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1. Full Text Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding β-carotene 15,15′-monoxygenase alter β-carotene metabolism in female volunteers
by Leung, W.C and Hessel, S and Méplan, C and Flint, J and Oberhauser, V and Tourniaire, F and Hesketh, J.E and Von Lintig, J and Lietz, G
FASEB Journal, ISSN 0892-6638, 04/2009, Volume 23, Issue 4, pp. 1041 - 1053
The key enzyme responsible for beta-carotene conversion into retinal is beta-carotene 15,15'-monoxygenase (BCMO1). Since it has been reported that the... 
Nutrient-gene interaction | Vitamin A | Supplementation | SNP | Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein | vitamin A | VITAMIN-A INTAKE | triglyceride-rich lipoprotein | CONVERSION | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | supplementation | EQUIVALENCE | CELL BIOLOGY | VARIABILITY | WOMEN | nutrient-gene interaction | BIOLOGY | BETA,BETA-CAROTENE 15,15'-MONOOXYGENASE | DOUBLE-TRACER | 15,15-MONOOXYGENASE | RETINOL | EXPRESSION | Recombinant Proteins - metabolism | Antioxidants - metabolism | Gene Frequency | Humans | Antioxidants - pharmacology | Open Reading Frames - genetics | beta Carotene - metabolism | Young Adult | beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - metabolism | Alleles | beta Carotene - pharmacology | beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - genetics | Female | Heterozygote | Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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2. Full Text β,β-Carotene 15,15#-monooxygenase and its substrate β-carotene modulate migration and invasion in colorectal carcinoma cells
by Pham, Diep Ngoc Thi and Leclerc, Daniel and Lévesque, Nancy and Deng, Liyuan and Rozen, Rima
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, 08/2013, Volume 98, Issue 2, pp. 413 - 422
Background: beta,beta-Carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase (BCMO1) converts beta-carotene to retinaldehyde. Increased beta-carotene consumption is linked to antitumor... 
COLON-CANCER CELLS | TUMOR INVASION | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | RETINOIC ACID | MESSENGER-RNA | MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE | GENE-EXPRESSION | EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX | VITAMIN-A | MATRILYSIN MMP-7 | FOLATE | Colon - cytology | Intestines - drug effects | Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted - metabolism | RNA, Small Interfering - genetics | Up-Regulation | Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism | Colon - pathology | Humans | RNA, Messenger - genetics | Colon - drug effects | RNA, Messenger - metabolism | Folic Acid - administration & dosage | Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic | Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 - genetics | Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 - metabolism | beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - metabolism | Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted - genetics | beta Carotene - pharmacology | beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - genetics | Cell Line, Tumor | Colorectal Neoplasms - metabolism | RNA, Small Interfering - metabolism | Tretinoin - pharmacology
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3. Full Text Provitamin A-biofortified maize increases serum β-carotene, but not retinol, in marginally nourished children: A cluster-randomized trial in rural Zambia
by Palmer, Amanda C and Siamusantu, Ward and Chileshe, Justin and Schulze, Kerry J and Barffour, Maxwell and Craft, Neal E and Molobeka, Ngosa and Kalungwana, Ng'andwe and Arguello, Margia A and Mitra, Maithilee and Caswell, Bess and Klemm, Rolf D. W and West, Keith P
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, 07/2016, Volume 104, Issue 1, pp. 181 - 190
Background: Vitamin A deficiency remains a nutritional concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Conventionally bred maize hybrids with high provitamin A carotenoid... 
