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ventilation (60) 60
artificial respiration (58) 58
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anesthesiology (55) 55
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health aspects (45) 45
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injury (40) 40
lung - metabolism (40) 40
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respiratory mechanics (38) 38
rodents (38) 38
randomized controlled-trial (37) 37
acute lung injury - etiology (36) 36
infant, newborn (36) 36
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treatment outcome (36) 36
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tidal volume - physiology (35) 35
random allocation (34) 34
pulmonary-edema (33) 33
induced lung injury (32) 32
positive-pressure respiration (32) 32
analysis (30) 30
ards (30) 30
ventilators, mechanical - adverse effects (30) 30
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aged (28) 28
activation (27) 27
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid - chemistry (27) 27
complications and side effects (27) 27
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expression (26) 26
surgery (26) 26
pulmonary edema - etiology (25) 25
pulmonary gas exchange (25) 25
tidal volumes (25) 25
apoptosis (24) 24
gene expression (24) 24
prospective studies (24) 24
rabbits (24) 24
recruitment (24) 24
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positive end-expiratory pressure (23) 23
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1. Full Text Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury
by Slutsky, Arthur S and Ranieri, V. Marco
The New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, 11/2013, Volume 369, Issue 22, pp. 2126 - 2136
Mechanical ventilation may cause injury to the ventilated lung. This article reviews the probable causes of such injury and ways to prevent it. The purpose of... 
HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION | LOWER TIDAL VOLUMES | MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL | END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE | NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING-AGENTS | EXTRACORPOREAL CO2 REMOVAL | MECHANICAL VENTILATION | RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL | PROTECTIVE-VENTILATION | PULMONARY-EDEMA | RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME | Lung - pathology | Animals | Humans | Positive-Pressure Respiration - adverse effects | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - prevention & control | Tidal Volume | Lung - physiology | Pulmonary Edema - etiology | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - etiology | Ventilators | Research | Health aspects | Lung diseases | Risk factors | Respiratory therapy | Edema | Epidemics | Lungs | Poliomyelitis | Mortality | Ventilation | Physiology | Patients | Esophagus
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2. Full Text Hyperoxic acute lung injury
by Kallet, Richard H and Matthay, Michael A
Respiratory Care, ISSN 0020-1324, 01/2013, Volume 58, Issue 1, pp. 123 - 140
Prolonged breathing of very high F-IO2 (F-IO2 >= 0.9) uniformly causes severe hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALL) and, without a reduction of F-IO2, is usually... 
Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Acute lung injury | Reactive oxygen species | Ventilator-induced lung injury | Oxygen toxicity | Hyperoxia | CONTROLLED-TRIAL | OXIDATIVE STRESS | RAT LUNGS | hyperoxia | ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS | oxygen toxicity | MECHANICAL VENTILATION | acute lung injury | PULMONARY OXYGEN-TOXICITY | CELL-DEATH | END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE | RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | reactive oxygen species | acute respiratory distress syndrome | HYALINE-MEMBRANE | ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION | ventilator-induced lung injury | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Acute Lung Injury - physiopathology | Hyperoxia - etiology | Hyperoxia - physiopathology | Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism | Cytokines - metabolism | Humans | Reactive Oxygen Species - adverse effects | Oxygen - adverse effects | Oxygen - administration & dosage | Animals | Oxygen Inhalation Therapy - adverse effects | Time Factors | Partial Pressure | Acute Lung Injury - etiology | Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism | Antioxidants | Care and treatment | Lung diseases | Research | Health aspects | Artificial respiration | Risk factors
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3. Full Text Mechanical ventilation to minimize progression of lung injury in acute respiratory failure
by Brochard, Laurent and Slutsky, Arthur and Pesenti, Antonio
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 1073-449X, 02/2017, Volume 195, Issue 4, pp. 438 - 442
Mechanical ventilation is used to sustain life in patients with acute respiratory failure. A major concern in mechanically ventilated patients is the risk of... 
