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1. Auditory and vestibular efferents
by Fay, Richard R and Popper, Arthur N and Ryugo, David K
2011, Springer handbook of auditory research, ISBN 9781441970695, Volume 38, xvi, 359
This book focuses on auditory and vestibular efferents, topics linked together by the inner ear connection. Top researchers in the field review the history of... 
Labyrinth (Ear) | Auditory pathways | physiology | Ear, Inner | Neurons, Efferent | Vestibular apparatus | Vestibulocochlear Nerve | Vestibulocochlear Nerve - physiology | Neurosciences | Otorhinolaryngology | Acoustics | Medicine & Public Health | Efferent pathways
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2. Full Text Segmental Analysis of the Vestibular Nerve and the Efferents of the Vestibular Complex
by Díaz, Carmen and Puelles, Luis
The Anatomical Record, ISSN 1932-8486, 03/2019, Volume 302, Issue 3, pp. 472 - 484
ABSTRACT Use of a segmental approach in the study of vestibular centers in the hindbrain improves morphological and functional understanding of this region... 
VIII nerve | vestibular projection neurons | vestibular nuclei | hindbrain | Vestibular projection neurons | Hindbrain | Vestibular nuclei | ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY | HEN GALLUS-DOMESTICUS | BRAIN-STEM | CHICK-EMBRYOS | CENTRAL PROJECTIONS | HOX GENES | RHOMBOMERIC ORGANIZATION | CRANIAL NERVE | AVIAN MEDULLA-OBLONGATA | VESTIBULOSPINAL PROJECTIONS | N-CADHERIN | Vestibular nerve | Subpopulations | Synaptogenesis | Evolutionary genetics | Vestibular system | Inner ear
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3. Auditory and vestibular efferents
by Ryugo, David K and Fay, Richard R and Popper, Arthur N
2011, Springer handbook of auditory research, ISBN 9781441970701, Volume 38
Labyrinth (Ear) | Auditory pathways | physiology | Ear, Inner | Neurons, Efferent | Vestibular apparatus | Vestibulocochlear Nerve
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4. Full Text Efferent Inputs Are Required for Normal Function of Vestibular Nerve Afferents
by Raghu, V and Salvi, R and Sadeghi, SG
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, ISSN 0270-6474, 08/2019, Volume 39, Issue 35, pp. 6922 - 6935
A group of vestibular afferent nerve fibers with irregular-firing resting discharges are thought to play a prominent role in responses to fast head movements... 
ACTION-POTENTIALS | DETECTION THRESHOLDS | thermal inhibition | irregular | vestibular nerve | LASER STIMULATION | NEUROSCIENCES | CRISTAE AMPULLARES | HAIR-CELLS | ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS | INNERVATION PATTERNS | SEMICIRCULAR CANALS | efferent | ROTATIONAL RESPONSES | afferent | VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX | Vestibular nerve | Signaling | Signal transduction | Plasticity | Head movement | Sensory neurons | Plastic properties | Vestibular system | Inhibition | Discharge | Fibers
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5. Full Text Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and M-currents underlie efferent-mediated slow excitation in calyx-bearing vestibular afferents
by Holt, J. Chris and Jordan, Paivi M and Lysakowski, Anna and Shah, Amit and Barsz, Kathy and Contini, Donatella
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 02/2017, Volume 37, Issue 7, pp. 1873 - 1887
Stimulation of vestibular efferent neurons excites calyx and dimorphic (CD) afferents. This excitation consists of fast and slow components that differ... 
