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1. Full Text Thermoregulation and energetics in hibernating black bears: metabolic rate and the mystery of multi-day body temperature cycles
by Tøien, Øivind and Blake, John and Barnes, Brian M
Journal of Comparative Physiology B, ISSN 0174-1578, 5/2015, Volume 185, Issue 4, pp. 447 - 461
Black bears overwintering in outdoor hibernacula in Alaska decrease metabolism to as low as 25 % basal rates, while core body temperature (T b) decreases from... 
Life Sciences | Biochemistry, general | Metabolic rate | Animal Physiology | Human Physiology | Zoology | Hibernation | Thermoregulation | Shivering | Total body thermal conductance | Biomedicine general | Bears | HYPOTHERMIA | PHYSIOLOGY | CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS | MUSCLE | ARCTOS | PATTERNS | TORPOR | ZOOLOGY | THERMOSENSITIVITY | GROUND-SQUIRRELS SLEEP | EXPRESSION | Temperature | Body Temperature Regulation - physiology | Shivering - physiology | Circadian Rhythm - physiology | Muscle, Skeletal - physiology | Telemetry | Thermal Conductivity | Ursidae - physiology | Pulmonary Gas Exchange - physiology | Animals | Time Factors | Hibernation - physiology | Alaska | Electromyography | Energy Metabolism - physiology | Physiological aspects | Black bear
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2. Full Text Cardiac function adaptations in hibernating grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis)
by Nelson, O Lynne and Robbins, Charles T
Journal of Comparative Physiology B, ISSN 0174-1578, 3/2010, Volume 180, Issue 3, pp. 465 - 473
Research on the cardiovascular physiology of hibernating mammals may provide insight into evolutionary adaptations; however, anesthesia used to handle wild... 
Life Sciences | Biochemistry, general | Diastolic function | Animal Physiology | Bradycardia | Ursus arctos horribilis | Human Physiology | Zoology | Cardiac function | Atrial chamber | Biomedicine general | PHYSIOLOGY | PATTERNS | TIME | COMPLETE ATRIOVENTRICULAR-BLOCK | HEART | HYPERTROPHY | ZOOLOGY | TEMPERATURE | DOGS | CHANNELS | ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY | Atrial Function - physiology | Cardiac Output - physiology | Echocardiography | Coronary Circulation - physiology | Heart - physiology | Stroke Volume - physiology | Male | Ursidae - physiology | Animals | Heart Rate - physiology | Hibernation - physiology | Female | Ventricular Function, Left - physiology | Seasons | Animals, Wild - physiology | Energy conservation | Grizzly bear | Heart beat
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3. Full Text Cryptochrome 1 in Retinal Cone Photoreceptors Suggests a Novel Functional Role in Mammals
by Nießner, Christine and Denzau, Susanne and Malkemper, Erich Pascal and Gross, Julia Christina and Burda, Hynek and Winklhofer, Michael and Peichl, Leo
Scientific Reports, ISSN 2045-2322, 02/2016, Volume 6, Issue 1, p. 21848
Cryptochromes are a ubiquitous group of blue-light absorbing flavoproteins that in the mammalian retina have an important role in the circadian clock. In... 
RADICAL-PAIR MECHANISM | CHEMICAL MAGNETORECEPTION | CIRCADIAN CLOCK | COLOR-VISION | BLUE-LIGHT PHOTORECEPTORS | EVOLUTION | AVIAN MAGNETIC COMPASS | ORIENTATION | FIELD | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | BIRDS | Immunohistochemistry | Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells - radiation effects | Gene Expression | Mammals - classification | Immune Sera - chemistry | Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells - physiology | Cryptochromes - genetics | Mustelidae - physiology | Circadian Rhythm - physiology | Canidae - physiology | Phylogeny | Birds - physiology | Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells - ultrastructure | Ursidae - physiology | Cone Opsins - genetics | Animals | Light | Mammals - physiology | Protein Domains | Protein Conformation | Cryptochromes - chemistry | Magnetic Fields | Circadian Rhythm - radiation effects | Hominidae - physiology | Magnetic compass | Circadian rhythms | Cones | Cryptochromes | Photoreceptors | Retina | C-Terminus | Localization | Nuclei | Flavoproteins | Western blotting
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4. Full Text Temporal organization of activity in the brown bear (Ursus arctos): Roles of circadian rhythms, light, and food entrainment
by Ware, Jasmine V and Nelson, O. Lynne and Robbins, Charles T and Jansen, Heiko T
American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, ISSN 0363-6119, 11/2012, Volume 303, Issue 9, pp. R890 - R902
Ware JV, Nelson OL, Robbins CT, Jansen HT. Temporal organization of activity in the brown bear (Ursus arctos): roles of circadian rhythms, light, and food... 
