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1. Full Text β-carotene in Golden Rice is as good as β-carotene in oil at providing vitamin A to children
by Tang, Guangwen and Hu, Yuming and Yin, Shi-An and Wang, Yin and Dallal, Gerard E and Grusak, Michael A and Russell, Robert M
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, 09/2012, Volume 96, Issue 3, pp. 658 - 664
Background: Golden Rice (GR) has been genetically engineered to be rich in beta-carotene for use as a source of vitamin A. Objective: The objective was to... 
ISOTOPE REFERENCE METHOD | INTESTINAL ABSORPTION | BIOEFFICACY | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | CONVERSION | INDONESIA | PROVITAMIN | VEGETABLES | CHINESE ADULTS | EQUIVALENCE | DEFICIENCY | Nutritive Value | Oryza - metabolism | Humans | Vitamin A Deficiency - prevention & control | Male | Oryza - chemistry | Spinacia oleracea - metabolism | Vitamin A - administration & dosage | Vitamin A - metabolism | Corn Oil - chemistry | Oryza - genetics | China | Female | Seeds - chemistry | Food, Genetically Modified | Child | Plant Leaves - chemistry | beta Carotene - blood | Seeds - metabolism | Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics | Seeds - genetics | Plants, Genetically Modified - chemistry | beta Carotene - administration & dosage | beta Carotene - metabolism | Deuterium Oxide - metabolism | Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism | Plant Leaves - metabolism | Spinacia oleracea - chemistry | Kinetics | Dietary Supplements | Vitamin A - blood
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2. Full Text Effects of β‐carotene‐enriched dry carrots on β‐carotene status and colostral immunoglobulin in β‐carotene‐deficient Japanese Black cows
by Nishijima, Yoshitaka and Taniguchi, Saya and Ikeda, Shuntaro and Yoshitani, Kenichi and Hamano, Takashi and Tani, Hiroshi and Fujita, Masahiko and Murakami, Kenji and Kogusa, Keisuke and Sato, Kenji and Sugimoto, Miki and Kume, Shinichi
Animal Science Journal, ISSN 1344-3941, 04/2017, Volume 88, Issue 4, pp. 653 - 658
Data from 18 β‐carotene‐deficient Japanese Black cows were collected to clarify the effects of feeding β‐carotene‐enriched dry carrots on β‐carotene status and... 
Immunoglobulin | bovine colostrum | β‐carotene | carrot | β-carotene | MUCOSAL IGA INDUCTION | DAIRY-COWS | AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE | beta-carotene | IMMUNE COMPONENTS | VITAMINS | HEALTH | MILK | beta Carotene - blood | Daucus carota | beta Carotene - deficiency | Colostrum - metabolism | Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology | beta Carotene - administration & dosage | Immunoglobulin A, Secretory - metabolism | Colostrum - immunology | Food, Fortified | Pregnancy | Animals | Cattle | Female | Animal Feed | Immunoglobulin G - metabolism
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3. Full Text Provitamin A-biofortified maize increases serum β-carotene, but not retinol, in marginally nourished children: A cluster-randomized trial in rural Zambia
by Palmer, Amanda C and Siamusantu, Ward and Chileshe, Justin and Schulze, Kerry J and Barffour, Maxwell and Craft, Neal E and Molobeka, Ngosa and Kalungwana, Ng'andwe and Arguello, Margia A and Mitra, Maithilee and Caswell, Bess and Klemm, Rolf D. W and West, Keith P
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, 07/2016, Volume 104, Issue 1, pp. 181 - 190
Background: Vitamin A deficiency remains a nutritional concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Conventionally bred maize hybrids with high provitamin A carotenoid... 
