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1. Full Text Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor linagliptin
by Graefe‐Mody, U and Friedrich, C and Port, A and Ring, A and Retlich, S and Heise, T and Halabi, A and Woerle, H.‐J
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, ISSN 1462-8902, 10/2011, Volume 13, Issue 10, pp. 939 - 946
Aim: This study assessed the influence of various degrees of renal impairment on the exposure of linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor with a... 
type 2 diabetes mellitus | DPP‐4 inhibitor | end‐stage renal disease | linagliptin | renal impairment | End-stage renal disease | Linagliptin | Renal impairment | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | DPP-4 inhibitor | TARGET | SAXAGLIPTIN | HUMANS | PHARMACODYNAMICS | end-stage renal disease | DISPOSITION | METABOLISM | TOLERABILITY | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS | Area Under Curve | Diabetic Nephropathies - metabolism | Humans | Middle Aged | Purines - pharmacokinetics | Half-Life | Quinazolines - pharmacokinetics | Male | Treatment Outcome | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism | Purines - administration & dosage | Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors - administration & dosage | Kidney Failure, Chronic - metabolism | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Creatinine - metabolism | Analysis of Variance | Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics | Female | Quinazolines - administration & dosage | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy | Type 2 diabetes | Chronic kidney failure
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2. Full Text Salt and Cocrystals of Sildenafil with Dicarboxylic Acids: Solubility and Pharmacokinetic Advantage of the Glutarate Salt
by Sanphui, Palash and Tothadi, Srinu and Ganguly, Somnath and Desiraju, Gautam R
Molecular Pharmaceutics, ISSN 1543-8384, 12/2013, Volume 10, Issue 12, pp. 4687 - 4697
Sildenafil is a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Because of poor aqueous solubility of the drug, the citrate salt,... 
X-ray crystallography | bioavailability | crystal engineering | dissolution | hydrogen bond | DRUG | MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | IMPROVE | CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE | THEOPHYLLINE | HYDROGEN-BONDS | crystal engineering X-ray crystallography | SUPRAMOLECULAR HETEROSYNTHONS | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS | CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS | WATER | Dicarboxylic Acids - pharmacokinetics | Area Under Curve | Biological Availability | Male | Piperazines - chemistry | Pimelic Acids - pharmacokinetics | Salts - chemistry | Sildenafil Citrate | Glutarates - pharmacokinetics | Sulfones - chemistry | Oxalic Acid - pharmacokinetics | Water - chemistry | Salts - pharmacokinetics | Glutarates - chemistry | Pimelic Acids - chemistry | Piperazines - pharmacokinetics | Oxalic Acid - chemistry | Purines - pharmacokinetics | Crystallization | Solubility | Fumarates - chemistry | Rats | Succinic Acid - pharmacokinetics | Permeability | Sulfones - pharmacokinetics | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Dicarboxylic Acids - chemistry | Animals | Purines - chemistry | Fumarates - pharmacokinetics | Succinic Acid - chemistry
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3. Full Text Changes in Individual Drug-Independent System Parameters during Virtual Paediatric Pharmacokinetic Trials: Introducing Time-Varying Physiology into a Paediatric PBPK Model
by Abduljalil, Khaled and Jamei, Masoud and Rostami-Hodjegan, Amin and Johnson, Trevor N
The AAPS Journal, ISSN 1550-7416, 5/2014, Volume 16, Issue 3, pp. 568 - 576
Although both POPPK and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can account for age and other covariates within a paediatric population, they... 
Biochemistry, general | developmental pharmacokinetics | paediatrics | Biotechnology | Biomedicine | Pharmacy | time varying | metabolism | Pharmacology/Toxicology | CANCER CACHEXIA | CLEARANCE | PHARMACODYNAMICS | CHILDREN | AGE-RELATED-CHANGES | POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS | ONTOGENY | INFANTS | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | HUMAN LIVER | DEVELOPMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY | Pediatrics | Anticonvulsants - pharmacokinetics | Reproducibility of Results | Vasodilator Agents - pharmacokinetics | Humans | Purines - pharmacokinetics | Child, Preschool | Infant | Sulfones - pharmacokinetics | Sildenafil Citrate | Pharmaceutical Preparations - metabolism | Theophylline - pharmacokinetics | Models, Biological | Bronchodilator Agents - pharmacokinetics | Clinical Trials as Topic - methods | Piperazines - pharmacokinetics | Pharmacokinetics | Child | Infant, Newborn | Phenytoin - pharmacokinetics | Aging - metabolism | Physiological aspects | Models | Cytochrome P-450
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4. Full Text Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Single Rising Intravenous Doses (0.5mg–10mg) and Determination of Absolute Bioavailability of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin (BI 1356) in Healthy Male Subjects
by Retlich, Silke and Duval, Vincent and Ring, Arne and Staab, Alexander and Hüttner, Silke and Jungnik, Arvid and Jaehde, Ulrich and Dugi, Klaus A and Graefe-Mody, Ulrike
Clinical Pharmacokinetics, ISSN 0312-5963, 12/2010, Volume 49, Issue 12, pp. 829 - 840
Linagliptin (BI 1356) is a highly specific inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4, which is currently in phase III clinical development for the treatment of... 