Brown bear | Entrainment | Food-entrainable oscillator | Phase shift | Hibernation | WEST-CENTRAL ALBERTA | PHYSIOLOGY | MANTLED GROUND-SQUIRRELS | entrainment | PHASE RESPONSE CURVES | food-entrainable oscillator | BODY-TEMPERATURE | hibernation | EUROPEAN HAMSTER | phase shift | LAGOPUS-MUTUS-HYPERBOREUS | SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS | ACTIVITY PATTERNS | brown bear | GRIZZLY BEARS | BLACK BEARS | Cues | Motor Activity - physiology | Behavior, Animal - physiology | Male | Circadian Rhythm - physiology | Photoperiod | Feeding Behavior - physiology | Ursidae - physiology | Animals | Time Factors | Hibernation - physiology | Female | Seasons | Energy Metabolism - physiology | Circadian rhythms | Physiological aspects | Food consumption | Health aspects
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5. Full Text Monitoring the wild black bear's reaction to human and environmental stressors
by Laske, Timothy G and Garshelis, David L and Iaizzo, Paul A
BMC Physiology, ISSN 1472-6793, 2011, Volume 11, Issue 1, pp. 13 - 13
Bears are among the most physiologically remarkable mammals. They spend half their life in an active state and the other half in a state of dormancy without... 
Electrophysiology | Cardiac Physiology | Hibernation | Motor Activity - physiology | Animals | Electrocardiography, Ambulatory - instrumentation | Humans | Respiratory Rate - physiology | Heart Rate - physiology | Hibernation - physiology | Stress, Psychological | Female | Male | Ursidae - psychology | Ursidae - physiology | Health aspects | Cardiac patients | Research
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6. Full Text Does encephalization correlate with life history or metabolic rate in carnivora?
by Finarelli, John A
Biology Letters, ISSN 1744-9561, 06/2010, Volume 6, Issue 3, pp. 350 - 353
A recent analysis of brain size evolution reconstructed the plesiomorphic brain-body size allometry for the mammalian order Carnivora, providing an important... 
Carnivora | Likelihood ratios | Mammalia | Maternal energy hypothesis | Brain size | BODY-SIZE | LEVEL | BRAIN-SIZE EVOLUTION | likelihood ratios | brain size | EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY | MAMMALIAN BRAIN | BIOLOGY | ECOLOGY | maternal energy hypothesis | HIERARCHY | Cats | Brain - anatomy & histology | Carnivora - metabolism | Adaptation, Physiological - physiology | Mustelidae - physiology | Reproduction - physiology | Basal Metabolism - physiology | Raccoons - physiology | Carnivora - anatomy & histology | Canidae - physiology | Phylogeny | Viverridae - physiology | Brain - physiology | Ursidae - physiology | Brain - metabolism | Animals | Mephitidae - physiology | Body Size - physiology | Carnivora - growth & development | 1001 | Evolutionary Biology
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7. Full Text The fur of mammals in exposed environments; do crypsis and thermal needs necessarily conflict? The polar bear and marsupial koala compared
by Dawson, Terence J and Webster, Koa N and Maloney, Shane K
Journal of Comparative Physiology B, ISSN 0174-1578, 2/2014, Volume 184, Issue 2, pp. 273 - 284
The furs of mammals have varied and complex functions. Other than for thermoregulation, fur is involved in physical protection, sensory input, waterproofing... 
Life Sciences | Biochemistry, general | Animal Physiology | Insulation | Human Physiology | Zoology | Thermoregulation | Absorptivity | Solar radiation | Biomedicine general | Fur colour | Reflectance | ANIMALS | PHYSIOLOGY | RADIATION | CAMOUFLAGE | PHASCOLARCTOS-CINEREUS | ZOOLOGY | SOLAR HEAT GAIN | COLORATION | SURFACE | OPTICAL-MODEL | BIRDS | Phascolarctidae - physiology | Animals | Body Temperature Regulation - physiology | Sunlight | Environment | Hair - anatomy & histology | Hair - physiology | Pigmentation | Ursidae - physiology | Polar bear | Greenhouse effect | Comparative analysis | Nuclear radiation
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8. Full Text The Arctic melting pot
by Whiteley, Andrew and Tallmon, David and Kelly, Brendan P
Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, 12/2010, Volume 468, Issue 7326, pp. 891 - 891
In 2006, a white bear with patches of brown fur was shot by hunters in the Arctic. DNA tests confirmed what many suspected - it was a hybrid of a polar bear... 
MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | Aquatic Organisms - genetics | Oceans and Seas | Whales - genetics | Endangered Species - statistics & numerical data | Genetic Fitness - physiology | Male | Aquatic Organisms - physiology | Extinction, Biological | Biodiversity | Seals, Earless - genetics | Whales - physiology | Ice Cover | Ursidae - physiology | Animals | Genetic Fitness - genetics | Hybridization, Genetic - genetics | Arctic Regions | Ursidae - genetics | Female | Conservation of Natural Resources | Seals, Earless - physiology | Animal reproduction | Bears | Biological diversity
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9. Full Text Black Bears With Longer Disuse (Hibernation) Periods Have Lower Femoral Osteon Population Density and Greater Mineralization and Intracortical Porosity
by Wojda, Samantha J and Weyland, David R and Gray, Sarah K and Mcgee‐Lawrence, Meghan E and Drummer, Thomas D and Donahue, Seth W
The Anatomical Record, ISSN 1932-8486, 08/2013, Volume 296, Issue 8, pp. 1148 - 1153
ABSTRACT Intracortical bone remodeling is persistent throughout life, leading to age related increases in osteon population density (OPD). Intracortical... 
intracortical porosity | hibernating bears | osteon population density | cortical bone remodeling | disuse osteoporosis | Intracortical porosity | Cortical bone remodeling | Disuse osteoporosis | Hibernating bears | Osteon population density | CORTICAL BONE | TURNOVER | ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY | SEX | AGE ESTIMATION | MODEL | OSTEOPOROSIS | FEMUR | CORTEX | POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN | MICROSTRUCTURE | Ursidae - anatomy & histology | Femur - anatomy & histology | Bone Resorption - physiopathology | Osteogenesis - physiology | Bone Density - physiology | Male | Bone Remodeling - physiology | Florida | Haversian System - anatomy & histology | Ursidae - physiology | Utah | Aging - pathology | Femur - physiology | West Virginia | Animals | Aging - physiology | Time Factors | Hibernation - physiology | Models, Animal | Porosity | Haversian System - physiology
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10. Full Text Modulation of gene expression in heart and liver of hibernating black bears (Ursus americanus)
by Fedorov, Vadim B and Goropashnaya, Anna V and Tøien, Øivind and Stewart, Nathan C and Chang, Celia and Wang, Haifang and Yan, Jun and Showe, Louise C and Showe, Michael K and Barnes, Brian M
BMC Genomics, ISSN 1471-2164, 03/2011, Volume 12, Issue 1, pp. 171 - 171
Background: Hibernation is an adaptive strategy to survive in highly seasonal or unpredictable environments. The molecular and genetic basis of hibernation... 
PHYSIOLOGY | MAMMALIAN HIBERNATION | BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY | WINTER SLEEP | GENETICS & HEREDITY | MUSCLE | TORPOR | STARVATION | BODY-TEMPERATURE | ARCTIC GROUND-SQUIRRELS | PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS | METABOLIC-RATE | Adaptation, Physiological | Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis | Hibernation - genetics | Heart - physiology | DNA, Complementary - genetics | Gene Expression Regulation | Male | Gene Expression Profiling | Ursidae - physiology | Animals | Ursidae - genetics | Hibernation - physiology | Liver - physiology | Seasons | Heart | Genetic aspects | Research | Gene expression | Black bear | Liver
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11. Full Text Life in the fat lane: seasonal regulation of insulin sensitivity, food intake, and adipose biology in brown bears
by Rigano, K.S and Gehring, J.L and Evans Hutzenbiler, B.D and Chen, A.V and Nelson, O.L and Vella, C.A and Robbins, C.T and Jansen, H.T
Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, ISSN 0174-1578, 05/2017, Volume 187, Issue 4, pp. 649 - 676
Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) have evolved remarkable metabolic adaptations including enormous fat accumulation during the active season followed by... 