Vitamin A | Provitamin A | Beta-carotene | Deficiency | Biofortification | Zambia | Serum retinol | vitamin A | biofortification | CONVERSION | beta-carotene | CASSAVA | serum retinol | VITAMIN-A | IMPACT | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | deficiency | SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN | PLASMA RETINOL | INFECTION | HEALTH | provitamin A | beta Carotene - blood | beta Carotene - therapeutic use | Zea mays | Humans | Child, Preschool | Male | Provitamins - pharmacology | Treatment Outcome | Vitamin A Deficiency - diet therapy | Food, Fortified | C-Reactive Protein - metabolism | Diet | Rural Population | Vitamin A Deficiency - blood | beta Carotene - pharmacology | Female | Edible Grain | Nutritional Status | Provitamins - therapeutic use | Child | Vitamin A Deficiency - drug therapy | Vitamin A - blood | Provitamins - blood
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4. Full Text β,β-carotene decreases peroxisome proliferator receptor γ activity and reduces lipid storage capacity of adipocytes in a β,β-carotene oxygenase 1-dependent manner
by Lobo, Glenn P and Amengual, Jaume and Li, Hua Nan M and Golczak, Marcin and Bonet, M. Luisa and Palczewski, Krzysztof and Von Lintig, Johannes
Journal of Biological Chemistry, ISSN 0021-9258, 09/2010, Volume 285, Issue 36, pp. 27891 - 27899
Increasing evidence has been provided for a connection between retinoid metabolism and the activity of peroxisome proliferator receptors (Ppars) in the control... 
DIABETES-MELLITUS | METABOLIZING ENZYME | BETA-CAROTENE | SERUM CAROTENOIDS | VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | PPAR-GAMMA | LEPTIN EXPRESSION | TRANS-RETINOIC ACID | ACTIVATED RECEPTOR | ADIPOSE-TISSUE | Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects | Retinoids - metabolism | Adipocytes - cytology | Receptors, Retinoic Acid - metabolism | Adipocytes - drug effects | 3T3-L1 Cells | PPAR gamma - metabolism | beta Carotene - metabolism | Animals | Diet | beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - metabolism | Cell Differentiation - drug effects | Adipocytes - metabolism | Lipid Metabolism - drug effects | beta Carotene - pharmacology | beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - genetics | CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha - genetics | Mice | PPAR gamma - genetics | Adipose Tissue Metabolism | Mouse | Carotene | Retinoid | Fatty Acid Metabolism | Metabolism | Nuclear Receptors
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5. Full Text Cadmium-induced changes in lipid peroxidation, blood hematology, biochemical parameters and semen quality of male rats: protective role of vitamin E and β-carotene
by El-Demerdash, Fatma M and Yousef, Mokhtar I and Kedwany, Fatma S and Baghdadi, Hoda H
Food and Chemical Toxicology, ISSN 0278-6915, 10/2004, Volume 42, Issue 10, pp. 1563 - 1571
Cadmium is a well-known human carcinogen and a potent nephrotoxin. Lipid peroxidation is involved in cadmium-related toxicity. Vitamin E and β-carotene are... 
Antioxidants | Free radicals | Hematology | Semen | CdCl2 | Rats | Biochemistry | CdCl | semen | free radicals | OXIDATIVE STRESS | antioxidants | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES | ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL | TOXICITY | SERUM | FREE-RADICALS | hematology | biochemistry | TOXICOLOGY | rats | GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE | BRAIN | INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY | Testis - metabolism | Liver - enzymology | Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism | Brain - enzymology | Male | Alanine Transaminase - blood | Testis - drug effects | Liver - drug effects | Testis - enzymology | Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects | beta Carotene - pharmacology | Free Radicals - metabolism | Alkaline Phosphatase - blood | Glutathione Transferase - blood | Liver - metabolism | Semen - drug effects | Cadmium - pharmacology | Glutathione Transferase - metabolism | Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - metabolism | Antioxidants - pharmacology | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Aspartate Aminotransferases - metabolism | Blood Cell Count | Brain - drug effects | Sperm Motility - drug effects | Organ Size - drug effects | Animals | Aspartate Aminotransferases - blood | Alanine Transaminase - metabolism | Enzymes - blood | Cadmium - antagonists & inhibitors | Vitamin E - pharmacology
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6. Full Text Comparison of purple carrot juice and β-carotene in a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rat model of the metabolic syndrome
by Poudyal, Hemant and Panchal, Sunil and Brown, Lindsay
British Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0007-1145, 11/2010, Volume 104, Issue 9, pp. 1322 - 1332
Anthocyanins, phenolic acids and carotenoids are the predominant phytochemicals present in purple carrots. These phytochemicals could be useful in treatment of... 
