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1. Full Text Prevalence of refractive error in Europe: the European Eye Epidemiology (E³) Consortium
by Katie M. Williams and Virginie J. M. Verhoeven and Phillippa Cumberland and Geir Bertelsen and Christian Wolfram and Gabriëlle H. S. Buitendijk and Albert Hofman and Cornelia M. van Duijn and Johannes R. Vingerling and Robert W. A. M. Kuijpers and René Höhn and Alireza Mirshahi and Anthony P. Khawaja and Robert N. Luben and Maja Gran Erke and Therese von Hanno and Omar Mahroo and Ruth Hogg and Christian Gieger and Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire and Eleftherios Anastasopoulos and Alain Bron and Jean-François Dartigues and Jean-François Korobelnik and Catherine Creuzot-Garcher and Fotis Topouzis and Cécile Delcourt and Jugnoo Rahi and Thomas Meitinger and Astrid Fletcher and Paul J. Foster and Norbert Pfeiffer and Caroline C. W. Klaver and Christopher J. Hammond
European Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0393-2990, 1/2015, Volume 30, Issue 4, pp. 305 - 315
To estimate the prevalence of refractive error in adults across Europe. Refractive data (mean spherical equivalent) collected between 1990 and 2013 from... 
OPHTHALMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY | Public Health | Prevalence | Medicine & Public Health | Refractive error | Myopia | Consortium | Infectious Diseases | Oncology | Cardiology | Epidemiology | UNITED-STATES | POPULATION | AUSTRALIA | RISK-FACTORS | VISION LOSS | VISUAL IMPAIRMENT | ADULTS | BEAVER DAM EYE | BLUE MOUNTAINS EYE | PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | Eye surgery | Eyes & eyesight | Meta-analysis | Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data | Urban Population - statistics & numerical data | Age Distribution | Cross-Sectional Studies | Refractive Errors - diagnosis | Humans | Middle Aged | Risk Factors | Europe - epidemiology | European Continental Ancestry Group | Male | Refractive Errors - epidemiology | Adolescent | Sex Distribution | Adult | Female | Aged | Odds Ratio | Analysis | Resveratrol | Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) | Index Medicus | Life Sciences
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2. Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
and European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons and ASCRS and American Intra-Ocular Implant SocietyAmerican Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, ISSN 0886-3350, 1986
Eye | Periodicals | Cataract | Treatment | Refractive errors | Surgery
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3. Journal of refractive surgery
and International Society of Refractive Surgery and European Refractive Surgery SocietySLACK
Journal of refractive surgery, ISSN 1081-597X, 1995
Eye | Accommodation and refraction
Journal
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4. Full Text Refractive Errors in an Elderly Japanese Population. The Tajimi Study
by Sawada, Akira and Tomidokoro, Atsuo and Araie, Makoto and Iwase, Aiko and Yamamoto, Tetsuya and Tajimi Study Grp and Tajimi Study Group
Ophthalmology, ISSN 0161-6420, 2008, Volume 115, Issue 2, pp. 363 - e3
Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors associated with age, gender, and central corneal thickness and to evaluate astigmatism in the... 
OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA | BLUE MOUNTAINS EYE | URBAN-POPULATION | AGE-RELATED MACULOPATHY | RISK-FACTORS | ANDHRA-PRADESH | VISUAL IMPAIRMENT | OPHTHALMOLOGY | RULE ASTIGMATISM | SCHOOL-CHILDREN | BEAVER DAM EYE | Japan - epidemiology | Age Distribution | Prevalence | Cross-Sectional Studies | Intraocular Pressure | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Random Allocation | Refractive Errors - epidemiology | Visual Acuity | Health Surveys | Visual Fields | Aged, 80 and over | Sex Distribution | Adult | Female | Aged | Astigmatism - epidemiology | Index Medicus
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5. Full Text Development of Refractive Errors—What Can We Learn From Inherited Retinal Dystrophies?
by Hendriks, Michelle and Verhoeven, Virginie J.M and Buitendijk, Gabriëlle H.S and Polling, Jan Roelof and Meester-Smoor, Magda A and Meester-Smoor, Magda and Hofman, Albert and van Huet, Ramon A and Klevering, B. Jeroen and Bax, Nathalie M and Lambertus, Stanley and Klaver, Caroline C.W and Hoyng, Carel B and Oomen, Clasien J and van Zelst-Stams, Wendy A and Cremers, Frans P and Plomp, Astrid S and van Schooneveld, Mary J and van Genderen, Mies M and Schuil, José and Boonstra, F. Nienke and Schlingemann, Reinier O and Bergen, Arthur A and Pierrache, Laurence and van den Born, L. Ingeborgh and Boon, Camiel J and Pott, Jan W.R and van Leeuwen, Redmer and Kroes, Hester Y and de Jong-Hesse, Yvonne and Kamermans, Maarten and Ingeborgh van den Born, L and RD500 Consortium and RD5000 Consortium
American Journal of Ophthalmology, ISSN 0002-9394, 10/2017, Volume 182, pp. 81 - 89
PURPOSE: It is unknown which retinal cells are involved in the retina-to-sclera signaling cascade causing myopia. As inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) are... 
