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1. Full Text Percutaneous embolization of varicocele： technique, indications, relative contraindications, and complications
by Joshua Halpern Sameer Mittal Keith Pereira Shivank Bhatia Ranjith Ramasamy
亚洲男性学杂志：英文版, ISSN 1008-682X, 2016, Volume 18, Issue 2, pp. 234 - 238
There are several options for the treatment of varicocele, including surgical repair either by open or microsurgical approach, laparoscopy, or through... 
therapeutic embolization | interventional radiology | male infertility | varicocele | SURGERY | PERSISTENT | ANDROLOGY | RETROGRADE SCLEROTHERAPY | REPAIR | INFERTILITY | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | SPERMATIC VEIN | EXPERIENCE | Recurrence | Humans | Spermatic Cord - blood supply | Varicocele - therapy | Male | Spermatic Cord - surgery | Embolization, Therapeutic - adverse effects | Embolization, Therapeutic - methods | Contraindications | Varicocele - surgery | Physiological aspects | Varicocele | Complications and side effects | Care and treatment | Invited Review | interventional radiology; male infertility; therapeutic embolization; varicocele
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2. Full Text Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy of internal spermatic veins for varicocele treatment： technique, complications, and results
by Alessandro Crestani Gianluca Giannarini Mattia Calandriello Marta Rossanese Mariangela Mancini Giacomo Novara Vincenzo Ficarra
亚洲男性学杂志：英文版, ISSN 1008-682X, 2016, Volume 18, Issue 2, pp. 292 - 295
Varicocele repair is mainly indicated in young adult patients with clinical palpable varicocele and abnormal semen parameters. Varicocele treatment is... 
antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy | outcomes | male infertility | varicocele | MALE-INFERTILITY | REPAIR | METAANALYSIS | ANDROLOGY | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | Sclerotherapy - methods | Testis - blood supply | Scrotum - surgery | Humans | Varicocele - therapy | Adult | Male | Sclerotherapy - adverse effects | Veins - surgery | Phlebography | Varicocele | Complications and side effects | Care and treatment | Patient outcomes | Invited Original | antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy; male infertility; outcomes; varicocele
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3. Full Text Rare complication of varicocelectomy: Suture granuloma
by Eryilmaz, Recep and Demir, Murat and Aslan, Rahmi
Andrologia, ISSN 0303-4569, 06/2019, Volume 51, Issue 5, pp. e13256 - n/a
After varicocelectomy, complications such as hydrocele, testicular atrophy and recurrence can be seen. Our case was a 29‐year‐old male patient who had a... 
silk suture | suture granuloma | varicocelectomy | ANDROLOGY | Varicocele | Granuloma | Scrotum | Atrophy | Fistulae | Skin | Ultrasonography
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4. Full Text The tricuspid insufficiency—pulsating varicocele connection: A syndrome and its history
by Fred, Herbert L
Texas Heart Institute Journal, ISSN 0730-2347, 10/2017, Volume 44, Issue 5, pp. 302 - 305
Scrotum/blood supply | Diagnosis, differential | Pulsatile flow/ physiology | Tricuspid valve in-sufficiency/complications | History of medicine, 19th century | Varicocele/complications/ diagnosis/etiology/physiopa-thology | Veins/physiology | Varicose veins/com-plications | History of medicine, 20th century | Heart failure/ complications | Venous pressure | history of medicine, 19th century | venous pressure | tricuspid valve insufficiency/complications | CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS | pulsatile flow/physiology | varicocele/complications/diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology | heart failure/complications | ARM VEINS | varicose veins/complications | PRESSURE | history of medicine, 20th century | REGURGITATION | scrotum/blood supply | ABSENCE | VENOUS DOPPLER FLOW | veins/physiology | SCROTUM
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5. Full Text Treatment of male varicoceles by transcatheter polidocanol foam sclerotherapy: evaluation of clinical success, complications, and patients’ satisfaction with regard to alternative techniques
by Ali, Alma and Wirth, Stefan and Treitl, Karla Maria and Treitl, Marcus
European Radiology, ISSN 0938-7994, 10/2015, Volume 25, Issue 10, pp. 2889 - 2897
We report our experience with polidocanol foam sclerotherapy with no additional coils, evaluating clinical success, patients’ satisfaction, and... 