Anthocyanins | High-fat diet-fed rats | Purple carrots | High-carbohydrate | Metabolic syndrome | β-Carotene | beta-Carotene | OXIDATIVE STRESS | SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS | RISK | INDUCE APOPTOSIS | DIABETIC RATS | high-fat diet-fed rats | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | RETINOIC ACID | FRUIT | INSULIN-RESISTANCE | CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE | VEGETABLE INTAKE | Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage | Anthocyanins - pharmacology | beta Carotene - therapeutic use | Daucus carota - chemistry | Rats, Wistar | Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology | Rats | Male | Antioxidants - pharmacology | Metabolic Syndrome - drug therapy | Antioxidants - therapeutic use | Animals | Liver - drug effects | Plant Preparations - therapeutic use | Dietary Fats - administration & dosage | beta Carotene - pharmacology | Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use | Anthocyanins - therapeutic use | Oxidative Stress - drug effects | Phytotherapy | Disease Models, Animal
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7. Full Text The synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of lycopene, lutein, β-carotene, and carnosic acid combinations via redox-based inhibition of NF-κB signaling
by Hadad, Nurit and Levy, Rachel
Free Radical Biology and Medicine, ISSN 0891-5849, 10/2012, Volume 53, Issue 7, pp. 1381 - 1391
Inflammatory mediators and cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of a vast number of human diseases; therefore much attention is focused on... 
Polyphenols | Proinflammatory mediators | Carotenoids | Free radicals | Lycopene | NOX2-NADPH oxidase | NADPH OXIDASE | CYTOSOLIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A | OXIDATIVE STRESS | VITAMIN-E | ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE | HUMAN NEUTROPHILS | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | FC-GAMMA-RIIA | NITRIC-OXIDE-SYNTHASE | ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM | GENE-EXPRESSION | TNF-ALPHA | Plant Extracts - pharmacology | Macrophages, Peritoneal - pathology | NADPH Oxidases - metabolism | Male | Carotenoids - pharmacology | Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - pharmacology | Peritonitis - pathology | Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - antagonists & inhibitors | Superoxides - metabolism | Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology | beta Carotene - pharmacology | Superoxides - antagonists & inhibitors | Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects | Oxidation-Reduction | Nitric Oxide - antagonists & inhibitors | NADPH Oxidases - antagonists & inhibitors | Peritonitis - metabolism | Cells, Cultured | Peritonitis - immunology | Mice, Inbred ICR | Dinoprostone - metabolism | Drug Synergism | Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects | Diterpenes, Abietane - pharmacology | Animals | Signal Transduction - drug effects | Cyclooxygenase 2 - metabolism | Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology | Mice | Peritonitis - drug therapy | Dinoprostone - antagonists & inhibitors | Macrophages, Peritoneal - metabolism | Nitric Oxide - metabolism | Lutein - pharmacology | Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - antagonists & inhibitors | Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - metabolism
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8. Full Text The contribution of β‐carotene to vitamin A supply of humans
by Weber, Daniela and Grune, Tilman
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, ISSN 1613-4125, 02/2012, Volume 56, Issue 2, pp. 251 - 258
Populations that administer highly restrictive diets using a strong dietary regime, excluding certain types of food, might be at risk of vitamin A... 
β‐Carotene | Vitamin A | Dietary intake | Industrialized Western countries | β-Carotene | beta-Carotene | FRUITS | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | BIOCONVERSION | DIETARY-INTAKE | CANCER | BIOAVAILABILITY | ALPHA-CAROTENE | LUTEIN | VEGETABLES | RETINOL | QUESTIONNAIRE | Nutritional Requirements | Nutrition Surveys | Europe | Humans | Vitamin A Deficiency - prevention & control | Male | beta Carotene - administration & dosage | Vitamin A - administration & dosage | Diet | beta Carotene - pharmacology | Carotenoids - administration & dosage | Female | Food
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9. Full Text β-carotene reverses multidrug resistant cancer cells by selectively modulating human P-glycoprotein function
by Teng, Yu-Ning and Sheu, Ming-Jyh and Hsieh, Yow-Wen and Wang, Ruey-Yun and Chiang, Yao-Chang and Hung, Chin-Chuan
Phytomedicine, ISSN 0944-7113, 03/2016, Volume 23, Issue 3, pp. 316 - 323
The issue of multidrug resistance (MDR) cancer is one of the major barriers to successful chemotherapy treatment. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux... 