Pharmacotherapy | Internal Medicine | Medicine & Public Health | Pharmacology/Toxicology | Research-and-development | Population-pharmacokinetics | Antihyperglycaemics, pharmacokinetics | Linagliptin, pharmacokinetics | Bioavailability | Dipeptidyl-peptidase-inhibitors, pharmacodynamics | Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic-relationships | Linagliptin, pharmacodynamics | Pharmacokinetic-modelling | Dipeptidyl-peptidase-inhibitors, pharmacokinetics | Antihyperglycaemics, pharmacodynamics | TARGET | MEDIATED DRUG DISPOSITION | TYPE-2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS | PLASMA | GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 | TOLERABILITY | VOLUNTEERS | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | PROTEIN BINDING | BENAZEPRILAT | POLYPEPTIDE | Single-Blind Method | Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 - metabolism | Tablets | Area Under Curve | Humans | Middle Aged | Half-Life | Quinazolines - pharmacokinetics | Biological Availability | Male | Purines - administration & dosage | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Tissue Distribution | Young Adult | Quinazolines - metabolism | Adult | Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors - metabolism | Quinazolines - administration & dosage | Linagliptin | Purines - metabolism | Purines - pharmacokinetics | Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors - administration & dosage | Cross-Over Studies | Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics | Models, Biological | Adolescent | Protein Binding | Infusions, Intravenous | Type 2 diabetes | Complications and side effects | Hypoglycemic agents | Dosage and administration | Research | Pharmacokinetics | Drug therapy
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5. Full Text Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Linagliptin
by Graefe-Mody, Ulrike and Retlich, Silke and Friedrich, Christian
Clinical Pharmacokinetics, ISSN 0312-5963, 7/2012, Volume 51, Issue 7, pp. 411 - 427
Linagliptin is an orally active small-molecule inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4, which was first licensed in the US, Europe, Japan and other... 
Pharmacotherapy | Internal Medicine | Medicine & Public Health | Pharmacology/Toxicology | pharmacokinetics | type-2-diabetes-mellitus | linagliptin | drug-interactions | pharmacology | STEADY-STATE PHARMACOKINETICS | CONTROLLED-TRIAL | DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 INHIBITOR | GLYCEMIC CONTROL | HEALTHY MALE-VOLUNTEERS | SATURABLE BINDING | IV INHIBITOR | DOUBLE-BLIND | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | BI 1356 | TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS | Animals | Drug Interactions | Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics | Purines - pharmacology | Humans | Purines - pharmacokinetics | Quinazolines - pharmacokinetics | Linagliptin | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism | Quinazolines - pharmacology | Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors - pharmacology
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6. Full Text Review article: recent advances in pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics for safe and effective thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
by Moon, W and Loftus, E. V
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, ISSN 0269-2813, 04/2016, Volume 43, Issue 8, pp. 863 - 883
Summary Background Azathioprine and mercaptopurine have a pivotal role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, because of their complex... 
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - drug therapy | Azathioprine - therapeutic use | Pharmacogenetics | Thionucleotides - metabolism | Thioinosine - metabolism | Mercaptopurine - therapeutic use | Humans | Methyltransferases - metabolism | Thioinosine - analogs & derivatives | Mercaptopurine - analogs & derivatives | Oxidases | Purines | Metabolites | Molybdenum compounds | Glutathione transferase | Gastrointestinal diseases | Physiological aspects | Nucleosides | Nucleotides | Mercaptopurine
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7. Full Text Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Febuxostat
by Kamel, Bishoy and Graham, Garry G and Williams, Kenneth M and Pile, Kevin D and Day, Richard O
Clinical Pharmacokinetics, ISSN 0312-5963, 5/2017, Volume 56, Issue 5, pp. 459 - 475
Febuxostat is a xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor that has been developed to treat chronic gout. In healthy subjects, the pharmacokinetic parameters of... 