Calyx | Acetylcholine | Vestibular afferent | Muscarinic | Vestibular efferent | M-current | NERVE AFFERENTS | GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE | MOTION SICKNESS | K+ CURRENTS | calyx | NEUROSCIENCES | vestibular afferent | vestibular efferent | muscarinic | CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS | II HAIR-CELLS | MESSENGER-RNA | CALCIUM PERMEABILITY | ACH RECEPTOR | OPIOID RECEPTORS | acetylcholine | Neurons, Afferent - drug effects | Electric Stimulation | Neurons, Efferent - drug effects | Synaptic Transmission - physiology | Calbindin 2 - metabolism | Cholinergic Agents - pharmacology | Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels - metabolism | Male | Receptors, Muscarinic - metabolism | Biophysics | Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - drug effects | Neural Pathways - physiology | Neurons, Afferent - physiology | Evoked Potentials - drug effects | Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - physiology | Vestibule, Labyrinth - cytology | Patch-Clamp Techniques | Animals | Analysis of Variance | KCNQ Potassium Channels - metabolism | Neurons, Efferent - physiology | Turtles | Female | Synaptic Transmission - drug effects
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6. Full Text Pharmacologically distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptors drive efferent-mediated excitation in calyx-bearing vestibular afferents
by Chris Holt, J and Kewin, Kevin and Jordan, Paivi M and Cameron, Peter and Klapczynski, Marcin and McIntosh, J. Michael and Crooks, Peter A and Dwoskin, Linda P and Lysakowski, Anna
Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, 2015, Volume 35, Issue 8, pp. 3625 - 3643
Electrical stimulation of vestibular efferent neurons rapidly excites the resting discharge of calyx/dimorphic (CD) afferents. In turtle, this excitation... 
Calyx | α6 nAChR | Vestibular afferent | Vestibular efferent | α9 nAChR | ACh | CHOLINERGIC-RECEPTOR | SQUIRREL-MONKEY | alpha 6 nAChR | PERIPHERAL INNERVATION PATTERNS | FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION | alpha 9 nAChR | calyx | SUBUNIT MESSENGER-RNA | NEUROSCIENCES | vestibular afferent | vestibular efferent | COCHLEAR HAIR-CELLS | TURTLE POSTERIOR-CRISTA | SEMICIRCULAR CANALS | 3 BETA 2 | ALPHA-CONOTOXIN-MII | Motor Neurons - physiology | Picolines - pharmacology | Receptors, Cholinergic - metabolism | Varenicline | Male | Presynaptic Terminals - physiology | Azetidines - pharmacology | Benzazepines - pharmacology | Vestibular Nerve - physiology | Cholinergic Antagonists - pharmacology | Protein Subunits - metabolism | Vestibular Nerve - cytology | Conotoxins - pharmacology | Motor Neurons - metabolism | Quinoxalines - pharmacology | Animals | Presynaptic Terminals - metabolism | Turtles | Female | Vestibular Nerve - metabolism | Pyridines - pharmacology | Cholinergic Agonists - pharmacology | Motor Neurons - drug effects | Bungarotoxins - pharmacology
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7. Full Text Evolution and Development of Hair Cell Polarity and Efferent Function in the Inner Ear
by Sienknecht, Ulrike J and Köppl, Christine and Fritzsch, Bernd
Brain, Behavior and Evolution, ISSN 0006-8977, 04/2014, Volume 83, Issue 2, pp. 150 - 161
The function of the inner ear critically depends on mechanoelectrically transducing hair cells and their afferent and efferent innervation. The first part of... 
Further Section | Basilar papilla | Efferent development | Medial olivocochlear efferents | Wnt signaling | Lateral olivocochlear efferents | Hair cell orientation | Octavolateral efferents | Sensory epithelia | Inner ear efferent evolution | Planar cell polarity | Vestibular efferents | SYSTEM | HEARING ORGAN | STEREOCILIARY BUNDLES | NEUROSCIENCES | MORPHOGENESIS | ZOOLOGY | LATERAL-LINE | OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS | BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES | OLIVOCOCHLEAR NEURONS | PLANAR POLARITY | VERTEBRATE | Cell Polarity | Hair Cells, Auditory - cytology | Ear, Inner - metabolism | Animals | Humans | Ear, Inner - growth & development
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8. Full Text The mammalian efferent vestibular system plays a crucial role in vestibulo-ocular reflex compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy
by Hübner, Patrick P and Khan, Serajul I and Migliaccio, Americo A
Journal of Neurophysiology, ISSN 0022-3077, 04/2017, Volume 117, Issue 4, pp. 1553 - 1568
The alpha 9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha 9-nAChR) subunit is expressed in the vestibular and auditory periphery, and its loss of function could... 