BIPOLAR CELLS | FUNDUS-ALBIPUNCTATUS | GENE | MYOPIA | SUSCEPTIBILITY | MACULAR DYSTROPHY | OPHTHALMOLOGY | MUTATIONS | CONE | RETINITIS-PIGMENTOSA | STATIONARY NIGHT BLINDNESS | Retinal Bipolar Cells - pathology | Humans | Middle Aged | Eye Diseases, Hereditary - diagnosis | Male | Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment - pathology | Synapses - pathology | Case-Control Studies | DNA Mutational Analysis | Myopia - diagnosis | Adult | Female | Eye Proteins - genetics | Hyperopia - etiology | Eye Diseases, Hereditary - complications | Risk Factors | Hyperopia - diagnosis | Mutation - genetics | Myopia - etiology | Eye Diseases, Hereditary - genetics | Retinal Dystrophies - diagnosis | Calcium Channels, L-Type - genetics | Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Inner Segment - pathology | Retinal Dystrophies - complications | Retinal Dystrophies - genetics | Calcium-Binding Proteins - genetics | Eye | Genetic aspects | Refractive errors | Consortia | Case studies | Congenital diseases | Disease | Cellular biology | Genes | Photoreceptors | Retina | Physiology | Mutation | Ophthalmology | Index Medicus | Abridged Index Medicus
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6. Full Text Epidemiology of refractive errors
by Wolfram, C
OPHTHALMOLOGE, ISSN 0941-293X, 07/2017, Volume 114, Issue 7, pp. 673 - 680
Refractive errors are very common and can lead to severe pathological changes in the eye. This article analyzes the epidemiology of refractive errors in the... 
POPULATION | RISK-FACTORS | Choroidal neovascularization | GUTENBERG-HEALTH | Myopia | VISUAL IMPAIRMENT | PATHOLOGICAL MYOPIA | PREVALENCE | Epidemiology | BLINDNESS | LACQUER CRACKS | OPHTHALMOLOGY | Hyperopia | Germany | CATARACT | User-Computer Interface | Age Factors | Refractive Errors - prevention & control | Humans | Middle Aged | Child, Preschool | Infant | Male | Social Environment | Young Adult | Aged, 80 and over | Adult | Female | Child | Infant, Newborn | Genetic Predisposition to Disease | Cross-Sectional Studies | Refractive Errors - diagnosis | Risk Factors | Refractive Errors - epidemiology | Refractive Errors - etiology | Reading | Adolescent | Aged | Index Medicus
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7. Full Text Prevalence of refractive errors in the European adult population: the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS)
by Wolfram, Christian and Höhn, René and Kottler, Ulrike and Wild, Philipp and Blettner, Maria and Bühren, Jens and Pfeiffer, Norbert and Mirshahi, Alireza
British Journal of Ophthalmology, ISSN 0007-1161, 07/2014, Volume 98, Issue 7, pp. 857 - 861
Objective To study the distribution of refractive errors among adults of European descent. Design Population-based eye study in Germany with15 010 participants... 
BRITISH ADULTS | AXIAL LENGTH | RISK-FACTORS | MYOPIA | VISUAL IMPAIRMENT | OPHTHALMOLOGY | SINGAPORE | EPIC-NORFOLK EYE | BEAVER DAM EYE | Age Distribution | Prevalence | Prospective Studies | Humans | Middle Aged | European Continental Ancestry Group | Male | Refractive Errors - epidemiology | Retinoscopy | Visual Acuity | Vision Tests | Germany - epidemiology | Health Surveys | Sex Distribution | Adult | Female | Aged | Eye | Refractive errors | Research | Demographic aspects | Distribution | Studies | Cataracts | Mens health | Hypotheses | Womens health | Surgery | Population | Gender differences | Epidemiology | Metabolic disorders | Age | Astigmatism | Index Medicus
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8. Full Text Prevalence of refractive errors, uncorrected refractive error, and presbyopia in adults in India: A systematic review
by Sheeladevi, S and Seelam, B and Nukella, PB and Borah, RR and Ali, R and Keay, L
INDIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, ISSN 0301-4738, 05/2019, Volume 67, Issue 5, pp. 583 - 583
Purpose: The objective of this review is to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors, uncorrected refractive error (URE), and uncorrected presbyopia in... 