Varicocele | Polidocanol | Diagnostic Radiology | Internal Medicine | Sclerotherapy | Neuroradiology | Phlebography | Medicine & Public Health | Interventional | Radiology | Interventional Radiology | Imaging / Radiology | Ultrasound | PERSISTENT | VARICOCOELE | PERCUTANEOUS SCLEROTHERAPY | FOLLOW-UP | PREGNANCY | INTERNAL SPERMATIC VEIN | EXPERIENCE | RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING | RETROGRADE EMBOLIZATION | OCCLUSION | INTERVENTIONAL THERAPY | Sclerosing Solutions - administration & dosage | Sclerotherapy - methods | Recurrence | Catheterization - methods | Humans | Middle Aged | Atrophy - pathology | Polyethylene Glycols - adverse effects | Male | Treatment Outcome | Sclerotherapy - adverse effects | Polyethylene Glycols - administration & dosage | Feasibility Studies | Patient Satisfaction | Young Adult | Sclerosing Solutions - adverse effects | Testis - pathology | Varicocele - therapy | Adolescent | Adult | Retrospective Studies | Complications and side effects | Care and treatment | Patient satisfaction | Methods
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6. Full Text EAU Guidelines on Male Infertility
by Dohle, G.R and Colpi, G.M and Hargreave, T.B and Papp, G.K and Jungwirth, A and Weidner, W and EAU Working Group Male Infertility and EAU Working Group on Male Infertility
European Urology, ISSN 0302-2838, 2005, Volume 48, Issue 5, pp. 703 - 711
Varicocele | EAU guidelines | Azoospermia | Genetic disorders | Male infertility | Cryptorchidism | Urogenital infection | Hypogonadism | Oligospermia | urogenital infection | azoospermia | CONGENITAL BILATERAL ABSENCE | VAS-DEFERENS | genetic disorders | cryptorchidism | oligosperma | male infertility | INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION | CARCINOMA IN-SITU | FERTILITY | hypogonadism | MEN | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | CYSTIC-FIBROSIS | EJACULATORY DUCT OBSTRUCTION | varicocele | Spermatozoa - pathology | Prognosis | Cryptorchidism - complications | Humans | Infertility, Male - etiology | Male | Spermatozoa - metabolism | Infertility, Male - physiopathology | Pregnancy | Bacterial Infections - complications | Infertility, Male - epidemiology | Varicocele - complications | Oligospermia - complications | Hypogonadism - complications | Female | Infertility, Male - therapy | Spermatozoa - cytology | Infertility, Male
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7. Full Text Adolescent varicocele: A large multicenter analysis of complications and recurrence in academic programs
by Lurvey, Robert and Durbin-Johnson, Blythe and Kurzrock, Eric A
Journal of Pediatric Urology, ISSN 1477-5131, 2015, Volume 11, Issue 4, pp. 186.e1 - 186.e6
Summary Objective After varicocelectomy a wide range of recurrence rates have been reported from 0 to 18%, and rates of post-operative hydrocele formation... 
Pediatrics | Urology | Varicocele | Laparoscopy | Hydrocele | Surgery | METAANALYSIS | EMBOLIZATION | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | PEDIATRICS | EXPERIENCE | CHILDREN | Recurrence | United States - epidemiology | Postoperative Complications - etiology | Prognosis | Follow-Up Studies | Humans | Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male - methods | Male | Postoperative Complications - epidemiology | Incidence | Varicocele - surgery | Laparoscopy - methods | Time Factors | Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male - adverse effects | Adolescent | Retrospective Studies | Complications and side effects | Relapse | Diseases | laparoscopy | hydrocele | varicocele | surgery
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8. Full Text Penile lymphedeme: a very rare complication due to bilateral subinguinal varicocelectomy
by Atan, Ali and Polat, Fazlı and Yeşil, Süleyman
International Urology and Nephrology, ISSN 0301-1623, 2/2019, Volume 51, Issue 2, pp. 261 - 262
Medicine & Public Health | Nephrology | Urology | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | Varicocele | Penis
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9. Full Text Male infertility: Pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis
by Krausz, Csilla
Best Practice & Research: Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, ISSN 1521-690X, 2010, Volume 25, Issue 2, pp. 271 - 285
Infertility affects about 7% of all men. The etiology of impaired sperm production and function can be related to factors acting at pre-testicular,... 
