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1. Full Text Dialysate sodium concentration: The forgotten salt shaker
by Hanafusa, Norio and Tsuchiya, Ken and Nitta, Kosaku
Seminars in Dialysis, ISSN 0894-0959, 11/2018, Volume 31, Issue 6, pp. 563 - 568
The concentration of sodium in dialysis fluid, a major determinant of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure, plays a major role in the sodium balance... 
MORTALITY | INTRADIALYTIC HYPERTENSION | VOLUME | SERUM SODIUM | DRY-WEIGHT | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | INTERDIALYTIC WEIGHT-GAIN | BLOOD-PRESSURE CONTROL | CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE | MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS | PRACTICE PATTERNS
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2. Full Text Reliability of delivered dialysate sodium concentration
by Ekbal, Nasirul J and Consalus, Anne and Persaud, Jahm and Davenport, Andrew
Hemodialysis International, ISSN 1492-7535, 10/2016, Volume 20, Issue S1, pp. S2 - S6
Background The results of studies investigating the effects of hyponatraemic dialysates have been mixed, with some reporting positive effects including... 
renal replacement therapy | Dialysis | acute kidney injury | complications | PLASMA | HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS | SERUM SODIUM | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | BLOOD-PRESSURE CONTROL | POTASSIUM | LEVEL | WEIGHT GAINS | Machinery | Magneto-electric machines | Electric properties
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3. Full Text Dietary salt influences postprandial plasma sodium concentration and systolic blood pressure
by Suckling, Rebecca J and He, Feng J and Markandu, Nirmala D and MacGregor, Graham A
Kidney International, ISSN 0085-2538, 02/2012, Volume 81, Issue 4, pp. 407 - 411
The plasma sodium concentration has a direct effect on blood pressure in addition to its effects on extracellular volume regulated through changes in the... 
plasma sodium | blood pressure | dietary salt | CELLS | SERUM SODIUM | HUMANS | SENSITIVITY | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION | CHLORIDE | Humans | Linear Models | Male | Random Allocation | Systole | Sodium - blood | Cross-Over Studies | Osmolar Concentration | Postprandial Period | Adult | Female | Sodium, Dietary - administration & dosage | Blood Pressure - drug effects | Chlorides - blood | Sodium, Dietary - blood
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4. Full Text High versus low dialysate sodium concentration in chronic haemodialysis patients: A systematic review of 23 studies
by Basile, Carlo and Pisano, Anna and Lisi, Piero and Rossi, Luigi and Lomonte, Carlo and Bolignano, Davide
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, ISSN 0931-0509, 04/2016, Volume 31, Issue 4, pp. 548 - 563
It is the object of debate whether a low or high dialysate sodium concentration (DNa+) should be advocated in chronic haemodialysis patients. In this paper, we... 
dialysate sodium concentration | haemodialysis | mortality | blood pressure | intradialytic complications | interdialytic weight gain | VOLUME | INTERDIALYTIC WEIGHT-GAIN | BALANCE | TRANSPLANTATION | REMOVAL | REDUCTION | SERUM SODIUM | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | BLOOD-PRESSURE CONTROL | OUTCOMES | STANDARD | Blood Pressure | Dialysis Solutions - metabolism | Outcome Assessment (Health Care) | Humans | Diet, Sodium-Restricted | Hospitalization | Weight Gain | Chronic Disease | Sodium - blood | Renal Dialysis
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5. Full Text Relationship between admission serum sodium concentration and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure: an analysis from the OPTIMIZE-HF registry
by Gheorghiade, Mihai and Abraham, William T and Albert, Nancy M and Gattis Stough, Wendy and Greenberg, Barry H and O'Connor, Christopher M and She, Lilin and Yancy, Clyde W and Young, James and Fonarow, Gregg C and OPTIMIZE-HF Investigators and Coordinators and on behalf of the OPTIMIZE-HF Investigators and Coordinators
European Heart Journal, ISSN 0195-668X, 04/2007, Volume 28, Issue 8, pp. 980 - 988
Aims Hyponatraemia has been shown to be an independent predictor of mortality in selected patients with heart failure enrolled in clinical trials. The... 