Noninvasive ventilation | Gas exchange | Ventilator-induced lung injury | Hyperventilation | TRANSPULMONARY | TIDAL VOLUME | RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | hyperventilation | noninvasive ventilation | MODEL | ventilator-induced lung injury | gas exchange | PULMONARY-EDEMA | DRIVING PRESSURE | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Respiration, Artificial - methods | Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects | Humans | Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult - complications | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - prevention & control | Disease Progression | Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult - therapy | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - etiology
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4. Full Text Ventilator-related causes of lung injury: the mechanical power
by Gattinoni, L and Tonetti, T and Cressoni, M and Cadringher, P and Herrmann, P and Moerer, O and Protti, A and Gotti, M and Chiurazzi, C and Carlesso, E and Chiumello, D and Quintel, M
Intensive Care Medicine, ISSN 0342-4642, 10/2016, Volume 42, Issue 10, pp. 1567 - 1575
We hypothesized that the ventilator-related causes of lung injury may be unified in a single variable: the mechanical power. We assessed whether the mechanical... 
Pediatrics | Pain Medicine | Emergency Medicine | Pneumology/Respiratory System | Medicine & Public Health | Intensive / Critical Care Medicine | VILI | Respiratory mechanics | Anesthesiology | Mechanical ventilation | ARDS | TIDAL VOLUME | MODEL | ADULT | RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME | END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE | HIGH AIRWAY PRESSURE | STRESS | STRAIN | BABY LUNG | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Humans | Middle Aged | Logistic Models | Male | Lung - physiopathology | Positive-Pressure Respiration - methods | Ventilators, Mechanical - adverse effects | Case-Control Studies | Airway Resistance - physiology | Adult | Female | Aged | Respiratory Mechanics - physiology | Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult - therapy | Tidal Volume - physiology | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - etiology | Complications and side effects | Research | Lung diseases | Artificial respiration | Risk factors
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5. Full Text Spontaneous breathing during lung-protective ventilation in an experimental acute lung injury model: High transpulmonary pressure associated with strong spontaneous breathing effort may worsen lung injury
by Yoshida, Takeshi and Uchiyama, Akinori and Matsuura, Nariaki and Mashimo, Takashi and Fujino, Yuji
Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 0090-3493, 05/2012, Volume 40, Issue 5, pp. 1578 - 1585
OBJECTIVE:We investigated whether potentially injurious transpulmonary pressure could be generated by strong spontaneous breathing and exacerbate lung injury... 
lung-protective ventilation | acute respiratory distress syndrome | Acute lung injury | transpulmonary pressure | spontaneous breathing | ventilator-induced lung injury | PERFUSION DISTRIBUTIONS | AERATION | AIRWAY PRESSURE | MECHANICAL VENTILATION | acute lung injury | STRATEGIES | SUPPORT | NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING-AGENTS | RELEASE VENTILATION | HARM | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Rabbits | Acute Lung Injury - physiopathology | Lung - pathology | Acute Lung Injury - therapy | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - physiopathology | Respiratory Rate - physiology | Male | Lung - physiopathology | Acute Lung Injury - pathology | Respiratory Physiological Phenomena | Pulmonary Gas Exchange - physiology | Animals | Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects | Respiratory Mechanics - physiology | Disease Models, Animal | Tidal Volume - physiology | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - etiology
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6. Full Text Lung Stress and Strain During Mechanical Ventilation: Any Difference Between Statics and Dynamics?
by Protti, Alessandro and Andreis, Davide T and Monti, Massimo and Santini, Alessandro and Sparacino, Cristina C and Langer, Thomas and Votta, Emiliano and Gatti, Stefano and Lombardi, Luciano and Leopardi, Orazio and Masson, Serge and Cressoni, Massimo and Gattinoni, Luciano
Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 0090-3493, 04/2013, Volume 41, Issue 4, pp. 1046 - 1055
OBJECTIVE:Tidal volume (VT) and volume of gas caused by positive end-expiratory pressure (VPEEP) generate dynamic and static lung strains, respectively. Our... 