α9 knockout mice | Mammalian efferent vestibular system | Vestibular compensation | Vestibular plasticity | Vestibulo-ocular reflex | SQUIRREL-MONKEY | NEURONAL-ACTIVITY | PHYSIOLOGY | mammalian efferent vestibular system | vestibular plasticity | alpha 9 knockout mice | VERGENCE-MEDIATED MODULATION | NUCLEUS NEURONS | vestibulo-ocular reflex | GUINEA-PIG | NEUROSCIENCES | HIGH-ACCELERATION ROTATIONS | IN-VITRO | vestibular compensation | HIGH-FREQUENCY | MEMBRANE-PROPERTIES | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular - physiology | Nystagmus, Physiologic | Efferent Pathways - physiology | Vestibule, Labyrinth - surgery | Adaptation, Physiological - physiology | Linear Models | Male | Reaction Time | Rotation | Functional Laterality - genetics | Mice, Knockout | Animals | Time Factors | Vestibule, Labyrinth - physiology | Adaptation, Physiological - genetics | Mice, Inbred CBA | Receptors, Nicotinic - deficiency | Female | Functional Laterality - physiology | Mice | Receptors, Nicotinic - genetics
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9. Full Text Vestibular efferents contain peripherin
by Leonard, Robert B and Kevetter, Golda Anne
Neuroscience Letters, ISSN 0304-3940, 2006, Volume 408, Issue 2, pp. 104 - 107
Vestibular efferents have a common origin with the motoneurons of the facial nerve. In adults they share a number of common features, such as the same... 
Neurofilament | Rhombomere | Intermediate filament | Branchiomeric | SQUIRREL-MONKEY | GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE | BRAIN-STEM | GUINEA-PIG | HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE | NEUROSCIENCES | INNERVATION PATTERNS | intermediate filament | MESSENGER-RNA | neurofilament | SEMICIRCULAR CANALS | rhombomere | SUBSTANCE-P | MOLECULAR PROBES | branchiomeric | Membrane Glycoproteins - analysis | Peripherins | Nerve Tissue Proteins - analysis | Intermediate Filament Proteins - analysis | Male | Efferent Pathways - cytology | Vestibular Nerve - cytology | Vestibule, Labyrinth - anatomy & histology | Animals | Gerbillinae | Staining and Labeling | Female | Vestibular Nerve - chemistry | Efferent Pathways - chemistry | Immunohistochemistry | Intermediate filament proteins
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10. Full Text Efferent innervation of turtle semicircular canal cristae: Comparisons with bird and mouse
by Jordan, Paivi M and Fettis, Margaret and Holt, Joseph C
Journal of Comparative Neurology, ISSN 0021-9967, 06/2015, Volume 523, Issue 8, pp. 1258 - 1280
ABSTRACT In the vestibular periphery of nearly every vertebrate, cholinergic vestibular efferent neurons give rise to numerous presynaptic varicosities that... 
AB_477483 | turtle | hair cell | AB_2200400 | AB_10015251 | AB_2314177 | vestibular afferent | SV2 | AB_2079751 | vestibular efferent | AB_2068506 | mouse | AB_2282417 | choline acetyltransferase | SciEx_12080 | bird | synapsin | calretinin | AB_90764 | AB_2315408 | Turtle | Calretinin | Bird | Choline acetyltransferase | Vestibular efferent | Mouse | Synapsin | Hair cell | Vestibular afferent | GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE | INNER-EAR | GUINEA-PIG | ZOOLOGY | CHAT-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY | POSTERIOR-CRISTA | SENSORY HAIR-CELLS | OPSANUS-TAU | ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES | NEUROSCIENCES | RODENT VESTIBULAR PERIPHERY | CHOLINE-ACETYLTRANSFERASE | Species Specificity | Male | Turtles - metabolism | Choline O-Acetyltransferase - metabolism | Synapses - metabolism | Hair Cells, Vestibular - metabolism | Female | Myosins - metabolism | Neurons, Efferent - metabolism | Neurons, Efferent - cytology | Finches - anatomy & histology | Mice - anatomy & histology | Finches - metabolism | Calbindin 2 - metabolism | Cell Size | Turtles - anatomy & histology | Blotting, Western | Microscopy, Confocal | Animals | Hair Cells, Vestibular - cytology | Mice - metabolism | Fluorescent Antibody Technique | Microscopy, Fluorescence | Semicircular Canals - innervation | Semicircular Canals - metabolism | Turtles | Birds | Analysis
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11. Full Text Efferent modulation of hair cell function
by Rabbitt, Richard D and Brownell, William E
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, ISSN 1068-9508, 10/2011, Volume 19, Issue 5, pp. 376 - 381
Purpose of review This review covers the articles published between 2010 and early 2011 that presented new findings on inner-ear efferents and their ability to... 
