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tube-fed patients (58) 58
humans (46) 46
enteral nutrition (33) 33
nutrition & dietetics (33) 33
enteral nutrition - adverse effects (26) 26
diarrhea (25) 25
male (24) 24
female (22) 22
index medicus (21) 21
adult (18) 18
aged (16) 16
enteral nutrition - methods (15) 15
risk factors (13) 13
diarrhea - etiology (12) 12
dietary fiber (12) 12
nursing (12) 12
chain fatty-acids (11) 11
food, formulated (11) 11
nutrition (11) 11
critical illness (10) 10
critically ill (10) 10
middle aged (10) 10
complications (9) 9
critically-ill patients (9) 9
dietary fiber - administration & dosage (9) 9
bowel function (8) 8
clostridium-difficile (8) 8
diarrhea - prevention & control (8) 8
enteral feeding (8) 8
gastroenterology & hepatology (8) 8
randomized controlled-trial (8) 8
tube feeding (8) 8
diarrhea - epidemiology (7) 7
diarrhoea (7) 7
difficile-associated diarrhea (7) 7
feces - microbiology (7) 7
saccharomyces-boulardii (7) 7
soluble fiber (7) 7
critical illness - therapy (6) 6
hospitalized-patients (6) 6
ill patients (6) 6
intubation, gastrointestinal (6) 6
parenteral nutrition (6) 6
prospective studies (6) 6
adolescent (5) 5
aspiration (5) 5
bacterial translocation (5) 5
controlled-trial (5) 5
critically-ill (5) 5
feces - chemistry (5) 5
intolerance (5) 5
intubation, gastrointestinal - methods (5) 5
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (5) 5
research (5) 5
risk-factors (5) 5
treatment outcome (5) 5
anti-bacterial agents - adverse effects (4) 4
chemically defined diet (4) 4
child (4) 4
child, preschool (4) 4
clostridium difficile (4) 4
critical care - methods (4) 4
critical care medicine (4) 4
diarrhea - therapy (4) 4
double-blind method (4) 4
fatty acids, volatile - analysis (4) 4
fiber (4) 4
incidence (4) 4
intensive care units (4) 4
intubation, gastrointestinal - adverse effects (4) 4
randomized controlled trials as topic (4) 4
risk (4) 4
aged, 80 and over (3) 3
analysis (3) 3
animals (3) 3
care and treatment (3) 3
children (3) 3
clinical-practice guidelines (3) 3
constipation (3) 3
critical care (3) 3
cross-over studies (3) 3
diagnosis (3) 3
diarrhea - microbiology (3) 3
energy-expenditure (3) 3
epidemiology (3) 3
fatty acids (3) 3
fermentation (3) 3
fiber in human nutrition (3) 3
gastric emptying - physiology (3) 3
gastroenterology and hepatology (3) 3
gastrointestinal contents (3) 3
gastrointestinal motility - physiology (3) 3
gastrostomy (3) 3
health aspects (3) 3
hospitalization (3) 3
infant (3) 3
intensive-care-unit (3) 3
intestinal microflora (3) 3
intestines - microbiology (3) 3
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1. Reducing diarrhea in tube-fed patients
by Horsley, Jo Anne and Curn Project
1981, Using research to improve nursing practice, ISBN 0808913263, xvii, 99
Diarrhea | Nursing | Research | Complications | Tube feeding | Enteral feeding
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2. Full Text Diarrhea in Critically Ill Patients
: The Role of Enteral Feeding
by de Brito-Ashurst, Ione and Preiser, Jean-Charles
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, ISSN 0148-6071, 9/2016, Volume 40, Issue 7, pp. 913 - 923
This tutorial presents a systematic approach to the management of diarrhea in the critical care setting. Diarrhea is a common and prevalent problem in... 