GLOBAL BURDEN | SPECTACLE COVERAGE | URBAN-POPULATION | ANDHRA-PRADESH | MODERATE VISUAL IMPAIRMENT | SOUTH-INDIA | presbyopia | VISION IMPAIRMENT | myopia | visual impairment | POPULATION-BASED ASSESSMENT | RAPID ASSESSMENT | OPHTHALMOLOGY | Hyperopia | refractive errors | RURAL-POPULATION | Keywords | Systematic review | Gender | Epidemiology | Estimates | Acuity | India | Studies | Visual impairment | Population | Public health | Methods | Age groups | Astigmatism | Eye | Analysis | Presbyopia | Adults | Research | Refractive errors | Health aspects | Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)
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9. Full Text Global magnitude of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors in 2004
by Resnikoff, Serge and Pascolini, Donatella and Mariotti, Silvio P and Pokharel, Gopal P
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, ISSN 0042-9686, 01/2008, Volume 86, Issue 1, pp. 63 - 70
Estimates of the prevalence of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors in 2004 have been determined at regional and global levels for people... 
POPULATION | PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | PREVALENCE | BLINDNESS | CHILDREN | Vision Screening | Public Health | Prevalence | Refractive Errors | Risk Assessment | Humans | Middle Aged | Child, Preschool | Male | Vision, Low | Visual Acuity | Adolescent | Blindness | World Health | Adult | Female | Causality | Health Policy | Child | Global Health | Refractive Errors - complications | Blindness - epidemiology | Refractive Errors - epidemiology | Vision, Low - etiology | Vision, Low - epidemiology | Blindness - etiology | Visual Acuity - physiology | Index Medicus
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10. Full Text Refractive Errors in a Rural Chinese Adult Population. The Handan Eye Study
by Liang, Yuan Bo and Wong, Tien Yin and Sun, Lan Ping and Tao, Qiu Shan and Wang, Jie Jin and Yang, Xiao Hui and Xiong, Ying and Wang, Ning Li and Friedman, David S
Ophthalmology, ISSN 0161-6420, 11/2009, Volume 116, Issue 11, pp. 2119 - 2127
Purpose: To describe the prevalence of and risk factors for myopia and other refractive errors in a rural, adult, Chinese population. Design: Population-based,... 
UNITED-STATES | BLUE MOUNTAINS EYE | OLDER POPULATION | RISK-FACTORS | VISUAL IMPAIRMENT | LOW-VISION | OPHTHALMOLOGY | SINGAPORE | PREVALENCE | CATARACT-SURGERY | BEAVER DAM EYE | Rural Population - statistics & numerical data | Age Distribution | Prevalence | Cross-Sectional Studies | Humans | Middle Aged | Risk Factors | Male | China - epidemiology | Refractive Errors - epidemiology | Aged, 80 and over | Sex Distribution | Adult | Female | Aged | Asian Continental Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data | Index Medicus
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11. Foveal vision power errors induced by spectacle lenses designed to correct peripheral refractive errors
by Barbero, Sergio and Faria-Ribeiro, Miguel
Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, ISSN 0275-5408, 05/2018, Volume 38, Issue 3, pp. 317 - 325
PurposeRadial Refractive Gradient (RRG) spectacles are lenses specifically designed to minimize peripheral hyperopic defocus typically found in conventional... 
Radial Refractive Gradient (RRG) spectacles | spectacles lens design | spectacles power errors | UNCONSTRAINED OBJECT | EYE | DEFOCUS | IMAGING DESIGN | OPHTHALMOLOGY | HIGH MYOPIA | SINGLE-VISION | PROGRESSION | CHILDREN | Design | Radial Refractive Gradient ( RRG ) spectacles | Vision | Retina | Eye lens
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12. Full Text Confocal Raman microscopy: common errors and artefacts
by Everall, Neil J
Analyst, ISSN 0003-2654, 9/2010, Volume 135, Issue 1, pp. 2512 - 2522
Confocal Raman microscopy is a powerful tool for research and analysis in the chemical, materials and life sciences, particularly for non-destructive depth... 
CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL | DYE DIFFUSION | SPECTROSCOPY | IMMERSION OBJECTIVES | ADAPTIVE OPTICS | SUPERCRITICAL CO2 | REFRACTIVE-INDEX | MICROSPECTROSCOPY | POLYMER-FILMS | DEPTH RESOLUTION | PLANAR INTERFACE | Microscopy | Communities | Nondestructive testing | UK | Artefacts | Spectra | Confocal | Optimization
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13. Full Text Prevalence of refractive errors in a multiethnic Asian population: The singapore epidemiology of eye disease study
by Pan, Chen-Wei and Zheng, Ying-Feng and Anuar, Ainur Rahman and Chew, Merwyn and Gazzard, Gus and Aung, Tin and Cheng, Ching-Yu and Wong, Tien Y and Saw, Seang-Mei
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, ISSN 0146-0404, 2013, Volume 54, Issue 4, pp. 2590 - 2598
PURPOSE. To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in a multiethnic Asian population aged over 40 years and to examine secular trends and racial... 