transpulmonary pressure | positive end-expiratory pressure | mechanical ventilation | lung strain | lung stress | ventilator-induced lung injury | healthy lung | RECRUITMENT | INJURY | RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL | TIDAL VOLUMES | FAILURE | PULMONARY-EDEMA | RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME | END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE | AIRWAY PRESSURES | FREQUENCY | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Acute Lung Injury - diagnostic imaging | Respiration, Artificial - methods | Stress, Physiological | Pulmonary Edema - diagnostic imaging | Tidal Volume | Acute Lung Injury - pathology | Pulmonary Edema - etiology | Radiography | Animals | Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects | Swine | Pulmonary Edema - pathology | Pulmonary Gas Exchange | Hemodynamics | Respiratory Mechanics | Acute Lung Injury - etiology | Disease Models, Animal
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7. Full Text The pulmonary endothelial glycocalyx regulates neutrophil adhesion and lung injury during experimental sepsis
by Schmidt, Eric P and Yang, Yimu and Janssen, William J and Gandjeva, Aneta and Perez, Mario J and Barthel, Lea and Zemans, Rachel L and Bowman, Joel C and Koyanagi, Dan E and Yunt, Zulma X and Smith, Lynelle P and Cheng, Sara S and Overdier, Katherine H and Thompson, Kathy R and Geraci, Mark W and Douglas, Ivor S and Pearse, David B and Tuder, Rubin M
Nature Medicine, ISSN 1078-8956, 08/2012, Volume 18, Issue 8, pp. 1217 - 1223
Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response to infection, commonly progresses to acute lung injury (ALI), an inflammatory lung disease with high morbidity. We... 
MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | ACTIVATION | PROTEIN-KINASE | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | ICAM-1 | MODEL | MOLECULES | CELL BIOLOGY | LEUKOCYTES | IN-VIVO | HEPARAN-SULFATE | CELL | UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN | Intestinal Perforation - complications | Humans | Heparitin Sulfate - antagonists & inhibitors | Male | Adoptive Transfer | Heparitin Sulfate - metabolism | Pulmonary Alveoli - enzymology | Glucuronidase - deficiency | Glucuronidase - analysis | Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I - deficiency | Glucuronidase - physiology | Respiratory Insufficiency - enzymology | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - enzymology | Acute Lung Injury - prevention & control | Endotoxemia - physiopathology | Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - biosynthesis | Endothelium - enzymology | Disease Models, Animal | Acute Lung Injury - physiopathology | Lipopolysaccharides - toxicity | Pulmonary Alveoli - pathology | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Neutrophils - physiology | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - pathology | Lung - physiopathology | Mice, Knockout | Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects | Respiratory Insufficiency - pathology | Glycocalyx - physiology | Animals | Cell Adhesion - physiology | Endotoxemia - complications | Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I - physiology | Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - genetics | Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - physiology | Mice | Enzyme Activation | Acute Lung Injury - etiology | Intestinal Perforation - microbiology | Endothelium - physiology | Care and treatment | Glycocalyx | Cellular control mechanisms | Neutrophils | Cell adhesion | Physiological aspects | Sepsis | Development and progression | Research | Properties | Respiratory physiology | Endothelium | Leucocytes | Glycoproteins | Lung diseases | Cell adhesion & migration | Immune system
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8. Full Text Lung opening and closing during ventilation of acute respiratory distress syndrome
by Caironi, Pietro and Cressoni, Massimo and Chiumello, Davide and Ranieri, Marco and Quintel, Michael and Russo, Sebastiano G and Cornejo, Rodrigo and Bugedo, Guillermo and Carlesso, Eleonora and Russo, Riccarda and Caspani, Luisa and Gattinoni, Luciano
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 1073-449X, 03/2010, Volume 181, Issue 6, pp. 578 - 586
Rationale The effects of high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) strictly depend on lung recruitability, which varies widely during acute respiratory... 
Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Acute lung injury | Ventilator-induced lung injury | Mechanical ventilation | REGIONAL-DISTRIBUTION | TIDAL VOLUME | mechanical ventilation | STRATEGY | TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE | INJURY | RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL | acute lung injury | PULMONARY-EDEMA | END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE | RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | acute respiratory distress syndrome | ventilator-induced lung injury | RECRUITMENT MANEUVERS | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult - physiopathology | Humans | Middle Aged | Risk Factors | Respiratory Function Tests - methods | Positive-Pressure Respiration - adverse effects | Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods | Lung - diagnostic imaging | Lung - physiopathology | Positive-Pressure Respiration - methods | Analysis of Variance | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - diagnostic imaging | Odds Ratio | Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult - therapy | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - etiology
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9. Full Text Mechanical ventilation using non-injurious ventilation settings causes lung injury in the absence of pre-existing lung injury in healthy mice
by Wolthuis, Esther K and Vlaar, Alexander Pj and Choi, Goda and Roelofs, Joris J. T. H and Juffermans, Nicole P and Schultz, Marcus J
Critical care (London, England), ISSN 1364-8535, 2009, Volume 13, Issue 1, pp. R1 - R1
Introduction Mechanical ventilation (MV) may cause ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Present models of VILI use exceptionally large tidal volumes, causing... 