critically ill | enteral feeding | diarrhea | HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS | NUTRITION SUPPORT THERAPY | DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA | RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL | CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE | TUBE-FED PATIENTS | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | PROTEIN-ENERGY PROVISION | INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT | CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS | DIETARY FIBER | Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage | Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage | Prevalence | Humans | Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage | Diarrhea - epidemiology | Male | Enteral Nutrition | Food, Formulated | Diarrhea - therapy | Intubation, Gastrointestinal | Dietary Fats - administration & dosage | Critical Illness - therapy | Adult | Critical Care | Female | Aged | Disease Management | Recommended Dietary Allowances
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3. Full Text Guidelines for enteral feeding in adult hospital patients
by Stroud, M and Duncan, H and Nightingale, J and British Society of Gastroenterology
Gut, ISSN 0017-5749, 12/2003, Volume 52, Issue suppl 7, pp. vii1 - 12
BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION | TUBE-FED PATIENTS | SURGICAL PATIENTS | JEJUNOSTOMY | PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY | HUMAN-COLON | PARENTERAL-NUTRITION | MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION | GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY | CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS | NASOGASTRIC TUBE | Enteral Nutrition - methods | Ethics, Medical | Malnutrition - therapy | Nutritional Requirements | Intubation, Gastrointestinal - methods | Humans | Gastrointestinal Diseases - etiology | Hospitalization | Intubation, Gastrointestinal - adverse effects | Enteral Nutrition - adverse effects | Infection - etiology | Patient Selection | Home Care Services | Metabolic Diseases - etiology | Adult | Guidelines
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4. Full Text Use of gastric residual volume to guide enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: A brief systematic review of clinical studies
by Kuppinger, David D., M.D and Rittler, Peter, M.D and Hartl, Wolfgang H., M.D and Rüttinger, Dominik, M.D
Nutrition, ISSN 0899-9007, 2013, Volume 29, Issue 9, pp. 1075 - 1079
Abstract Objective In critically ill patients, the optimal procedure to monitor upper gastrointestinal function is controversial. Several authors have proposed... 
Gastroenterology and Hepatology | Gastric residual volume | Systematic review | Pneumonia | Enteral nutrition | Aspiration | RISK-FACTORS | VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA | INTOLERANCE | RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL | INTENSIVE-CARE | TUBE-FED PATIENTS | SUPPORT | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | FEEDING-TUBE | MOTILITY | Enteral Nutrition - methods | Gastrointestinal Contents | Guidelines as Topic | Intensive Care Units | Humans | Critical Illness - therapy | Observational Studies as Topic | Treatment Outcome | Stomach - metabolism | Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | Medicine, Experimental | Clinical trials | Medical research | Usage | Nutrition | Ventilation | Motility | Patients | Mortality
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5. Full Text Gastric residual volume and aspiration in critically ill patients receiving gastric feedings
by Metheny, Norma A and Schallom, Lynn and Oliver, Dana A and Clouse, Ray E
American Journal of Critical Care, ISSN 1062-3264, 11/2008, Volume 17, Issue 6, pp. 512 - 519
Background The helpfulness of bedside assessment of gastric residual volume in the prediction of aspiration has been questioned, as has the volume that signals... 
BLIND | TUBE-FED PATIENTS | GASTROESOPHAGEAL | ENTERAL NUTRITION | POSITIONS | NURSING | RISK | INTOLERANCE | RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL | PNEUMONIA | CHILDREN | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Gastrointestinal Contents | Intubation, Gastrointestinal - methods | Prospective Studies | Humans | Middle Aged | Critical Illness | Male | Gastric Emptying | Enteral Nutrition - adverse effects | Young Adult | Adolescent | Aged, 80 and over | Adult | Female | Aged | Health Status | Respiratory Aspiration - etiology
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6. Full Text Methods of Enteral Nutrition Administration in Critically Ill Patients: Continuous, Cyclic, Intermittent, and Bolus Feeding
by Ichimaru, Satomi
Nutrition in Clinical Practice, ISSN 0884-5336, 12/2018, Volume 33, Issue 6, pp. 790 - 795
There are several methods of enteral nutrition (EN) administration, including continuous, cyclic, intermittent, and bolus techniques, which can be used either... 
enteral nutrition | patient safety | tube feeding | critical illness | cost and cost analysis | protein synthesis | nutrition support | respiratory aspiration | NEONATAL PIGS | ENERGY PROVISION | PROTOCOL | RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL | TUBE-FED PATIENTS | SKELETAL-MUSCLE | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS | AMINO-ACIDS | COMPLICATIONS | Critical Care - methods | Enteral Nutrition - methods | Humans | Intubation, Gastrointestinal | Gastrointestinal Hormones - metabolism | Muscle Proteins - metabolism | Critical Illness - therapy
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7. Full Text Fecal microbiota in patients receiving enteral feeding are highly variable and may be altered in those who develop diarrhea
by Whelan, Kevin and Judd, Patricia A and Tuohy, Kieran M and Gibson, Glenn R and Preedy, Victor R and Taylor, Moira A
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, 01/2009, Volume 89, Issue 1, pp. 240 - 247
Background: The pathogenesis of diarrhea in patients receiving enteral feeding includes colonic water secretion, antibiotic prescription, and enteropathogenic... 
OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES | TUBE-FED PATIENTS | DISTAL COLON | HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS | RNA-BASED PROBES | IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION | NUTRITION | PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL | HUMAN FECES | Prospective Studies | Fatty Acids, Volatile - biosynthesis | Humans | Clostridium - growth & development | Male | Colony Count, Microbial | Bifidobacterium - isolation & purification | Clostridium - isolation & purification | Fatty Acids, Volatile - analysis | Bifidobacterium - growth & development | Enteral Nutrition - adverse effects | Chromatography, Gas - methods | Feces - microbiology | Probiotics | Diarrhea - microbiology | Female | Aged | In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence - methods | Diarrhea | Research | Health aspects | Risk factors | Tube feeding | Enteral feeding
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8. Full Text Critical Illness, Gastrointestinal Complications, and Medication Therapy during Enteral Feeding in Critically Ill Adult Patients
by Btaiche, Imad F and Chan, Lingtak-Neander and Pleva, Melissa and Kraft, Michael D
Nutrition in Clinical Practice, ISSN 0884-5336, 2/2010, Volume 25, Issue 1, pp. 32 - 49
Critically ill patients who are subjected to high stress or with severe injury can rapidly break down their body protein and energy stores. Unless adequate... 
enteral nutrition | gastrointestinal motility | critical illness | Enteral nutrition | Critical illness | Gastrointestinal motility | ACUTE COLONIC PSEUDOOBSTRUCTION | DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DISEASE | RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL | PROTON-PUMP INHIBITORS | CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES | TUBE-FED PATIENTS | OPIOID-INDUCED CONSTIPATION | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | RECEIVING MECHANICAL VENTILATION | INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT | PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL | Gastrointestinal Motility | Malnutrition - prevention & control | Gastrointestinal Diseases - drug therapy | Humans | Gastrointestinal Agents - therapeutic use | Gastrointestinal Diseases - etiology | Critical Illness | Adult | Enteral Nutrition - adverse effects
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9. Full Text Re‐examination of risk factors for non‐Clostridium difficile‐associated diarrhoea in hospitalized patients
by Thorson, Melissa A.L and Bliss, Donna Zimmaro and Savik, Kay
Journal of Advanced Nursing, ISSN 0309-2402, 05/2008, Volume 62, Issue 3, pp. 354 - 364
Title.  Re‐examination of risk factors for non‐Clostridium difficile‐associated diarrhoea in hospitalized patients. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to... 
tube feeding | intensive care | hospitalized patients | medication | nursing | diarrhoea | sorbitol | Sorbitol | Intensive care | Nursing | Medication | Diarrhoea | Hospitalized patients | Tube feeding | TUBE-FED PATIENTS | ENTERAL NUTRITION | NOSOCOMIAL DIARRHEA | SOLUBLE FIBER | INFECTION | CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS | HYPOALBUMINEMIA | DRUG-INDUCED DIARRHEA | SEVERITY | Length of Stay | Severity of Illness Index | Acute Disease | Epidemiologic Studies | Humans | Risk Factors | Sweetening Agents - adverse effects | Diarrhea - epidemiology | Logistic Models | Male | Hospitalization | Enteral Nutrition - adverse effects | Diarrhea - classification | Diarrhea - etiology | Female | Sorbitol - adverse effects | Aged | Hospital patients | Algorithms | Inflammatory bowel disease | Enteral nutrition | Epidemiology | Risk factors | Index Medicus
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10. Full Text Enteral nutrition in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: reasons for intolerance and medical management
by Tan, Min and Zhu, Jing-Ci and Yin, Hua-Hua
British Journal of Neurosurgery, ISSN 0268-8697, 2/2011, Volume 25, Issue 1, pp. 2 - 8
Approximately, 50% of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) exhibit intolerance to enteral nutrition (EN). This intolerance hampers the survival... 