Heart failure | Hospitalization | Registry | Risk factors | Serum sodium | MORTALITY | heart failure | registry | CONTROLLED-TRIAL | risk factors | DESIGN | CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS | ANTAGONIST | hospitalization | EFFICACY | RATIONALE | TOLVAPTAN | serum sodium | HYPONATREMIA | DOUBLE-BLIND | BLOCKADE | Heart Failure - complications | Humans | Middle Aged | Risk Factors | Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - complications | Male | Treatment Outcome | Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - mortality | Sodium - blood | Heart Failure - drug therapy | Hyponatremia - mortality | Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - drug therapy | Adult | Diuretics - therapeutic use | Female | Registries | Aged | Chronic Disease | Adrenergic beta-Antagonists - therapeutic use | Heart Failure - mortality | Hyponatremia - complications
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6. Full Text Individuality of the plasma sodium concentration
by Zhang, Zheng and Duckart, Jonathan and Slatore, Christopher G and Fu, Yi and Petrik, Amanda F and Thorp, Micah L and Cohen, David M
American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology, ISSN 0363-6127, 06/2014, Volume 306, Issue 12, pp. F1534 - F1543
Older literature has suggested that the plasma sodium concentration is not individual, that it is neither intrinsic to an individual nor reproducible,... 
Human | Osmoregulation | Population | Hyponatremia | LONG-TERM | osmoregulation | WATER-DEPRIVATION | PHYSIOLOGY | ANALYTIC COMPONENTS | INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURESIS | population | DAY-TO-DAY | INDUCED HYPONATREMIA | hyponatremia | SERUM CONSTITUENTS | INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIATION | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | RECEPTOR GENE | NEPHROGENIC DIABETES-INSIPIDUS | human | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Reference Values | Sodium - blood | Aging - blood | Creatinine - blood | Individuality | Adult | Female | Aged | Blood Glucose - metabolism | Longitudinal Studies | Cohort Studies | Glucose metabolism | Medical research | Blood sugar | Sodium in the body | Medicine, Experimental | Research | Health aspects
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7. Full Text Altering plasma sodium concentration rapidly changes blood pressure during haemodialysis
by Suckling, Rebecca J and Swift, Pauline A and He, Feng J and Markandu, Nirmala D and MacGregor, Graham A
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, ISSN 0931-0509, 08/2013, Volume 28, Issue 8, pp. 2181 - 2186
Background. Plasma sodium is increased following each meal containing salt. There is an increasing interest in the effects of plasma sodium concentration, and... 
Plasma sodium | Dietary salt | Blood pressure | SYSTEM | blood pressure | KINETICS | plasma sodium | SERUM SODIUM | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | dietary salt | HYPERTENSION | DIALYSATE SODIUM | BALANCE | TRANSPLANTATION | Single-Blind Method | Sodium - pharmacology | Glomerular Filtration Rate | Prognosis | Prospective Studies | Follow-Up Studies | Dialysis Solutions - chemistry | Humans | Middle Aged | Risk Factors | Male | Survival Rate | Sodium - blood | Kidney Function Tests | Cross-Over Studies | Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy | Female | Blood Pressure - drug effects | Renal Dialysis
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8. Full Text Why does the choice of dialysate sodium concentration remain controversial?
by Tangvoraphonkchai, Kamonwan and Davenport, Andrew
Hemodialysis International, ISSN 1492-7535, 10/2018, Volume 22, Issue 4, pp. 435 - 444
The choice of the ideal dialysate sodium concentration remains controversial. Most dialysis centers have a standard dialysate concentration. In theory,... 
sodium | blood pressure | interdialytic weight gain | Dialysate | KIDNEY-DISEASE | CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS | QUALITY IMPROVEMENT | INTERDIALYTIC WEIGHT-GAIN | SALT RESTRICTION | MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS | SERUM SODIUM | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | BLOOD-PRESSURE CONTROL | PRACTICE PATTERNS | RANDOMIZED CROSSOVER | Dialysis Solutions - therapeutic use | Humans | Middle Aged | Renal Dialysis - methods | Female | Male | Weight Gain - drug effects | Blood Pressure - drug effects | Sodium - metabolism | Dialysis Solutions - pharmacology | Hypertension | Medicine, Experimental | Medical research
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9. Full Text Effect of Low Versus High Dialysate Sodium Concentration on Blood Pressure and Endothelial-Derived Vasoregulators During Hemodialysis: A Randomized Crossover Study
by Inrig, Jula K., MD, MHS and Molina, Christopher, BS and D’Silva, Kristin, BS and Kim, Catherine, MD and Van Buren, Peter, MD and Allen, Jason D., PhD and Toto, Robert, MD
American Journal of Kidney Diseases, ISSN 0272-6386, 2015, Volume 65, Issue 3, pp. 464 - 473
Background Intradialytic hypertension affects ∼15% of hemodialysis patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. While intradialytic... 
