the biotransformation of l -phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia, was first... 
molecular biology | phénylalanine ammoniaque lyase | activité enzymatique dans les solvants organiques | catalyse | cinétique | phenylalanine ammonia lyase | physiological role | catalysis | structure | biologie moléculaire | purification | enzyme activity in organic solvents | kinetics | rôle physiologique | applications | Enzyme activity in organic solvents | Purification | Applications | Physiological role | Phenylalanine ammonia lyase | Catalysis | Kinetics | Molecular biology | Structure | TRANS-CINNAMIC ACID | CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES | ACTIVE-SITE | CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | ESCHERICHIA-COLI | CELL BIOLOGY | RHODOTORULA-GLUTINIS | ORGANIC-SOLVENTS | RHODOSPORIDIUM-TORULOIDES | NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE | Humans | Models, Molecular | Phenylalanine - analysis | Substrate Specificity | Crystallography, X-Ray | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - chemistry | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - genetics | Animals | Rhodotorula - enzymology | Protein Conformation | Mice | Rhodotorula - genetics | Evaluation | Phenylalanine | Crystals | Physiological aspects | Lyases | Chemical properties | Enzyme kinetics | Enzymes | Ammonia
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11. Full Text Colocalization of L-Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase for Metabolic Channeling in Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis
by Lahoucine Achnine and Elison B. Blancaflor and Susanne Rasmussen and Richard A. Dixon
The Plant Cell, ISSN 1040-4651, 11/2004, Volume 16, Issue 11, pp. 3098 - 3109
Metabolic channeling has been proposed to occur at the entry point into plant phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. To determine whether isoforms of L-Phe... 
Proteins | Protein isoforms | Enzymes | Gels | Epidermal cells | Protoplasts | Fluorescence | Antibodies | Biosynthesis | Plant cells | Amino Acid Sequence | Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - metabolism | Molecular Sequence Data | Immunoblotting | Mixed Function Oxygenases - metabolism | Trans-Cinnamate 4-Monooxygenase | Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics | Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - physiology | Epitopes - genetics | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism | Sequence Homology, Amino Acid | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - genetics | Phenylpropionates - metabolism | Tobacco - genetics | Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - physiology | Plants, Genetically Modified | Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics | Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer | Recombinant Fusion Proteins - genetics | Mixed Function Oxygenases - genetics | Tobacco - enzymology | Analysis | Protein biosynthesis | Fluorescent antibody technique | Genetic aspects | Research | Tobacco (Plant) | Immunofluorescence
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12. Full Text Hybrid magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of phenylalanine ammonia lyase from rhodotorula glutinis
by Cui, Jian Dong and Cui, Li Li and Zhang, Song Ping and Zhang, Yu Fei and Su, Zhi Guo and Ma, Guang Hui
PLoS ONE, ISSN 1932-6203, 05/2014, Volume 9, Issue 5, p. e97221
Novel hybrid magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (HM-PAL-CLEAs) were developed by co-aggregation of enzyme aggregates with... 
BIOCATALYSTS | PENICILLIN-G ACYLASE | POLYMERS | METHODOLOGY | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | ENHANCEMENT | LIPASE | SILICA | CLEAS | IMMOBILIZATION | COAGGREGATION | Microscopy, Electron, Scanning | Glutaral - metabolism | Rhodotorula - physiology | Magnetics | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism | Cross-Over Studies | Biotechnology - methods | Microscopy, Confocal | Magnetite Nanoparticles - chemistry | Protein Aggregates - physiology | Rhodotorula - enzymology | Kinetics | Hydrogen-Ion Concentration | Bioengineering | Scanning electron microscopy | Enzymes | Particle size | Process engineering | Phenylalanine | Laboratories | Science | Confocal microscopy | Crosslinking | Shelf life | Confocal | Biocatalysts | Electron microscopy | pH effects | Thermal stability | Nanoparticles | Ammonia | Magnetite | Glutaraldehyde | Aggregates | Storage stability | Magnetic fields | Scanning microscopy
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13. Full Text Bacterial Anabaena variabilis phenylalanine ammonia lyase: A biocatalyst with broad substrate specificity
by Lovelock, Sarah L and Turner, Nicholas J
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0968-0896, 10/2014, Volume 22, Issue 20, pp. 5555 - 5557
Phenylalanine ammonia lyases (PALs) catalyse the regio- and stereoselective hydroamination of cinnamic acid analogues to yield optically enriched α-amino... 
Bacterial | Phenylalanine ammonia lyase | Biocatalysis | Kinetics | Hydroamination | ALPHA-AMINO | CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL | L-ARYLALANINES | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC | BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION | METABOLISM | AMINO-ACIDS | CATALYTIC ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS | Stereoisomerism | Anabaena variabilis - enzymology | Models, Molecular | Substrate Specificity | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - chemistry | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism | Phenylalanine | Ammonia
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14. Full Text Biotechnological production and applications of microbial phenylalanine ammonia lyase: a recent review
by Cui, Jian Dong and Qiu, Ji Qing and Fan, Xian Wei and Jia, Shi Ru and Tan, Zhi Lei
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, ISSN 0738-8551, 9/2014, Volume 34, Issue 3, pp. 258 - 268
Abstract Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) catalyzes the nonoxidative deamination of l-phenylalanine to form trans-cinnamic acid and a free ammonium ion. It... 
biotechnological production | purification | phenylalanine ammonia lyase | Activity | microbe | stability | applications | Microbe | Purification | Stability | Applications | Biotechnological production | Phenylalanine ammonia lyase | TRANS-CINNAMIC ACID | SPORIDIOBOLUS-PARAROSEUS | P-HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACID | ESCHERICHIA-COLI | BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION | SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE | SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY | HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION | RHODOTORULA-GLUTINIS | BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | RHODOSPORIDIUM-TORULOIDES | Bacteria - metabolism | Industrial Microbiology - methods | Fungi - metabolism | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - isolation & purification | Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism
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