Vitamin A | Provitamin A | Beta-carotene | Deficiency | Biofortification | Zambia | Serum retinol | vitamin A | biofortification | CONVERSION | beta-carotene | CASSAVA | serum retinol | VITAMIN-A | IMPACT | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | deficiency | SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN | PLASMA RETINOL | INFECTION | HEALTH | provitamin A | beta Carotene - blood | beta Carotene - therapeutic use | Zea mays | Humans | Child, Preschool | Male | Provitamins - pharmacology | Treatment Outcome | Vitamin A Deficiency - diet therapy | Food, Fortified | C-Reactive Protein - metabolism | Diet | Rural Population | Vitamin A Deficiency - blood | beta Carotene - pharmacology | Female | Edible Grain | Nutritional Status | Provitamins - therapeutic use | Child | Vitamin A Deficiency - drug therapy | Vitamin A - blood | Provitamins - blood
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4. Full Text Treatment With 9-cis β-Carotene–Rich Powder in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa : A Randomized Crossover Trial
by Rotenstreich, Ygal and Belkin, Michael and Sadetzki, Siegal and Chetrit, Angela and Ferman-Attar, Gili and Sher, Ifat and Harari, Ayelet and Shaish, Aviv and Harats, Dror
JAMA Ophthalmology, ISSN 2168-6165, 08/2013, Volume 131, Issue 8, pp. 985 - 992
IMPORTANCE Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the leading cause of incurable inherited blindness in the developed world, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 3500... 
LUNG-CANCER | LEBER CONGENITAL AMAUROSIS | RPE65(-/-) MICE | ROD | MOUSE MODEL | RETINAL DISEASES | DOUBLE-BLIND | 9-CIS-BETA-CAROTENE | OPHTHALMOLOGY | ALGA DUNALIELLA-BARDAWIL | 9-CIS-RETINOIC ACID | Visual Fields - physiology | beta Carotene - therapeutic use | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Young Adult | Light | Adult | Female | Retinitis Pigmentosa - physiopathology | Visual Acuity - physiology | Electroretinography | beta Carotene - blood | Powders | Double-Blind Method | Administration, Oral | Retinitis Pigmentosa - drug therapy | Dark Adaptation - physiology | Treatment Outcome | beta Carotene - administration & dosage | Vitamins - therapeutic use | Cross-Over Studies | Retina - physiology | Chlorophyta | Aged | Vitamins - administration & dosage | Care and treatment | Usage | Retinitis pigmentosa | Analysis | Clinical trials | Placebos | Beta carotene
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5. Full Text β-Cryptoxanthin- and α-carotene-rich foods have greater apparent bioavailability than β-carotene-rich foods in Western diets
by Burri, Betty J and Chang, Jasmine S. T and Neidlinger, Terry R
British Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0007-1145, 1/2011, Volume 105, Issue 2, pp. 212 - 219
beta-Carotene (BC), beta-cryptoxanthin (CX) and alpha-carotene (AC) are common carotenoids that form retinol. The amount of retinol (vitamin A) formed from... 
Vitamin A | Cryptoxanthin | αCarotene | β-Carotene | alpha-Carotene | UNITED-STATES | beta-Carotene | XANTHOPHYLL CAROTENOIDS | PRERUMINANT CALVES | NATIONAL-HEALTH | VITAMIN-A | beta-Cryptoxanthin | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | SERUM CONCENTRATIONS | NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY | PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS | FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE | MONGOLIAN GERBILS | beta Carotene - blood | Xanthophylls - administration & dosage | Diet Surveys | Humans | Middle Aged | Xanthophylls - pharmacokinetics | Biological Availability | Male | beta Carotene - administration & dosage | beta Carotene - pharmacokinetics | Carotenoids - pharmacokinetics | Young Adult | Food Analysis | Xanthophylls - blood | Diet | Adolescent | Adult | Carotenoids - administration & dosage | Cryptoxanthins | Female | Aged | Carotenoids - blood
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6. Full Text Common Variation in the β-Carotene 15,15′-Monooxygenase 1 Gene Affects Circulating Levels of Carotenoids: A Genome-wide Association Study
by Ferrucci, Luigi and Perry, John R.B and Matteini, Amy and Perola, Markus and Tanaka, Toshiko and Silander, Kaisa and Rice, Neil and Melzer, David and Murray, Anna and Cluett, Christie and Fried, Linda P and Albanes, Demetrius and Corsi, Anna-Maria and Cherubini, Antonio and Guralnik, Jack and Bandinelli, Stefania and Singleton, Andrew and Virtamo, Jarmo and Walston, Jeremy and Semba, Richard D and Frayling, Timothy M
The American Journal of Human Genetics, ISSN 0002-9297, 02/2009, Volume 84, Issue 2, pp. 123 - 133
Low plasma levels of carotenoids and tocopherols are associated with increased risk of chronic disease and disability. Because dietary intake of these... 
