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localization (55) 55
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electric stimulation (52) 52
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auditory (36) 36
neural inhibition - physiology (36) 36
horseradish-peroxidase (35) 35
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1. Full Text Sound-evoked activity influences myelination of brainstem axons in the trapezoid body
by Sinclair, James L and Fischl, Matthew J and Alexandrova, Olga and Heβ, Martin and Grothe, Benedikt and Leibold, Christian and Kopp-Scheinpflug, Conny
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 08/2017, Volume 37, Issue 34, pp. 8239 - 8255
Plasticity of myelination represents a mechanism to tune the flow of information by balancing functional requirements with metabolic and spatial constraints.... 
ABR | Myelination | MNTB | Axonal conduction speed | Calyx of Held | Auditory brainstem | OPTIC-NERVE | auditory brainstem | WHITE-MATTER | calyx of Held | SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION | axonal conduction speed | COCHLEAR NUCLEUS | CELL AXONS | NEUROSCIENCES | HEARING-LOSS | MEDIAL NUCLEUS | myelination | POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT | INTERAURAL TIME DIFFERENCES | AUDITORY-NERVE FIBERS | Male | Axons - physiology | Sound | Trapezoid Body - cytology | Brain Stem - cytology | Brain Stem - physiology | Acoustic Stimulation - methods | Action Potentials - physiology | Animals | Auditory Pathways - physiology | Evoked Potentials, Auditory - physiology | Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - physiology | Trapezoid Body - physiology | Mice, Inbred CBA | Female | Mice | Auditory Pathways - cytology | Organ Culture Techniques
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2. Full Text Some notes on four-body co-circular central configurations
by Deng, Yiyang and Li, Bingyu and Zhang, Shiqing
Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, ISSN 0022-247X, 09/2017, Volume 453, Issue 1, pp. 398 - 409
There are two symmetric families of four-body co-circular central configurations, namely the kite and isosceles trapezoid. Using mutual distances as... 
Isosceles trapezoid | Co-circular central configurations | Four-body problem | Mutual distances | Kite | MATHEMATICS | 4 BODIES | MATHEMATICS, APPLIED | SYMMETRY | FINITENESS | CONVEX CENTRAL CONFIGURATIONS | EQUAL MASSES | Management science
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3. Full Text Recurrent Inhibition to the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body in the Mongolian Gerbil
by Dondzillo, A and Thompson, JA and Klug, A
PLOS ONE, ISSN 1932-6203, 08/2016, Volume 11, Issue 8, p. e0160241
Principal neurons in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) receive strong and temporally precise excitatory input from globular bushy cells in the... 
PRINCIPAL CELLS | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | HELD SYNAPSE | VENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS | BUSHY CELL AXONS | AUDITORY SYNAPSE | SUPERIOR OLIVARY COMPLEX | BRAIN-STEM | GLYCINE RECEPTOR COMPLEX | POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT | AFFERENT-PROJECTIONS | Immunohistochemistry | Lysine - analogs & derivatives | Neurons - pathology | Male | Trapezoid Body - cytology | Patch-Clamp Techniques | Animals | Synapses - metabolism | Gerbillinae | Female | Neurons - metabolism | Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 - metabolism | Lysine - chemistry | Single-Cell Analysis | Trapezoid Body - metabolism | Microscopy, Fluorescence | Physiological aspects | Genetic aspects | Research | Neurons | Synapses | Trapezoid body | Circuits | Biophysics | Cochlear nuclei | Medicine | Studies | Acids | Microscopy | Cochlea | Physiology | Nuclei (cytology) | Inhibition | Localization | Laboratory animals
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4. Full Text GABA is a modulator, rather than a classical transmitter, in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body–lateral superior olive sound localization circuit
by Fischer, Alexander U and Müller, Nicolas I. C and Deller, Thomas and Del Turco, Domenico and Fisch, Jonas O and Griesemer, Désirée and Kattler, Kathrin and Maraslioglu, Ayse and Roemer, Vera and Xu‐Friedman, Matthew A and Walter, Jörn and Friauf, Eckhard
The Journal of Physiology, ISSN 0022-3751, 04/2019, Volume 597, Issue 8, pp. 2269 - 2295
Key points The lateral superior olive (LSO), a brainstem hub involved in sound localization, integrates excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the ipsilateral... 