Endocrinology & Metabolism | assisted reproductive techniques (ART) | hypogonadism | genetics | cryptorchidism | Y chromosome | caryotype | spermatogenesis | male infertility | VAS-DEFERENS | HUMAN Y-CHROMOSOME | SPERMATOGENIC FAILURE | PARTIAL AZFC DELETIONS | TESTICULAR SPERM EXTRACTION | REVERSIBLE KALLMANN-SYNDROME | KLINEFELTER-SYNDROME | MEN | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | CYSTIC-FIBROSIS | ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE | Chromosomes, Human, Y - genetics | Receptors, Androgen - genetics | Varicocele - complications | Cryptorchidism - complications | Humans | Semen Analysis | Vas Deferens - abnormalities | Hypogonadism - complications | Infertility, Male - etiology | Male | Infertility, Male - diagnosis | Reproductive Techniques, Assisted | Development and progression | Genetic disorders | Diagnosis | Infertility
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10. Full Text Subinguinal microvaricocelectomy versus retroperitoneal varicocelectomy: Comparative study of complications and surgical outcome
by Ghanem, H and Anis, T and El-Nashar, A and Shamloul, R
Urology, ISSN 0090-4295, 11/2004, Volume 64, Issue 5, pp. 1005 - 1009
To compare and assess objectively the postoperative outcome parameters of both microsurgical subinguinal artery sparing and retroperitoneal high ligation... 
MANAGEMENT | MEN | INFERTILITY | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | VEIN LIGATION | SPERMATIC VEIN | FERTILITY | MOTILITY | Varicocele - pathology | Inguinal Canal | Prospective Studies | Follow-Up Studies | Humans | Microsurgery - education | Risk Factors | Postoperative Complications - prevention & control | Infertility, Male - surgery | Male | Treatment Outcome | Secondary Prevention | Spermatic Cord | Varicocele - surgery | Retroperitoneal Space - blood supply | Ligation | Time Factors | Adult | Microsurgery - methods | Medicine, Experimental | Varicocele | Complications and side effects | Medical research | College teachers
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11. Full Text Early and Late Complications of Inguinal Varicocelectomy
by AMELAR, RICHARD D
The Journal of Urology, ISSN 0022-5347, 2003, Volume 170, Issue 2, pp. 366 - 369
I reviewed the early and late complications of inguinal and subinguinal varicocelectomy that I have personally encountered in an experience of more than 40... 
postoperative complications | vascularization | testis | castration | varicocele | Testis | Varicocele | Castration | Postoperative complications | Vascularization | TRANSPLANTS | MANAGEMENT | INTERNAL SPERMATIC VEIN | LIGATION | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | Atrophy | Urogenital Surgical Procedures - adverse effects | Recurrence | Intraoperative Complications | Testis - pathology | Humans | Male | Urogenital Surgical Procedures - methods | Postoperative Complications | Testicular Hydrocele - etiology | Varicocele - surgery
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12. Full Text Contribution of environmental factors to the risk of male infertility
by Oliva, Alejandro and Spira, Alfred and Multigner, Luc
Human Reproduction, ISSN 0268-1161, 8/2001, Volume 16, Issue 8, pp. 1768 - 1776
BACKGROUND: An increasing number of reports suggest that chemical and physical agents in the environment, introduced and spread by human activity, may affect... 
Environment | Spermatozoa | Hormones | Male infertility | POPULATION | hormones | WORKERS | male infertility | SEMEN QUALITY | FERTILITY | PREGNANCY | OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY | environment | REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY | spermatozoa | DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE | ETHYLENE-GLYCOL ETHERS | EXPOSURE | Body Mass Index | Estradiol - blood | Smoking - adverse effects | Sperm Motility | Argentina | Orchitis - complications | Luteinizing Hormone - blood | Cryptorchidism - complications | Obesity - complications | Spermatogenesis | Humans | Risk Factors | Infertility, Male - etiology | Solvents - adverse effects | Logistic Models | Male | Environmental Exposure | Varicocele - complications | Epididymitis - complications | Agriculture | Pesticides - adverse effects | Infertility, Male - blood
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13. Full Text Superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis: a little‐known complication of subinguinal varicocelectomy
by Arango, Octavio and Lorente, José A and Nohales, Gloria and Rijo, Enrique and Bielsa, Oscar
BJU International, ISSN 1464-4096, 01/2011, Volume 107, Issue 1, pp. 95 - 98
What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis (SDPVT) has been described in connection with different... 