Pharmacotherapy | Internal Medicine | Medicine & Public Health | Pharmacology/Toxicology | ALLOPURINOL | PARALLEL BETWEEN-GROUP | XANTHINE-OXIDASE | SERUM URATE | PURINE-SELECTIVE INHIBITOR | SAFETY | CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE | DOUBLE-BLIND | GOUT PATIENTS | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | OPEN-LABEL | Gout Suppressants - therapeutic use | Animals | Febuxostat - therapeutic use | Febuxostat - pharmacokinetics | Humans | Gout - drug therapy | Gout Suppressants - pharmacokinetics | Half-Life | Uric Acid - blood | Gout - blood | Care and treatment | Pharmacology | Management | Pharmacokinetics | Gout | Plasma | Metabolites | Rheumatism | Arthritis | Uric acid | Metabolism | Drug dosages | Index Medicus
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8. Full Text Adjuvant Host-Directed Therapy with Types 3 and 5 but Not Type 4 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Shortens the Duration of Tuberculosis Treatment
by Mamoudou Maiga and Nicole C. Ammerman and Mariama C. Maiga and Anatole Tounkara and Sophia Siddiqui and Michael Polis and Robert Murphy and William R. Bishai
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0022-1899, 8/2013, Volume 208, Issue 3, pp. 512 - 519
Background. Shortening tuberculosis treatment could significantly improve patient adherence and decrease the development of drug resistance. Phosphodiesterase... 
BACTERIA | mouse model | phosphodiesterase inhibitor | tuberculosis | cilostazol | rolipram | sildenafil | cilomilast | INFECTIOUS DISEASES | ACTIVATION | SINGLE | RIFAMPIN | MICROBIOLOGY | MODEL | IMMUNOLOGY | CHEMOTHERAPY | PHARMACOKINETICS | DISEASE | PYRAZINAMIDE | Piperazines - administration & dosage | Rifampin - pharmacokinetics | Humans | Purines - administration & dosage | Rolipram - administration & dosage | Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects | Sildenafil Citrate | Drug Interactions | Tetrazoles - administration & dosage | Tuberculosis - drug therapy | Piperazines - pharmacokinetics | Rifampin - administration & dosage | Disease Models, Animal | Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics | Purines - pharmacokinetics | Treatment Outcome | Bacterial Load | Sulfones - pharmacokinetics | Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors - administration & dosage | Animals | Antitubercular Agents - pharmacokinetics | Rolipram - pharmacokinetics | Survival Analysis | Antitubercular Agents - administration & dosage | Mice | Mice, Inbred BALB C | Tetrazoles - pharmacokinetics | Sulfones - administration & dosage | Care and treatment | Tuberculosis | Enzyme inhibitors | Research | Phosphodiesterases | Major and Brief Reports
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9. Full Text Clinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile of Idelalisib
by Ramanathan, Srinivasan and Jin, Feng and Sharma, Shringi and Kearney, Brian P
Clinical Pharmacokinetics, ISSN 0312-5963, 1/2016, Volume 55, Issue 1, pp. 33 - 45
Idelalisib is a potent and selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-δ inhibitor, which is a first-in-class agent to be approved for the treatment of relapsed... 
Pharmacotherapy | Internal Medicine | Medicine & Public Health | Pharmacology/Toxicology | P110-DELTA | CYTOCHROME-P450 | PI3K | DRUG-INTERACTIONS | PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE | PROTEIN-KINASE | B-CELL MALIGNANCIES | CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA | RECEPTOR | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | PI3K-DELTA INHIBITION | Administration, Oral | Humans | Purines - pharmacokinetics | Quinazolinones - administration & dosage | Antineoplastic Agents - administration & dosage | Purines - administration & dosage | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Drug Interactions | Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell - metabolism | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin - metabolism | Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacokinetics | Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell - drug therapy | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin - drug therapy | Quinazolinones - pharmacokinetics | Pharmacokinetics | Analysis | Pharmacology | Index Medicus
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10. Full Text Pharmacokinetics of linagliptin in subjects with hepatic impairment
by Graefe‐Mody, Ulrike and Rose, Peter and Retlich, Silke and Ring, Arne and Waldhauser, Lisa and Cinca, Rodica and Woerle, Hans‐Juergen
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, ISSN 0306-5251, 07/2012, Volume 74, Issue 1, pp. 75 - 85
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Linagliptin is an oral, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor that was approved in the United... 
hepatic impairment | type 2 diabetes mellitus | DPP‐4 inhibitor | linagliptin | Linagliptin | Hepatic impairment | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | DPP-4 inhibitor | TARGET | DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 INHIBITOR | SATURABLE BINDING | HUMANS | RATS | PHARMACODYNAMICS | LIVER | DRUG DISPOSITION | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | BI 1356 | Severity of Illness Index | Humans | Middle Aged | Purines - pharmacokinetics | Quinazolines - pharmacokinetics | Male | Purines - administration & dosage | Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors - administration & dosage | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics | Adult | Female | Quinazolines - administration & dosage | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy | Liver Diseases - metabolism | Pharmacokinetics
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