extrasynaptic signaling | modulatory function of GABA | Synaptic transmission | GABA transporters | GABAAR modulator pentobarbital | PARTIAL AGONISTS | NEUROTRANSMITTER TRANSPORTERS | PHYSIOLOGY | PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION | SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION | AMINOBUTYRIC ACID(A) RECEPTORS | SUBUNIT COMPOSITION | NEUROSCIENCES | AUDITORY BRAIN-STEM | HYPERPOLARIZING GLYCINE ACTION | AMINO-ACIDS | TONIC INHIBITION | Animal experimentation | RNA sequencing | RNA | Communications equipment | Neurons | GABA | Glycine | Neurophysiology | Presynapse | γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptors | Trapezoid body | Synaptic strength | γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptors | Brain stem | Glycine receptors | Excitability | Calcium imaging | mRNA | Gephyrin | Experiments | Calcium influx | γ-Aminobutyric acid | Localization | Neurotransmission | Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
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5. Full Text Inhibitory projections from the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body in the mouse
by Albrecht, Otto and Dondzillo, Anna and Mayer, Florian and Thompson, John A and Klug, Achim
Frontiers in Neural Circuits, ISSN 1662-5110, 07/2014, Volume 8, Issue JULY, p. 83
Neurons in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) receive prominent excitatory input through the calyx of Held, a giant synapse that produces large... 
Calyx of held | Auditory | Trapezoid body | Inhibition | MNTB | Glycinergic | VNTB | RAT | PRINCIPAL CELLS | SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION | COCHLEAR NUCLEUS | trapezoid body | inhibition | GLYCINE IMMUNOREACTIVITY | GUINEA-PIG | NEUROSCIENCES | AUDITORY BRAIN-STEM | glycinergic | auditory | calyx of held | NEURONS | SUPERIOR OLIVARY COMPLEX | POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT | Animals, Newborn | Nerve Net - growth & development | Green Fluorescent Proteins - metabolism | Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism | Electric Stimulation | Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring - metabolism | Age Factors | Trapezoid Body - anatomy & histology | Cholera Toxin - metabolism | Synapses - physiology | Electroporation | Mice, Transgenic | Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics | Trapezoid Body - growth & development | Functional Laterality | Nerve Net - physiology | Neural Inhibition - physiology | Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics | Patch-Clamp Techniques | Animals | Neurons - physiology | Glutamate Decarboxylase - metabolism | Mice | In Vitro Techniques | Proteins | Firing pattern | γ-Aminobutyric acid | Synaptic strength | Neurons | Artificial chromosomes
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6. Sound-Evoked Activity Influences Myelination of Brainstem Axons in the Trapezoid Body
by James L Sinclair and Matthew J Fischl and Olga Alexandrova and Martin Heβ and Benedikt Grothe and Christian Leibold and Conny Kopp-Scheinpflug
The Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 08/2017, Volume 37, Issue 34, p. 8239
Plasticity of myelination represents a mechanism to tune the flow of information by balancing functional requirements with metabolic and spatial constraints.... 
Plasticity (auditory) | Conduction | Hearing protectors | Trapezoid body | Myelin | Brain stem | Spatial discrimination | Central nervous system | Impairment | Firing rate | Action potential | Hearing loss | Fibers | Axons | Myelination | Protective equipment | Plasticity | Information processing | Auditory system | Sensory neurons | Plastic properties | Ear protectors
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7. Full Text Four-body central configurations with adjacent equal masses
by Deng, Yiyang and Li, Bingyu and Zhang, Shiqing
Journal of Geometry and Physics, ISSN 0393-0440, 04/2017, Volume 114, pp. 329 - 335
For any convex non-collinear central configuration of the planar Newtonian 4-body problem with adjacent equal masses , with equal lengths for the two... 
Isosceles trapezoid | Triangle areas | Four-body problem | Convex central configurations | MATHEMATICS, APPLIED | SYMMETRY | PHYSICS, MATHEMATICAL
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8. Full Text Four-body co-circular central configurations
by Cors, Josep M and Roberts, Gareth E
Nonlinearity, ISSN 0951-7715, 02/2012, Volume 25, Issue 2, pp. 343 - 370
We classify the set of central configurations lying on a common circle in the Newtonian four-body problem. Using mutual distances as coordinates, we show that... 