superficial dorsal penile vein | complications | mini‐Doppler | varicocelectomy | thrombophlebitis | mini-Doppler | MONDORS-DISEASE | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | MICROSURGICAL VARICOCELECTOMY | Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color | Vascular Surgical Procedures - adverse effects | Humans | Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male - adverse effects | Male | Retrospective Studies | Penile Diseases - etiology | Penis - blood supply | Venous Thrombosis - etiology | Cohort Studies | Varicocele - surgery | Varicocele | Thrombosis | Blood clot
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14. Full Text Increased IL‐18 Levels in Seminal Plasma of Infertile Men with Genital Tract Infections
by Matalliotakis, Ioannis M and Cakmak, Hakan and Fragouli, Yvoni and Kourtis, Argiris and Arici, Aydin and Huszar, Gabor
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, ISSN 1046-7408, 06/2006, Volume 55, Issue 6, pp. 428 - 433
Problem Interleukin (IL)-18 is a novel cytokine, previously known as interferon (IFN)-gamma inducing factor. We evaluated the levels of IL-18 and IFN-gamma in... 
seminal plasma | urogenital infection | Interferon | interleukin‐18 | Seminal plasma | Interleukin-18 | Interferon-γ | Urogenital infection | IFN-GAMMA PRODUCTION | CYTOKINE | IMMUNOLOGY | ENDOMETRIOSIS | REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY | interleukin-18 | SEMEN | PERITONEAL-FLUID | INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR | FERTILE | interferon-gamma | EXPRESSION | SPERM MOTILITY | T-CELLS | Humans | Middle Aged | Infertility, Male - etiology | Male | Semen - immunology | Interferon-gamma - metabolism | Genital Diseases, Male - complications | Infertility, Male - immunology | Varicocele - immunology | Infection - diagnosis | Adult | Mumps - immunology | Orchitis - complications | Cryptorchidism - complications | Infection - immunology | Klinefelter Syndrome - complications | Infertility, Male - complications | Genital Diseases, Male - immunology | Varicocele - complications | Cryptorchidism - immunology | Adolescent | Mumps - complications | Orchitis - immunology | Klinefelter Syndrome - immunology | Genital Diseases, Male - diagnosis | Infection - complications | Interleukin-18 - metabolism
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15. Full Text Bilateral Testicular Microlithiasis Predicts the Presence of the Precursor of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in Subfertile Men
by BRAZAO, C. A. de GOUVEIA and PIERIK, F.H and OOSTERHUIS, J.W and DOHLE, G.R and LOOIJENGA, L.H.J and WEBER, R.F.A
The Journal of Urology, ISSN 0022-5347, 2004, Volume 171, Issue 1, pp. 158 - 160
A high prevalence of testicular microlithiasis has been described in adolescent and adult clinical cases of invasive testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT), that is... 
carcinoma in situ | testis | germinoma | ultrasonography | lithiasis | Testis | Lithiasis | Carcinoma in situ | Germinoma | Ultrasonography | POPULATION | PREVALENCE | CRYPTORCHIDISM | CANCER | ULTRASOUND | NEOPLASIA | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | CARCINOMA | Testicular Diseases - complications | Prognosis | Cross-Sectional Studies | Carcinoma in Situ - pathology | Cryptorchidism - complications | Testicular Diseases - pathology | Humans | Infertility, Male - complications | Middle Aged | Male | Calculi - complications | Testicular Neoplasms - pathology | Calculi - pathology | Varicocele - complications | Germinoma - pathology | Biopsy | Adult | Retrospective Studies | Precancerous Conditions | Germ cell tumors
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16. Full Text The Prevalence and Association of Varicoceles on Male Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia/Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
by Han, Hu and Yu, Ze-xing and Gong, Li-huan and Lu, Rui-gang and Li, Ming-qiu and Fan, Chun-zhi and Xie, Da-wei and Zhou, Xiao-guang and Zhang, Xiao-dong and Tian, Long
Urology, ISSN 0090-4295, 2015, Volume 90, pp. 97 - 100
Objective To investigate the association between the prevalence of varicocele and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in... 
Urology | SYSTEM | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | TESTOSTERONE | OCCLUSION | MEN | Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms - complications | Prevalence | Varicocele - complications | Humans | Middle Aged | Aged, 80 and over | Adult | Male | Aged | China - epidemiology | Varicocele - epidemiology | Prostatic Hyperplasia - complications | Varicocele
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