enteral nutrition | Severe traumatic brain injury | reasons | management | intolerance | MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS | METABOLIC-RESPONSE | SURGERY | TUBE-FED PATIENTS | CONTROLLED-TRIAL | ADULT PATIENTS | INTENSIVE-CARE PATIENTS | CRITICAL ILLNESS | SEVERE HEAD-INJURY | MYOELECTRIC ACTIVITY | CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Enteral Nutrition - methods | Intensive Care Units | Intubation, Gastrointestinal - methods | Humans | Critical Illness | Gastrointestinal Motility - physiology | Brain Injuries - complications | Female | Male | Brain Injuries - therapy | Intubation, Gastrointestinal - adverse effects | Enteral Nutrition - adverse effects
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11. Full Text Definitions, Attitudes, and Management Practices in Relation to Diarrhea During Enteral Nutrition
: A Survey of Patients, Nurses, and Dietitians
by Majid, Hazreen A and Emery, Peter W and Whelan, Kevin
Nutrition in Clinical Practice, ISSN 0884-5336, 4/2012, Volume 27, Issue 2, pp. 252 - 260
Background: Diarrhea is a common complication in patients receiving enteral nutrition (EN), and understanding this problem among patients and healthcare... 
enteral nutrition | health knowledge, attitude, actions | attitude of health professional | diarrhea | attitude | TUBE-FED PATIENTS | HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | OUTPUT | DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA | FORMULAS | CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE | Humans | Middle Aged | Patient-Centered Care | Male | Practice Patterns, Physicians | Enteral Nutrition - adverse effects | Odorants | Nurses | Adult | Female | Surveys and Questionnaires | Feces | Defecation | Dietetics | Attitude of Health Personnel | Diarrhea - nursing | Cross-Sectional Studies | Attitude to Health | Clothing | Diarrhea - therapy | Diarrhea - etiology | Perception | Aged | Disease Management | Health Care Surveys
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12. Full Text "CAN WE FEED?" A mnemonic to merge nutrition and intensive care assessment of the critically ill patient
by Miller, Keith R and Kiraly, Laszlo N and Lowen, Cynthia C and Martindale, Robert G and McClave, Stephen A
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, ISSN 0148-6071, 09/2011, Volume 35, Issue 5, pp. 643 - 659
As care of the critically ill patient grows more complex, so does the breadth of knowledge required of the intensivist to deliver quality service. Nutrition is... 
enteral nutrition | nutrition assessment | parenteral nutrition | tolerance | EARLY ENTERAL NUTRITION | CRITICAL ILLNESS | TUBE-FED PATIENTS | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL | SUBJECTIVE GLOBAL ASSESSMENT | SEPTIC SHOCK | PARENTERAL-NUTRITION | BACTERIAL-INFECTION RATES | ACUTE-PANCREATITIS | SEVERE SEPSIS | Critical Care - methods | Enteral Nutrition - methods | Nutritional Requirements | Intensive Care Units | Age Factors | Humans | Risk Factors | Calorimetry, Indirect | Food, Formulated | Nutrition Assessment | Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | Parenteral Nutrition - methods | Critical Illness - therapy | Nutrition Therapy - methods
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13. Full Text INCIDENCE OF NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT COMPLICATIONS IN CRITICAL PATIENTS: MULTICENTER STUDY
by Agudelo, GM and Giraldo, NA and Aguilar, N and Barbosa, J and Castano, E and Gamboa, S and Martinez, MI and Alzate, S and Vanegas, M and Restrepo, B and Roman, J and Serna, A and Hoyos, M
NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA, ISSN 0212-1611, 05/2011, Volume 26, Issue 3, pp. 537 - 545
Introduction: nutritional support (NS) leads complications that must be detected and prompt treated. Objective: to estimate the incidence of some complications... 
RISK-FACTORS | DIARRHEA | Enteral nutrition | Complications | GUIDELINES | Parenteral nutrition | INTOLERANCE | ASPIRATION | TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION | TUBE-FED PATIENTS | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | Critical patients | ILL ADULT PATIENTS | GASTROINTESTINAL COMPLICATIONS | Parenteral Nutrition - adverse effects | Prospective Studies | Humans | Middle Aged | Critical Illness | Male | Gastrointestinal Transit - physiology | Food, Formulated | Enteral Nutrition - adverse effects | Young Adult | Nutritional Support - adverse effects | Adolescent | Adult | Female | Aged | Nutritional Status
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