MATHEMATICS, APPLIED | CONVEX CENTRAL CONFIGURATIONS | PHYSICS, MATHEMATICAL | RELATIVE EQUILIBRIA | Exteriors | Kites | Classification | Trapezoids | Nonlinearity | Graphs | Two dimensional | Symmetry | 70 Mechanics of particles and systems | Relative equilibria | Problema dels cossos múltiples | Matemàtiques i estadística | Many-body problem | Classificació AMS | Convex central configurations | 70F Dynamics of a system of particles, including celestial mechanics | Enginyeria mecànica | Àrees temàtiques de la UPC | Celestial mechanics | Mecànica celest
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9. Full Text Strain-specific differences in the development of neuronal excitability in the mouse ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body
by Sinclair, James L and Barnes-Davies, Margaret and Kopp-Scheinpflug, Conny and Forsythe, Ian D
Hearing Research, ISSN 0378-5955, 10/2017, Volume 354, pp. 28 - 37
This investigation compared the development of neuronal excitability in the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body (VNTB) between two strains of mice with... 
Medial olivocochlear system | C57BL/6J | Age-related hearing loss | CBA/Ca | Ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body | MEDIAL OLIVOCOCHLEAR NEURONS | C57BL/6J MICE | POTASSIUM CURRENTS | SENSORINEURAL HEARING-LOSS | BRAIN-STEM SLICES | AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY | COCHLEAR NUCLEUS | NEUROSCIENCES | INFERIOR COLLICULUS | OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY | CBA/J MICE | EFFERENT NEURONS | EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT REFINEMENT | Presbycusis - physiopathology | Electric Stimulation | Age Factors | Species Specificity | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Trapezoid Body - physiopathology | Reaction Time | Cochlear Nucleus - metabolism | Hearing | Patch-Clamp Techniques | Animals | Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem | Olivary Nucleus - metabolism | Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated - metabolism | Time Factors | Cochlear Nucleus - physiopathology | Aging | Mice, Inbred CBA | Presbycusis - metabolism | Auditory Pathways - physiopathology | Neurons - metabolism | Olivary Nucleus - physiopathology | Auditory Pathways - metabolism | Trapezoid Body - metabolism | Neurons | Neurosciences | Mice | Index Medicus
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10. Full Text Tonotopic alterations in inhibitory input to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome
by McCullagh, Elizabeth A and Salcedo, Ernesto and Huntsman, Molly M and Klug, Achim
Journal of Comparative Neurology, ISSN 0021-9967, 11/2017, Volume 525, Issue 16, pp. 3543 - 3562
Hyperexcitability and the imbalance of excitation/inhibition are one of the leading causes of abnormal sensory processing in Fragile X syndrome (FXS). The... 
glutamic acid | RRID: AB_2278725 | RRID: AB_1587626 | glycine | sound localization | brain stem | fragile X syndrome | gamma‐aminobutyric acid | RRID: AB_2619997 | gamma-aminobutyric acid | RAT | PRINCIPAL CELLS | COCHLEAR NUCLEUS | GLYCINE-IMMUNOREACTIVE PROJECTIONS | NEUROSCIENCES | AUDITORY BRAIN-STEM | ZOOLOGY | BINAURAL INTERACTION | IN-VIVO | SUPERIOR OLIVARY COMPLEX | MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN | Fragile X Syndrome - genetics | Neural Inhibition - genetics | Glycine - metabolism | Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism | Gene Expression Regulation - genetics | Sound Localization - physiology | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 - metabolism | Fragile X Syndrome - pathology | Male | Mice, Transgenic | Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein - metabolism | Trapezoid Body - pathology | Auditory Pathways - pathology | Animals | Glutamate Decarboxylase - metabolism | Female | Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein - genetics | Glutamic Acid - metabolism | Mice | Neurons - metabolism | Disease Models, Animal | GABA | Fragile X syndrome | Glycine | Glutamate | Trapezoid body | Brain stem | Sound localization | Sound | Nuclei | Mental retardation | γ-Aminobutyric acid | Fragile X mental retardation protein | Neurotransmitters | Alterations | Mouse devices | Sensory integration | Rodents | Information processing | Excitation | Inhibition | Immunofluorescence | Position (location) | Localization | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid | Glutamic Acid | Sound Localization | Brain Stem
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11. Full Text Neurotransmitters and receptors changes in medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) of early-developmental rats with single-side deafness
by Dai, Jinsheng and Liu, Jinfeng and Zhou, Mo and Wang, Wenjiao and David Xu, Zhi-Qing and Wang, Ningyu
Medical Science Monitor, ISSN 1234-1010, 01/2018, Volume 24, pp. 397 - 404
Background: Congenital single-side deafness (SSD) affects sound localization even after cochlear implantation (CI) in some conditions. The medial nucleus of... 
