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1. Full Text Syndromes of reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone: genetic defects in hormone receptors, cell transporters and deiodination
by Refetoff, Samuel, MD and Dumitrescu, Alexandra M., MD, PhD
Best Practice & Research: Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, ISSN 1521-690X, 2007, Volume 21, Issue 2, pp. 277 - 305
At least six major steps are required for secreted thyroid hormone (TH) to exert its action on target tissues. Mutations interfering with three of these steps... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | transmembrane transport | receptor | thyroid hormone | deiodinases | metabolism | selenoproteins | MCT8 | resistance | SECISBP2/SBP2 | HERNDON-DUDLEY-SYNDROME | SELENOCYSTEINE TRANSFER-RNA | TR-BETA | MICE LACKING | PITUITARY RESISTANCE | TARGETED DISRUPTION | BETA-GENE | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | MCT8 GENE | GENERALIZED RESISTANCE | LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN | Diagnosis, Differential | Thyroid Hormones - deficiency | Thyroid Hormones - secretion | Humans | Membrane Transport Proteins - physiology | Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome - epidemiology | Animals | Receptors, Thyroid Hormone - genetics | Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics | Models, Biological | Pedigree | Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome - pathology | Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome - therapy | Thyroid Hormones - metabolism | Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism | Iodide Peroxidase - genetics | Mutation | Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome - genetics | Thyroid Hormones - physiology | Genetic research | Physiological aspects | Hormones
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2. Full Text Mechanisms of thyroid hormone action
by Brent, Gregory A
Journal of Clinical Investigation, ISSN 0021-9738, 09/2012, Volume 122, Issue 9, pp. 3035 - 3043
Our understanding of thyroid hormone action has been substantially altered by recent clinical observations of thyroid signaling defects in syndromes of hormone... 
RESPONSE ELEMENT | MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | ACTION IN-VIVO | CELL-SURFACE RECEPTOR | PROTEIN-KINASE | EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS | TYPE-3 DEIODINASE | RECEPTOR-ALPHA GENE | V-ERBA ONCOGENE | RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS | MONOCARBOXYLATE TRANSPORTER 8 | Receptor Cross-Talk | Signal Transduction | Humans | Gene Expression Regulation | Organogenesis | Receptors, Thyroid Hormone - metabolism | Adipose Tissue - metabolism | Animals | Receptors, Thyroid Hormone - genetics | Neoplasms - genetics | Thyroid Hormones - metabolism | Cell Membrane - metabolism | Mutation | Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome - genetics | Thyroid Hormones - physiology | Physiological aspects | Thyroid gland | Cellular signal transduction | Thyroid hormones | Research | Health aspects | Science in Medicine
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3. Full Text ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of PKM2 promotes the Warburg effect
by Yang, Weiwei and Zheng, Yanhua and Xia, Yan and Ji, Haitao and Chen, Xiaomin and Guo, Fang and Lyssiotis, Costas A and Aldape, Kenneth and Cantley, Lewis C and Lu, Zhimin
Nature Cell Biology, ISSN 1465-7392, 2012, Volume 14, Issue 12, pp. 1295 - 1304
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is upregulated in multiple cancer types and contributes to the Warburg effect by unclear mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that... 
APOPTOSIS | TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY | ACTIVATION | METABOLISM | PROTEIN-KINASE | PYRUVATE-KINASE M2 | DOWN-REGULATION | BETA-CATENIN | CANCER | GENE-TRANSCRIPTION | CELL BIOLOGY | Phosphorylation | Immunoprecipitation | Humans | Glucose Transporter Type 1 - metabolism | Protein Transport - physiology | Cell Nucleus - metabolism | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 - genetics | Female | Peptidylprolyl Isomerase - metabolism | Membrane Proteins - metabolism | Peptidylprolyl Isomerase - genetics | Cell Line | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - genetics | Membrane Proteins - genetics | Cells, Cultured | NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase | Thyroid Hormones - genetics | beta Catenin - metabolism | Protein Transport - genetics | beta Catenin - genetics | Carrier Proteins - genetics | Animals | Carrier Proteins - metabolism | Glucose Transporter Type 1 - genetics | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - metabolism | Mice, Nude | Thyroid Hormones - metabolism | Cell Line, Tumor | Protein Binding | Mice | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 - metabolism | Translocation (Genetics) | Cancer cells | Physiological aspects | Cytogenetics | Genetic aspects | Research | Health aspects
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4. Full Text Genetic Regulation of Pituitary Gland Development in Human and Mouse
by Kelberman, Daniel and Rizzoti, Karine and Lovell-Badge, Robin and Robinson, Iain C. A. F and Dattani, Mehul T
Endocrine Reviews, ISSN 0163-769X, 12/2009, Volume 30, Issue 7, pp. 790 - 829
Normal hypothalamopituitary development is closely related to that of the forebrain and is dependent upon a complex genetic cascade of transcription factors... 
HOMEODOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR | THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE | LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION | GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE | PROSENCEPHALIC NEURAL PLATE | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | SOX2 ANOPHTHALMIA SYNDROME | VENTROMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEUS | GROWTH-HORMONE DEFICIENCY | SEPTO-OPTIC DYSPLASIA | STEROIDOGENIC FACTOR-I | Hypothalamus - embryology | Transcription Factors - physiology | Morphogenesis - genetics | Gene Expression Regulation - genetics | Hypothalamus - physiology | Humans | Gene Expression Regulation - physiology | Transcription Factors - genetics | Pituitary Hormones - physiology | Pituitary Gland - embryology | Cell Differentiation - genetics | Animals | Pituitary Hormones - genetics | Mice | Cell Differentiation - physiology | Morphogenesis - physiology | Pituitary Gland - physiology
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5. Full Text GLIS3 is indispensable for TSH/TSHR-dependent thyroid hormone biosynthesis and follicular cell proliferation
by Kang, Hong Soon and Kumar, Dhirendra and Liao, Grace and Lichti-Kaiser, Kristin and Gerrish, Kevin and Liao, Xiao-Hui and Refetoff, Samuel and Jothi, Raja and Jetten, Anton M
Journal of Clinical Investigation, ISSN 0021-9738, 12/2017, Volume 127, Issue 12, pp. 4326 - 4337
Deficiency in Kruppel-like zinc finger transcription factor GLI-similar 3 (GLIS3) in humans is associated with the development of congenital hypothyroidism.... 
MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | SODIUM/IODIDE SYMPORTER | NEONATAL DIABETES-MELLITUS | CYCLIC-AMP | MICE DEFICIENT | CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM | ZINC-FINGER | IN-VIVO | GENE-EXPRESSION | TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR | MTOR | Receptors, Thyrotropin - genetics | Thyrotropin - genetics | Cell Proliferation | Ribosomal Proteins - metabolism | Goiter - genetics | Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 - genetics | Trans-Activators - genetics | Goiter - metabolism | Thyroid Gland - cytology | Repressor Proteins - metabolism | Sulfate Transporters - metabolism | Sulfate Transporters - genetics | Promoter Regions, Genetic | Thyroid Hormones - biosynthesis | Receptors, Thyrotropin - metabolism | Ribosomal Proteins - genetics | Repressor Proteins - genetics | Goiter - prevention & control | Thyroid Hormones - genetics | Thyrotropin - metabolism | Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 - metabolism | Symporters - metabolism | Mice, Knockout | Animals | Symporters - genetics | Trans-Activators - metabolism | Mice | Thyroid Gland - metabolism | Cell proliferation | Analysis | Physiological aspects | Development and progression | Genetic aspects | Thyroid hormones | Hypothyroidism | Health aspects | TOR protein | Neonates | Animal models | Transcription factors | Biosynthesis | Thyroid gland | Kinases | Proteins | Cell growth | Goiter | Rodents | Transcription activation | Zinc finger proteins | Thyroid | Nutrient deficiency | Congenital diseases | Cell division | Ribosomal protein S6 | Inflammation | Gene expression | Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors | Thyroid-stimulating hormone | Mutation
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6. Full Text The syndromes of reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone
by Dumitrescu, Alexandra M and Refetoff, Samuel
BBA - General Subjects, ISSN 0304-4165, 07/2013, Volume 1830, Issue 7, pp. 3987 - 4003
Six known steps are required for the circulating thyroid hormone (TH) to exert its action on target tissues. For three of these steps, human mutations and... 
SECIS‐binding protein 2 | Deiodinase | Nuclear receptor | Selenoprotein | Monocarboxylate transporter 8 | Resistance to thyroid hormone | SECIS-binding protein 2 | HERNDON-DUDLEY-SYNDROME | MONOCARBOXYLATE TRANSPORTER-8 GENE | RECEPTOR-BETA-GENE | DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | PITUITARY-RESISTANCE | TR-BETA | TARGETED DISRUPTION | BIOPHYSICS | GENERALIZED RESISTANCE | LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN | CLINICAL PHENOTYPE | Humans | Thyroid Hormones - genetics | Receptors, Thyroid Hormone - physiology | Receptors, Thyroid Hormone - metabolism | Phenotype | Receptors, Thyroid Hormone - genetics | Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics | Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome - physiopathology | Thyroid Hormones - metabolism | Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism | Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome - metabolism | Biological Transport - genetics | Mutation | Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome - genetics | Thyroid Hormones - physiology | Hormones | Protein binding
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7. Full Text Thyroid hormone receptors and resistance to thyroid hormone disorders
by Ortiga-Carvalho, Tânia M and Sidhaye, Aniket R and Wondisford, Fredric E
Nature Reviews Endocrinology, ISSN 1759-5029, 01/2014, Volume 10, Issue 10, pp. 582 - 591
Thyroid hormone action is predominantly mediated by thyroid hormone receptors (THRs), which are encoded by the thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) and... 
PITUITARY RESISTANCE | THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE | COACTIVATOR-BINDING | NEGATIVE REGULATION | IN-VIVO | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | ACTIVATION FUNCTION-2 DOMAIN | GENE-EXPRESSION | CONE OPSIN EXPRESSION | POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT | NUCLEAR COREPRESSOR | Receptors, Thyroid Hormone - metabolism | Mutation - physiology | Animals | Receptors, Thyroid Hormone - genetics | Thyroid Diseases - diagnosis | Thyroid Hormones - metabolism | Humans | Thyroid Diseases - genetics | Thyroid Diseases - metabolism | Thyroid Hormones - genetics | Genetic research | Hormone receptors | Genetic aspects | Research | Genetic susceptibility | Thyroid diseases
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