Nephrology | sodium gradient | endothelium | endothelin 1 | Mechanisms and Treatment of Intradialytic Hypertension–Sodium (MATCH-NA) Study | nitric oxide | serum sodium concentration | vasoregulation | Intradialytic hypertension | dialysate sodium concentration | nitrite | end-stage renal disease (ESRD) | blood pressure (BP) | hemodialysis | Mechanisms and Treatment of Intradialytic Hypertension-Sodium (MATCH-NA) Study | INTERDIALYTIC WEIGHT-GAIN | PRESCRIPTION | REDUCTION | NITRIC-OXIDE | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | Single-Blind Method | Sodium - administration & dosage | Prospective Studies | Sodium - adverse effects | Dialysis Solutions - adverse effects | Humans | Middle Aged | Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects | Male | Treatment Outcome | Endothelin-1 - blood | Cross-Over Studies | Hypertension - blood | Dialysis Solutions - administration & dosage | Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism | Hypertension - chemically induced | Nitrites - blood | Renal Dialysis - adverse effects | Hypertension - prevention & control | Female | Aged | Blood Pressure - drug effects | Blood Pressure - physiology
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10. Full Text Serum sodium concentration and the progression of established chronic kidney disease
by Cole, Nicholas I and Cole, Nicholas I and Suckling, Rebecca J and Suckling, Rebecca J and Desilva, Vipula and Desilva, Vipula and He, Feng J and He, Feng J and MacGregor, Graham A and MacGregor, Graham A and Swift, Pauline A and Swift, Pauline A
Journal of Nephrology, ISSN 1121-8428, 4/2019, Volume 32, Issue 2, pp. 259 - 264
Higher serum sodium concentration has been reported to be a risk factor for the development of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its relationship with... 
Nephrology | Medicine & Public Health | CKD progression | eGFR decline | Urology | Serum sodium | Serum potassium | MORTALITY | PLASMA SODIUM | BLOOD-PRESSURE | DECLINE | ARGININE-VASOPRESSIN | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | COPEPTIN | SURROGATE MARKER | ASSOCIATION | Original
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11. Full Text Serum sodium concentration, blood urea nitrogen, and outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure
by Kajimoto, Katsuya and Minami, Yuichiro and Sato, Naoki and Takano, Teruo and Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Investigators of the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Syndromes (ATTEND) registry
International Journal of Cardiology, ISSN 0167-5273, 2016, Volume 222, pp. 195 - 201
Abstract Background This study investigated the association of a low serum sodium and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) with outcomes in acute decompensated... 
Cardiovascular | Heart failure | Blood urea nitrogen | Outcomes assessment | Serum sodium | MORTALITY | CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS | MARKER | RENAL-FUNCTION | INTRAVENOUS MILRINONE | PROSPECTIVE TRIAL | ADMISSION | HYPONATREMIA | BODY-MASS INDEX | OPTIME-CHF | REGISTRY | Japan - epidemiology | Risk Assessment - methods | Blood Urea Nitrogen | Humans | Middle Aged | Risk Factors | Male | Statistics as Topic | Heart Failure - blood | Sodium - blood | Heart Failure - therapy | Registries - statistics & numerical data | Patient Discharge - statistics & numerical data | Survival Analysis | Creatinine - blood | Female | Aged | Heart Failure - diagnosis | Heart Failure - mortality | Urea | Patient outcomes | Mortality | Analysis | Risk factors
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12. Full Text Early Relowering of Serum Sodium Concentration Overcomes Disturbances in Consciousness during Hyponatremia Overcorrection and Prevents Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome
by Ochiai, Hiroshi and Uenishi, Eita
Internal Medicine, ISSN 0918-2918, 2018, Volume 57, Issue 16, pp. 2353 - 2357
A 79-year-old woman without any cerebral hernia symptoms was hospitalized with hyponatremia. After syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone induced by... 