Sound localization | Receptors, neurotransmitter | Neurotransmitter agents | Hearing loss, unilateral | MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | LATERAL SUPERIOR OLIVE | Sound Localization | BILATERAL COCHLEAR IMPLANTS | CHILDREN | Hearing Loss, Unilateral | Neurotransmitter Agents | TRANSMISSION | INHIBITION | DEPRIVATION | Receptors, Neurotransmitter | UNILATERAL DEAFNESS | BRAIN | PLASTICITY | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism | Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism | Rats | Deafness - physiopathology | Male | Receptors, Neurotransmitter - physiology | Trapezoid Body - cytology | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Action Potentials | Animals | Deafness - metabolism | Receptors, GABA - metabolism | Trapezoid Body - physiology | Female | Receptors, Neurotransmitter - metabolism | Neurotransmitter Agents - physiology
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12. Full Text Glycinergic inhibition to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body shows prominent facilitation and can sustain high levels of ongoing activity
by Mayer, Florian and Albrecht, Otto and Dondzillo, Anna and Klug, Achim
Journal of Neurophysiology, ISSN 0022-3077, 12/2014, Volume 112, Issue 11, pp. 2901 - 2915
Neurons in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) are well known for their prominent excitatory inputs, mediated by the calyx of Held. Less attention... 
Short-term plasticity | Calyx of hdeld | Inhibition | Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body | Auditory brain stem | ANTEROVENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS | PHYSIOLOGY | calyx of Held | PRINCIPAL CELLS | inhibition | BRAIN-STEM | DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS | NEUROSCIENCES | TERM SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY | NEURAL SYNCHRONIZATION | auditory brain stem | HELD SYNAPSE | IN-VIVO | DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES | short-term plasticity | medial nucleus of the trapezoid body | RAT CALYX | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - pharmacology | Male | Trapezoid Body - cytology | Animals | Auditory Pathways - physiology | Gerbillinae | Glycine - pharmacology | Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials | Neurons - physiology | Trapezoid Body - physiology | Female | Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials | Neurons - drug effects | Auditory Pathways - cytology | Sensory Processing
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13. Full Text Forward masking in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the rat
by Gao, Fei and Berrebi, Albert S
Brain Structure and Function, ISSN 1863-2653, 5/2016, Volume 221, Issue 4, pp. 2303 - 2317
Perception of acoustic stimuli is modulated by the temporal and spectral relationship between sound components. Forward masking experiments show that the... 
Neurology | Neurosciences | Biomedicine | Auditory scene analysis | Context dependence | Forward suppression | MNTB | Cell Biology | Action Potentials | Animals | Acoustic Stimulation | Perceptual Masking - physiology | Neurons - physiology | Trapezoid Body - physiology | Rats | Female | Auditory Perception - physiology | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Neurophysiology | Brain | Perceptions | Rodents | context dependence | forward suppression | auditory scene analysis
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14. Full Text Foreign Body Reaction to Artelon Spacer: Case Report
by Giuffrida, A. Ylenia, MD and Gyuricza, Cassie, MD and Perino, Giorgio, MD and Weiland, Andrew J., MD
Journal of Hand Surgery, ISSN 0363-5023, 2009, Volume 34, Issue 8, pp. 1388 - 1392
Anecdotal reports of painful synovitis after implantation of the Artelon spacer (Small Bone Innovations, Inc., Morrisville, PA) have emerged. The manufacturer... 
Orthopedics | basal joint arthritis | poly(urethane urea) | Artelon | foreign body reaction | synovitis | SURGERY | ARTHROPLASTY | ORTHOPEDICS | Absorbable Implants - adverse effects | Postoperative Complications - etiology | Humans | Middle Aged | Sutures - adverse effects | Scaphoid Bone - pathology | Synovial Membrane - pathology | Male | Scaphoid Bone - surgery | Foreign-Body Reaction - surgery | Synovitis - etiology | Synovitis - diagnosis | Osteosclerosis - surgery | Trapezoid Bone - surgery | Synovectomy | Foreign-Body Reaction - diagnosis | Postoperative Complications - pathology | Synovitis - surgery | Osteoarthritis - surgery | Reoperation | Osteosclerosis - diagnosis | Giant Cells, Foreign-Body - pathology | Osteosclerosis - etiology | Polyurethanes - adverse effects | Postoperative Complications - surgery | Postoperative Complications - diagnosis | Foreign-Body Reaction - pathology | Synovitis - pathology | Trapezoid Bone - pathology | Osteosclerosis - pathology | Trapezium Bone - surgery | Trapezium Bone - pathology | Biocompatible Materials - adverse effects | Arthroplasty - methods | Foreign-Body Reaction - etiology | Urea | Index Medicus
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