Adipose | Food intake | Hibernation | Leptin | Glucose | Grizzly bear | Insulin | Adiponectin | PHYSIOLOGY | MEDIATED GLUCOSE-UPTAKE | 13-LINED GROUND-SQUIRREL | BODY-COMPOSITION | MARMOTS MARMOTA-FLAVIVENTRIS | SERUM LEPTIN CONCENTRATION | ZOOLOGY | MAMMALIAN HIBERNATION | HIBERNATING BLACK BEARS | ENERGY-METABOLISM | GRIZZLY BEARS | URSUS-THIBETANUS-JAPONICUS | Eating | Glucose Tolerance Test | Male | Ursidae - physiology | Adipokines - blood | Brain - metabolism | Adipose Tissue - metabolism | Animals | Leptin - blood | Proteins - metabolism | Insulin Resistance - physiology | Glucose - metabolism | Hibernation - physiology | Female | Leptin - pharmacology | Seasons | Lipolysis - physiology | Lipogenesis - physiology
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12. Biomimetics--imitating nature to prevent disease
by Stenvinkel, Peter and Kindberg, Jonas and Fröbert, Ole
Lakartidningen, 03/2015, Volume 112
Blood Glucose - physiology | Animals | Aging - physiology | Biomimetics | Mole Rats - physiology | Hibernation - physiology | Seals, Earless - physiology | Boidae - physiology | Birds - physiology | Ursidae - physiology | Postprandial Period - physiology
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13. Full Text The Gut Microbiota Modulates Energy Metabolism in the Hibernating Brown Bear Ursus arctos
by Sommer, Felix and Ståhlman, Marcus and Ilkayeva, Olga and Arnemo, Jon M and Kindberg, Jonas and Josefsson, Johan and Newgard, Christopher B and Fröbert, Ole and Bäckhed, Fredrik and Region Örebro län and Örebro universitet and Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper
Cell Reports, ISSN 2211-1247, 02/2016, Volume 14, Issue 7, pp. 1655 - 1661
Hibernation is an adaptation that helps many animals to conserve energy during food shortage in winter. Brown bears double their fat depots during summer and... 
microbiota | metabolism | brown bear | hibernation | obesity | Brown bear | Obesity | Microbiota | Metabolism | Hibernation | OBESITY | ACID | DIET | AMERICANUS | WEIGHT-LOSS | FERMENTATION | RESISTANCE | ECOLOGY | DIVERSITY | ALTERS | CELL BIOLOGY | Adaptation, Physiological | Bile Acids and Salts - blood | Cholesterol - blood | Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology | Feces - microbiology | Carnitine - analogs & derivatives | Seasons | Energy Metabolism - physiology | Principal Component Analysis | Firmicutes - growth & development | Carnitine - blood | Actinobacteria - classification | Firmicutes - classification | Ursidae - microbiology | Bacteroidetes - classification | Ursidae - blood | Fecal Microbiota Transplantation | Animals | Actinobacteria - growth & development | Germ-Free Life | Triglycerides - blood | Hibernation - physiology | Bacteroidetes - growth & development | Adiposity - physiology | Mice | Blood Glucose - metabolism | Basic Medicine | Medical and Health Sciences | Medicin och hälsovetenskap | Hälsovetenskaper | Cell and Molecular Biology | Näringslära | Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper | Nutrition and Dietetics | Cell- och molekylärbiologi | Health Sciences
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14. Full Text Drivers and hotspots of extinction risk in marine mammals
by Ana D. Davidson and Alison G. Boyer and Hwahwan Kim and Sandra Pompa-Mansilla and Marcus J. Hamilton and Daniel P. Costa and Gerardo Ceballos and James H. Brown
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, 2/2012, Volume 109, Issue 9, pp. 3395 - 3400
The world's oceans are undergoing profound changes as a result of human activities. However, the consequences of escalating human impacts on marine mammal... 
Extinct species | Biodiversity conservation | Biological taxonomies | Threatened species | Habitat conservation | Species extinction | Humans | Modeling | Marine mammals | Nature conservation | Random forest models | Life history | Threatened and endangered species | International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List | BIODIVERSITY | RANDOM FORESTS | random forest models | GLOBAL PATTERNS | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | CLIMATE-CHANGE | CLASSIFICATION | threatened and endangered species | FISHERIES | CONSERVATION | life history | LIFE-HISTORY | IMPACTS | ECOSYSTEMS | Litter Size | Oceans and Seas | Body Weight | Species Specificity | Caniformia - physiology | Otters - physiology | Fisheries | Risk | Extinction, Biological | Biodiversity | Forecasting | Ursidae - physiology | Reproduction | Animals | Cetacea - physiology | Climate Change | Models, Biological | Conservation of Natural Resources | Human Activities | Decision Trees | Endangered species | Protection and preservation | Models | Extinction (Biology) | Research | Identification and classification | Statistics | Biological Sciences
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