LOWER TIDAL VOLUMES | HYPERCAPNIC ACIDOSIS | IN-VIVO MODEL | NEUTROPHIL INFILTRATION | INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES | RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL | PULMONARY INFLAMMATION | ORGAN DYSFUNCTION | PROTECTIVE VENTILATION | RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Lung Injury - pathology | Animals | Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Lung Injury - metabolism | Male | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - pathology | Mice | Mice, Inbred BALB C | Lung Injury - etiology | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - metabolism | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - etiology | Prevention | Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Complications and side effects | Acidosis | Risk factors | Artificial respiration | Research
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10. Full Text Lung Inhomogeneities and Time Course of Ventilator-induced Mechanical Injuries
by Cressoni, Massimo and Chiurazzi, Chiara and Gotti, Miriam and Amini, Martina and Brioni, Matteo and Algieri, Ilaria and Cammaroto, Antonio and Rovati, Cristina and Massari, Dario and di Castiglione, Caterina Bacile and Nikolla, Klodiana and Montaruli, Claudia and Lazzerini, Marco and Dondossola, Daniele and Colombo, Angelo and Gatti, Stefano and Valerio, Vincenza and Gagliano, Nicoletta and Carlesso, Eleonora and Gattinoni, Luciano
Anesthesiology, ISSN 0003-3022, 09/2015, Volume 123, Issue 3, pp. 618 - 627
BACKGROUND:During mechanical ventilation, stress and strain may be locally multiplied in an inhomogeneous lung. The authors investigated whether, in healthy... 
TRIAL | PRESSURE | HYPERVENTILATION | INFLAMMATION | SHEEP | ANESTHESIOLOGY | STRESS | FAILURE | STRAIN | RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME | IMPAIRMENT | Animals, Newborn | Lung - pathology | Animals | Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects | Time Factors | Swine | Respiration, Artificial - trends | Female | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - pathology | Ventilators, Mechanical - adverse effects | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - etiology | Ventilators, Mechanical - trends
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11. Full Text Mechanical stress induces lung fibrosis by epithelial–mesenchymal transition
by Cabrera-Benítez, Nuria E and Parotto, Matteo and Post, Martin and Han, Bing and Spieth, Peter M and Cheng, Wei-Erh and Valladares, Francisco and Villar, Jesús and Liu, Mingayo and Sato, Masaaki and Zhang, Haibo and Slutsky, Arthur S
Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 0090-3493, 02/2012, Volume 40, Issue 2, pp. 510 - 517
OBJECTIVES:Many mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome develop pulmonary fibrosis. Stresses induced by mechanical... 
acute lung injury | ventilatorinduced lung injury | extracellular matrix | MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION | INJURY | CIRCULATING FIBROCYTES | CELL APOPTOSIS | TIDAL VOLUMES | RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME | GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA | VENTILATION | AIRWAY PRESSURES | ventilator-induced lung injury | IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY-FIBROSIS | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Immunohistochemistry | Severity of Illness Index | Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition - physiology | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Cells, Cultured | Positive-Pressure Respiration - adverse effects | Stress, Mechanical | Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional | Reference Values | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - pathology | Pulmonary Fibrosis - pathology | Positive-Pressure Respiration - methods | Random Allocation | Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | Blotting, Western | Animals | Sensitivity and Specificity | Mice | Biopsy, Needle | Respiratory Mechanics | Pulmonary Fibrosis - etiology | Disease Models, Animal | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - etiology | Acute lung injury
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12. Full Text Syndecan-2–positive, Bone Marrow–derived Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Attenuate Bacterial-induced Acute Lung Injury and Enhance Resolution of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury in Rats
by Masterson, Claire and Devaney, James and Horie, Shahd and O’Flynn, Lisa and Deedigan, Laura and Elliman, Steve and Barry, Frank and O’Brien, Timothy and O’Toole, Daniel and Laffey, John G
Anesthesiology, ISSN 0003-3022, 07/2018, Volume 129, Issue 3, pp. 502 - 516
WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT THIS TOPIC WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW BACKGROUND:Human mesenchymal stromal cells demonstrate promise for acute... 