Axial length | Epidemiology | Race | Refractive error | UNITED-STATES | RISK-FACTORS | race | TAIWAN | VISUAL IMPAIRMENT | axial length | CHILDREN | epidemiology | ADULT CHINESE | MYOPIA | MALAY-EYE | JAPANESE POPULATION | OPHTHALMOLOGY | OCULAR BIOMETRY | refractive error | Refraction, Ocular | Age Distribution | Prevalence | Refractive Errors - diagnosis | Humans | Middle Aged | Refractive Errors - physiopathology | Risk Factors | Male | Asian Continental Ancestry Group | Singapore - epidemiology | Aged, 80 and over | Sex Distribution | Adult | Female | Aged | Retrospective Studies | Population Surveillance | Interferometry | Refractive Errors - ethnology | Index Medicus
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14. Full Text A genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus for refractive errors and myopia at 15q14
by Solouki, Abbas M and Verhoeven, Virginie J. M and van Duijn, Cornelia M and Verkerk, Annemieke J. M. H and Ikram, M. Kamran and Hysi, Pirro G and Despriet, Dominiek D. G and van Koolwijk, Leonieke M and Ho, Lintje and Ramdas, Wishal D and Czudowska, Monika and Kuijpers, Robert W. A. M and Amin, Najaf and Struchalin, Maksim and Aulchenko, Yurii S and van Rij, Gabriel and Riemslag, Frans C. C and Young, Terri L and Mackey, David A and Spector, Timothy D and Gorgels, Theo G. M. F and Willemse-Assink, Jacqueline J. M and Isaacs, Aaron and Kramer, Rogier and Swagemakers, Sigrid M. A and Bergen, Arthur A. B and van Oosterhout, Andy A. L. J and Oostra, Ben A and Rivadeneira, Fernando and Uitterlinden, Ané G and Hofman, Albert and de Jong, Paulus T. V. M and Hammond, Christopher J and Vingerling, Johannes R and Klaver, Caroline C. W
Nature genetics, ISSN 1061-4036, 2010, Volume 42, Issue 10, pp. 897 - +
Refractive errors are the most common ocular disorders worldwide and may lead to blindness. Although this trait is highly heritable, identification of... 
UNITED-STATES | EYE | PATHOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS | DISRUPTION | CONNEXIN36 | GROWTH | GENETICS & HEREDITY | GENE-EXPRESSION | MICROPHTHALMIA | MICE | PREVALENCE | Genomics | Humans | Middle Aged | Myopia | Retina | Male | Case-Control Studies | Genetic Variation | Young Adult | Genetics | Adult | Female | Medical research | Genetic Predisposition to Disease | Genome-Wide Association Study | Actins | Genotype | Regression analysis | Studies | Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 | Adolescent | Data collection | connexin 36 | Aged | Connexins | ACTC1 protein, human | Genome, Human | Transcription | Gene frequency | Susceptibility | Blindness | Data processing | Replication | Population studies | Regulatory sequences | chromosome 15 | Connexins - genetics | Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 - genetics | Actins - genetics | Myopia - genetics | Genetic Variation - genetics | Eye | Complications and side effects | Genetic susceptibility | Genetic aspects | Research | Single nucleotide polymorphisms | Refractive errors | Risk factors | Index Medicus
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15. Full Text Prevalence of refractive errors in Colombia: MIOPUR study
by Galvis, Virgilio and Tello, Alejandro and Otero, Johana and Serrano, Andres A and Gómez, Luz María and Camacho, Paul A and López-Jaramillo, José Patricio
British Journal of Ophthalmology, ISSN 0007-1161, 10/2018, Volume 102, Issue 10, pp. 1320 - 1323
PurposeTo determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Colombia and its relations with demographic and socioeconomic variables.MethodsA cross-sectional... 
Optics and refraction | Epidemiology | Child health (paediatrics) | Public health | ATROPINE | EDUCATION | TRENDS | CHILDREN | EYE | epidemiology | MYOPIA | ADOLESCENTS | OPHTHALMOLOGY | optics and refraction | child health (paediatrics) | public health | PROGRESSION | AGE | OUTDOORS | Refraction, Ocular | Age Distribution | Colombia - epidemiology | Prevalence | Cross-Sectional Studies | Humans | Middle Aged | Refractive Errors - physiopathology | Risk Factors | Male | Refractive Errors - epidemiology | Urban Population | Visual Acuity | Young Adult | Rural Population | Adolescent | Sex Distribution | Adult | Female | Retrospective Studies | Child | Studies | Rural areas | Urban areas | Education | Myopia | Systematic review | Outdoors | Trends | Multivariate analysis | Age | Meta-analysis | Astigmatism | Index Medicus
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