VITAMIN-E LEVELS | METABOLIC SYNDROME | PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS | MEDITERRANEAN-STYLE DIET | INFLAMMATION | GENETICS & HEREDITY | CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE | ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL | RISK | VEGETABLE INTAKE | RETINOL | Genetic Variation | beta Carotene - blood | Genome-Wide Association Study | beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - metabolism | Humans | alpha-Tocopherol - blood | beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - genetics | Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide | alpha-Tocopherol - metabolism | Carotenoids - blood | Genome, Human | Intestinal Absorption
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7. Full Text Metabolomic profile of response to supplementation with β-carotene in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention Study
by Mondul, Alison M and Sampson, Joshua N and Moore, Steven C and Weinstein, Stephanie J and Evans, Anne M and Karoly, Edward D and Virtamo, Jarmo and Albanes, Demetrius
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, 08/2013, Volume 98, Issue 2, pp. 488 - 493
Background: Two chemoprevention trials found that supplementation with beta-carotene increased the risk of lung cancer and overall mortality. The biologic... 
LUNG-CANCER | FERRETS | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | INDUCTION | alpha-Tocopherol - administration & dosage | Follow-Up Studies | Humans | Middle Aged | alpha-Tocopherol - blood | Male | Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 - genetics | Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 - metabolism | beta Carotene - adverse effects | Tandem Mass Spectrometry | Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 - genetics | Chromatography, Liquid | beta Carotene - blood | Fasting | Blood Glucose - analysis | Double-Blind Method | Risk Factors | Metabolome | beta Carotene - administration & dosage | Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 - metabolism | alpha-Tocopherol - adverse effects | Finland | Deoxyglucose - administration & dosage | Aged | Dietary Supplements | Smoking
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8. Full Text Association of serum α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and retinol with liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease mortality
by Lai, G.Y and Weinstein, S.J and Albanes, D and Taylor, P.R and Virtamo, J and McGlynn, K.A and Freedman, N.D
British Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0007-0920, 11/2014, Volume 111, Issue 11, pp. 2163 - 2171
Background: Micronutrients may influence the development or progression of liver cancer and liver disease. We evaluated the association of serum... 
chronic liver disease | prospective cohort | liver cancer | micronutrients | serum | OXIDATIVE STRESS | RISK-FACTORS | ANTIOXIDANTS | PREVENTION | FOLLOW-UP | VITAMIN-A | TRIAL | HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA | PLASMA | ONCOLOGY | CIRRHOSIS | Liver Diseases - blood | beta Carotene - blood | Humans | Middle Aged | alpha-Tocopherol - blood | Male | Incidence | Liver Neoplasms - blood | Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology | Liver Diseases - mortality | Aged | Chronic Disease | Vitamin A - blood | Epidemiology
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9. Full Text Carotenoids are more bioavailable from papaya than from tomato and carrot in humans: A randomised cross-over study
by Schweiggert, Ralf M and Kopec, Rachel E and Villalobos-Gutierrez, Maria G and Högel, Josef and Quesada, Silvia and Esquivel, Patricia and Schwartz, Steven J and Carle, Reinhold
British Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0007-1145, 02/2014, Volume 111, Issue 3, pp. 490 - 498
Carrot, tomato and papaya represent important dietary sources of beta-carotene and lycopene. The main objective of the present study was to compare the... 