rat model | syndrome of inappropriate ADH | osmotic demyelination syndrome | hyponatremia | relowering of serum sodium concentration | Syndrome of inappropriate ADH | Rat model | Hyponatremia | Relowering of serum sodium concentration | Osmotic demyelination syndrome | MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | RATS | MYELINOLYSIS | RISK | Coma | Hernia | Urine | Desmopressin | Signs and symptoms | Animal models | Sodium | Consciousness | Demyelination | Antidiuretics | Case Report
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13. Full Text Influence of preoperative sodium concentration on outcome of patients with hepatitis B virus cirrhosis after liver transplantation
by Wang, Peijie and Huang, Gang and Tam, Ngalei and Wu, Chenglin and Fu, Shunjun and Hughes, Bridget P and Wu, Linwei and He, Xiaoshun
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, ISSN 0954-691X, 10/2016, Volume 28, Issue 10, pp. 1210 - 1215
OBJECTIVESWhether preoperative serum sodium concentration could influence post-transplant patientsʼ prognosis remains controversial. The aim of this study was... 
model for end-stage liver disease | liver transplantation | serum sodium concentration | MORTALITY | SURVIVAL | RISK-FACTORS | ASCITES | WAITING-LIST | PREDICTION | ENCEPHALOPATHY | MELD | HYPONATREMIA | SERUM SODIUM | GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY | Multivariate Analysis | Liver Transplantation - adverse effects | Humans | Middle Aged | Hypernatremia - complications | Liver Cirrhosis - mortality | Male | Hepatitis B - blood | Hyponatremia - blood | Hyponatremia - mortality | Hepatitis B - complications | Time Factors | China | Hypernatremia - mortality | Adult | Female | Registries | Hypernatremia - blood | Retrospective Studies | Risk Assessment | Risk Factors | Kaplan-Meier Estimate | Proportional Hazards Models | Liver Transplantation - mortality | Treatment Outcome | Liver Cirrhosis - blood | Biomarkers - blood | Chi-Square Distribution | Sodium - blood | Hepatitis B - mortality | Hepatitis B - surgery | Liver Cirrhosis - virology | Liver Cirrhosis - surgery | Hyponatremia - complications
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14. Full Text Sweat sodium concentration during exercise in the heat in aerobically trained and untrained humans
by Hamouti, Nassim and Del Coso, Juan and Ortega, Juan F and Mora-Rodriguez, Ricardo
European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 1439-6319, 11/2011, Volume 111, Issue 11, pp. 2873 - 2881
The purpose of this study was to determine whether sweat sodium concentration ([Na+]sweat) during exercise in the heat differs between aerobically trained and... 
Biomedicine | Human Physiology | Exercise intensity | Sports Medicine | Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine | Sweat sodium secretion | Training status | Sweat sodium reabsorption | Blood serum sodium | Physical Fitness - physiology | Water-Electrolyte Balance - physiology | Body Temperature Regulation - physiology | Hot Temperature - adverse effects | Humans | Male | Sodium - metabolism | Body Temperature - physiology | Sweat - chemistry | Young Adult | Osmolar Concentration | Sodium - analysis | Adolescent | Humidity | Physical Education and Training - methods | Adult | Female | Exercise - physiology | Aerobiosis - physiology | Sweat - metabolism | COLLECTION | SPORT SCIENCES | PHYSIOLOGY | INTENSITY | TEMPERATURE | ACCLIMATION | ALDOSTERONE | DYNAMIC EXERCISE | SKIN | STRESS | REABSORPTION | THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES | Physiological aspects | Exercise | Biological products | Analysis
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15. Full Text ‘Normal’ serum sodium concentration among inpatients over 65 admitted to hospital: an observational study
by McKee, Martin and Exall, Sarah and Stuckler, David and Wolff, Anthony
Postgraduate Medical Journal, ISSN 0032-5473, 01/2016, Volume 92, Issue 1083, pp. 21 - 26
BackgroundThe usual reference range of serum sodium (typically 135–145 mmol/l) is derived from healthy populations but may not apply to hospital... 
Age Distribution | Hospital Mortality | Humans | Middle Aged | Risk Factors | Male | Reference Values | Hospitalization | Biomarkers - blood | Hyponatremia - blood | Inpatients - statistics & numerical data | Sodium - blood | Hyponatremia - mortality | Adult | Female | Aged | Retrospective Studies | Hospital patients | Serum | Health aspects | Analysis | Sodium salts | Studies | Diarrhea | Sodium | Laboratories | Mortality
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