descending control | efferent vestibular system | hearing | olivocochlear | balance | bilateral integration | SYSTEM | NERVE | FREE-SWIMMING TOADFISH | SOUND LOCALIZATION | NOISE | RESPONSES | OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY | LATERAL-LINE | Animals | Hair Cells, Auditory - physiology | Acoustic Stimulation | Efferent Pathways - physiology | Humans | Hearing - physiology | Cochlea - physiology | Cochlea - innervation
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12. Full Text Efferent vestibular neurons show homogenous discharge output but heterogeneous synaptic input profile in vitro
by Mathews, Miranda A and Murray, Andrew and Wijesinghe, Rajiv and Cullen, Karen and Tung, Victoria W.K and Camp, Aaron J and Chacron, Maurice J
PLoS ONE, ISSN 1932-6203, 09/2015, Volume 10, Issue 9, p. e0139548
Despite the importance of our sense of balance we still know remarkably little about the central control of the peripheral balance system. While previous work... 
SEMICIRCULAR CANAL AFFERENTS | HAIR CELL | GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE | THALAMIC NEURONS | INNER-EAR | UNILATERALLY LABYRINTHECTOMIZED RAT | OPSANUS-TAU | MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | TURTLE POSTERIOR-CRISTA | NUCLEUS NEURONS | GLYCINE RECEPTOR | Action Potentials | Patch-Clamp Techniques | Animals | Neuronal Plasticity | Mice, Inbred C57BL | Vestibular Nuclei - metabolism | Female | Male | Mice | Neurons, Efferent - metabolism | Vestibule, Labyrinth - metabolism | Physiological aspects | Equilibrium (Physiology) | Physiological research | Research | Vestibular apparatus | Immunohistochemistry | Electric potential | Calcium | Brain stem | Science | Choline O-acetyltransferase | Neuromodulation | Depolarization | Mouse devices | Calcitonin | Sensory neurons | Physiology | Acetyltransferase | Vestibular system | Discipline | Hair | Calcium channels | Neurons | Calcium channels (voltage-gated) | Facial nerve | Calcium channels (T-type) | Discharge | Calcitonin gene-related peptide | Brain research | Choline | Vestibular nuclei
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13. Full Text A review of synaptic mechanisms of vestibular efferent signaling in turtles: Extrapolation to efferent actions in mammals
by Jordan, Paivi M and Parks, Xiaorong Xu and Contini, Donatella and Holt, J. Chris
Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium and Orientation, ISSN 0957-4271, 2013, Volume 23, Issue 3, pp. 161 - 175
The vestibular labyrinth of nearly every vertebrate class receives a prominent efferent innervation that originates in the brainstem and ends as bouton... 
muscarinic | Vestibular efferent | acetylcholine | nicotinic | vestibular afferent | SQUIRREL-MONKEY | CHOLINERGIC-RECEPTOR | POSTERIOR-CRISTA | OPSANUS-TAU | SUBUNIT MESSENGER-RNA | NEUROSCIENCES | INNERVATION PATTERNS | ULTRASTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS | OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY | COCHLEAR HAIR-CELLS | NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR | SEMICIRCULAR CANALS | Receptors, Nicotinic - drug effects | Male | Hair Cells, Vestibular - physiology | Mammals | Neurons, Afferent - physiology | Receptors, Cholinergic - physiology | Animals | Turtles - physiology | Neurons, Efferent - physiology | Presynaptic Terminals | Female | Receptors, Muscarinic - physiology | Vestibule, Labyrinth
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