Bioavailability | β-Cryptoxanthin | Lycopene | β-Carotene | BIOACCESSIBILITY | Carotene | Cryptoxanthin | PARTICLE-SIZE REDUCTION | VITAMIN-A | INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION | BETA-CAROTENE | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | LUTEIN | CHYLOMICRONS | CHROMOPLASTS | Carotenoids - analysis | Daucus carota - chemistry | Nutritive Value | Humans | Functional Food - analysis | Xanthophylls - analysis | Intestinal Absorption | Costa Rica | Young Adult | Retinol-Binding Proteins - chemistry | Postprandial Period | Adult | Female | Carotenoids - blood | beta Carotene - analysis | beta Carotene - blood | Fruit - chemistry | Carica - chemistry | Lipoproteins - chemistry | Lipoproteins - blood | beta Carotene - metabolism | Cross-Over Studies | Xanthophylls - blood | Plant Roots - chemistry | Carotenoids - metabolism | Xanthophylls - metabolism | Cryptoxanthins | Lycopersicon esculentum - chemistry | Vitamin A | Vegetables | Phytochemicals | Nutrition | Fruits
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10. Full Text β-Carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase 1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in relation to plasma carotenoid and retinol concentrations in women of European descent
by Hendrickson, Sara J and Hazra, Aditi and Chen, Constance and Eliassen, A. Heather and Kraft, Peter and Rosner, Bernard A and Willett, Walter C
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, 12/2012, Volume 96, Issue 6, pp. 1379 - 1389
Background: Carotenoids have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of many diseases, but associations with intakes or blood concentrations may arise from other... 
BREAST-CANCER | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | RISK | VITAMIN | MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION | 15,15-MONOOXYGENASE | DIETARY-INTAKE | QUESTIONNAIRE | IDENTIFICATION | CONSUMPTION | GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION | beta Carotene - blood | Genome-Wide Association Study | United States | Artificial Intelligence | Humans | Middle Aged | European Continental Ancestry Group | Biomarkers - blood | Genetic Markers | Zeaxanthins | Lutein - blood | Case-Control Studies | Xanthophylls - blood | beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - metabolism | beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - genetics | Adult | Female | Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide | Carotenoids - blood | Vitamin A - blood | Cohort Studies
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11. Full Text Plasma retinol kinetics and β-carotene bioefficacy are quantified by model-based compartmental analysis in healthy young adults with low vitamin A stores
by Green, Michael H and Ford, Jennifer Lynn and Oxley, Anthony and Green, Joanne Balmer and Park, Hyunjin and Berry, Philip and Boddy, Alan V and Lietz, Georg
Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0022-3166, 2016, Volume 146, Issue 10, pp. 2129 - 2136
Background: Model-based compartmental analysis of data on plasma retinol kinetics after administration of labeled retinol provides unique information about... 
Retinol kinetics | Carotenoids | Area under the curve | Humans | Bioefficacy | Isotope dilution | Bioconversion | WinSAAM | Retinoids | Vitamin A deficiency | carotenoids | CONVERSION | bioconversion | retinol kinetics | area under the curve | isotope dilution | CHINESE ADULTS | bioefficacy | BIOAVAILABILITY | EQUIVALENCE | ISOTOPE REFERENCE METHOD | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | humans | retinoids | vitamin A deficiency | DILUTION | Body Mass Index | Models, Theoretical | beta Carotene - blood | Body Weight | Administration, Oral | Vitamin A - analogs & derivatives | Cholesterol - blood | European Continental Ancestry Group | Male | beta Carotene - administration & dosage | Energy Intake | Vitamin A - administration & dosage | Young Adult | Vitamin A Deficiency - blood | Triglycerides - blood | Adult | Female | Nutritional Status | Nonlinear Dynamics | Vitamin A - blood
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12. Full Text Dietary carotenoids, serum β-carotene, and retinol and risk of lung cancer in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cohort study
by Holick, Crystal N and Michaud, Dominique S and Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael and Mayne, Susan T and Pietinen, Pirjo and Taylor, Philip R and Virtamo, Jarmo and Albanes, Demetrius
American Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0002-9262, 09/2002, Volume 156, Issue 6, pp. 536 - 547
Findings from several beta-carotene supplementation trials were unexpected and conflicted with most observational studies. Carotenoids other than beta-carotene... 