MORTALITY | HYPERCAPNIC ACIDOSIS | STEM-CELLS | RISK-FACTORS | THERAPEUTIC-EFFICACY | ANESTHESIOLOGY | IMPROVES SURVIVAL | SYSTEMIC SEPSIS | PNEUMONIA | SEVERITY | RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME | A549 Cells | Acute Lung Injury - therapy | Humans | Rats | Male | Escherichia coli Infections - metabolism | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Syndecan-2 - biosynthesis | Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation - methods | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - microbiology | Escherichia coli Infections - therapy | Acute Lung Injury - microbiology | Animals | Escherichia coli - isolation & purification | U937 Cells | Bone Marrow - metabolism | Acute Lung Injury - etiology | Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - metabolism | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - therapy | Ventilators | Care and treatment | Usage | Escherichia coli | Lung diseases | Bone marrow cells | Research | Health aspects | Risk factors
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13. Full Text Role of Strain Rate in the Pathogenesis of Ventilator-Induced Lung Edema
by Protti, Alessandro and Maraffi, Tommaso and Milesi, Marta and Votta, Emiliano and Santini, Alessandro and Pugni, Paola and Andreis, Davide T and Nicosia, Francesco and Zannin, Emanuela and Gatti, Stefano and Vaira, Valentina and Ferrero, Stefano and Gattinoni, Luciano
Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 0090-3493, 04/2016, Volume 44, Issue 9, pp. e838 - e845
OBJECTIVE:Lungs behave as viscoelastic polymers. Harms of mechanical ventilation could then depend on not only amplitude (strain) but also velocity (strain... 
pulmonary edema | mechanical ventilation | ventilator-induced lung injury | lung viscoelasticity | inspiratory flow | lung hysteresis | COLLAGEN | TISSUE | VOLUME | INJURY | MODEL | RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME | PRESSURE | STRESS | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - physiopathology | Humans | Stress, Mechanical | Pulmonary Edema - etiology | Pulmonary Edema - physiopathology | Functional Residual Capacity - physiology | Lung Compliance - physiology | Animals | Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects | Swine | Respiratory Mechanics - physiology | Tidal Volume - physiology | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - etiology
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14. Full Text The comparison of spontaneous breathing and muscle paralysis in two different severities of experimental lung injury
by Yoshida, Takeshi and Uchiyama, Akinori and Matsuura, Nariaki and Mashimo, Takashi and Fujino, Yuji
Critical Care Medicine, ISSN 0090-3493, 02/2013, Volume 41, Issue 2, pp. 536 - 545
Objectives: The benefits of spontaneous breathing over muscle paralysis have been proven mainly in mild lung injury; no one has yet evaluated the effects of... 
transpulmonary pressure | lung injury | spontaneous breathing | muscle paralysis | esophageal pressure | PERFUSION DISTRIBUTIONS | MECHANICAL VENTILATION | PRESSURE RELEASE VENTILATION | PROTECTIVE-VENTILATION | RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME | NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING-AGENTS | SUPPORT VENTILATION | POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE | GAS-EXCHANGE | CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | Prospective Studies | Acute Lung Injury - therapy | Bronchoalveolar Lavage | Pulmonary Surfactants - metabolism | Tomography, X-Ray Computed | Positive-Pressure Respiration | Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents - pharmacology | Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects | Pulmonary Atelectasis - pathology | Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - cytology | Neutrophils - metabolism | Respiratory Mechanics - physiology | Disease Models, Animal | Tidal Volume - physiology | Severity of Illness Index | Rabbits | Respiratory System Agents - pharmacology | Acute Lung Injury - physiopathology | Pancuronium - pharmacology | Acute-Phase Proteins - metabolism | Random Allocation | Acute Lung Injury - pathology | Respiratory Physiological Phenomena | Pulmonary Gas Exchange - physiology | Animals | Doxapram - pharmacology | Respiratory Paralysis - chemically induced | Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury - etiology
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