Vitamin A | Carotenoids | Prospective studies | Beta-carotene | Lung neoplasms | vitamin A | carotenoids | lung neoplasms | beta-carotene | VITAMIN-A | ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE | WOMEN | VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION | CIGARETTE-SMOKING | LYCOPENE | PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | PLASMA | FRUIT | ANTIOXIDANT | prospective studies | FINNISH FOODS | Vitamin A - pharmacology | beta Carotene - blood | Vegetables | Fruit | Humans | Middle Aged | Risk Factors | alpha-Tocopherol - blood | Male | Carotenoids - pharmacology | Lung Neoplasms - epidemiology | Diet | Lung Neoplasms - etiology | Lung Neoplasms - prevention & control | beta Carotene - pharmacology | Aged | Antioxidants - analysis | Vitamin A - blood | Cohort Studies | Smoking
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13. Full Text Independent positive association of plasma β-carotene concentrations with adiponectin among non-diabetic obese subjects
by Ben Amara, N and Ben Amara, N and Tourniaire, F and Tourniaire, F and Maraninchi, M and Maraninchi, M and Attia, N and Attia, N and Amiot-Carlin, M.J and Amiot-Carlin, M.J and Raccah, D and Raccah, D and Valéro, R and Valéro, R and Landrier, J.F and Landrier, J.F and Darmon, P and Darmon, P
European Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 1436-6207, 2015, Volume 54, Issue 3, pp. 447 - 454
Many epidemiological studies find an inverse correlation between carotenoids intake or carotenoids plasma concentrations and body mass index (BMI), insulin... 
HOMA-IR | Carotenoids | Lycopene | Adiponectin | β-Carotene | beta-Carotene | ADIPOSE-TISSUE BIOLOGY | METABOLIC SYNDROME | ANTIOXIDANT CONCENTRATIONS | DIABETES-MELLITUS | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | SERUM CAROTENOIDS | RETINOIC ACID | NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY | YOUNG-ADULTS CARDIA | 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH | ARTERY RISK DEVELOPMENT | Multivariate Analysis | Interleukin-1 - blood | Zeaxanthins - blood | Humans | Middle Aged | Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood | Male | Obesity - blood | Young Adult | Metabolic Syndrome - blood | Leptin - blood | Adult | Cholesterol, LDL - blood | Female | Carotenoids - blood | Body Mass Index | beta Carotene - blood | Cross-Sectional Studies | Insulin Resistance | Linear Models | Diabetes Mellitus | Lutein - blood | Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - blood | Adiponectin - blood | Diet | Adolescent | Triglycerides - blood | Cholesterol, HDL - blood | Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control | Aged
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14. Full Text Relative contribution of α-carotene to postprandial Vitamin A concentrations in healthy humans after carrot consumption
by Cooperstone, Jessica L and Goetz, Hilary J and Riedl, Ken M and Harrison, Earl H and Schwartz, Steven J and Kopec, Rachel E
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, 07/2017, Volume 106, Issue 1, pp. 59 - 66
Background: Asymmetric alpha-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, is cleaved to produce retinol (vitamin A) and alpha-retinol (with negligible vitamin A... 
Vitamin A | α-retinol | Bioconversion | Carrot | α-carotene | SR-BI | vitamin A | HUMAN PLASMA | CONVERSION | alpha-retinol | bioconversion | alpha-carotene | ISOTOPE REFERENCE METHOD | INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION | BETA-CAROTENE | SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | METABOLISM | MONGOLIAN-GERBILS | RETINYL ESTERS | carrot | beta Carotene - blood | Provitamins | Daucus carota - chemistry | Enterocytes - metabolism | Vitamin A - analogs & derivatives | Humans | Plant Extracts - blood | Biological Availability | Male | beta Carotene - pharmacokinetics | Esterification | Intestinal Absorption | Carotenoids - pharmacokinetics | Young Adult | Plant Extracts - pharmacokinetics | Postprandial Period | Adult | Female | Carotenoids - blood | Meals | Vitamin A - blood | Life Sciences | Food engineering | Vitamins, Minerals, and Phytochemicals | 5005
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15. Full Text Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population
by Galan, Pilar and Viteri, F.E and Bertrais, S and Czernichow, S and Faure, H and Arnaud, J and Ruffieux, D and Chenal, S and Arnault, N and Favier, A and Roussel, A.-M and Hercberg, S
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0954-3007, 10/2005, Volume 59, Issue 10, pp. 1181 - 1190
Objective: To assess relationships between energy, nutrient and food intakes, alcohol consumption, smoking status and body mass index (BMI), and serum... 
Antioxidants | Tobacco |