Multidrug resistant cancer | β-carotene | P-gp | Reversal effects | METABOLITES | CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL | CURCUMIN | beta-carotene | FOLLOW-UP | ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA | ABC-TRANSPORTERS | PLANT SCIENCES | BREAST-CANCER | INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | EXPRESSION | ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 | Neoplasms - metabolism | Drug Resistance, Multiple - drug effects | Humans | Adenosine Triphosphatases - metabolism | Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors | Neoplasm Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors | Cell Line, Tumor - drug effects | Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism | Verapamil - pharmacology | beta Carotene - pharmacology | ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B - metabolism | ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - metabolism | Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology | ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B - antagonists & inhibitors | Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins - metabolism | Doxorubicin - pharmacology | ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters - antagonists & inhibitors | Drug Resistance, Neoplasm - drug effects | Index Medicus
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10. Full Text Effects of vitamins C and E and β-carotene on the risk of type 2 diabetes in women at high risk of cardiovascular disease: A randomized controlled trial
by Song, Yiqing and Cook, Nancy R and Albert, Christine M and Van Denburgh, Martin and Manson, JoAnn E
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, 08/2009, Volume 90, Issue 2, pp. 429 - 437
Background: Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene are major antioxidants and as such may protect against the development of type 2 diabetes via reduction of... 
OXIDATIVE STRESS | NUTRITION & DIETETICS | ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION | NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY | INSULIN-RESISTANCE | 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH | IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE | FOLLOW-UP | MELLITUS | ASCORBIC-ACID | BLOOD-PRESSURE | United States - epidemiology | Follow-Up Studies | Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control | Humans | Middle Aged | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology | Incidence | beta Carotene - pharmacology | Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology | Female | Odds Ratio | Primary Prevention | Double-Blind Method | Risk Assessment | Risk Factors | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control | Ascorbic Acid - administration & dosage | beta Carotene - administration & dosage | Antioxidants - pharmacology | Antioxidants - administration & dosage | Ascorbic Acid - pharmacology | Vitamin E - administration & dosage | Aged | Oxidative Stress - drug effects | Dietary Supplements | Vitamin E - pharmacology
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11. Full Text Variation in Phenolic Profile, β‐Carotene and Flavonoid Contents, Biological Activities of Two Tagetes Species from Pakistani Flora
by Ayub, Muhammad Adnan and Hussain, Abdullah Ijaz and Hanif, Muhammad Asif and Chatha, Shahzad Ali Shahid and Kamal, Ghulam Mustafa and Shahid, Muhammad and Janneh, Omar
Chemistry & Biodiversity, ISSN 1612-1872, 06/2017, Volume 14, Issue 6, pp. e1600463 - n/a
The objective of present study was to evaluate the variation in phenolic profile, β‐carotene, flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of... 
Flavonoids | Tagetes erecta | DPPH Radical scavenging | Phenolic acids | Caffeic acid | ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY | ESSENTIAL OILS | BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | MARIGOLD | ANTIBACTERIAL | COMPONENTS | CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | CULTIVARS | LYCOPENE | LUTEIN | EXTRACTS | Antifungal Agents - pharmacology | Phenols - isolation & purification | Plant Extracts - chemistry | Polyphenols - isolation & purification | Plant Extracts - pharmacology | Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification | beta Carotene - chemistry | Antifungal Agents - isolation & purification | beta Carotene - isolation & purification | Pakistan | Polyphenols - analysis | beta Carotene - pharmacology | Phenols - chemistry | Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology | Flavonoids - isolation & purification | Flavonoids - pharmacology | Flavonoids - chemistry | Tagetes - chemistry | Phenols - pharmacology
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12. Full Text Potent protective effect of apricot and β-carotene on methotrexate-induced intestinal oxidative damage in rats
by Vardi, Nigar and Parlakpinar, Hakan and Ozturk, Feral and Ates, Burhan and Gul, Mehmet and Cetin, Asli and Erdogan, Ali and Otlu, Ali
Food and Chemical Toxicology, ISSN 0278-6915, 2008, Volume 46, Issue 9, pp. 3015 - 3022
Several studies have well confirmed the contribution of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of methotrexate (MTX)-induced damage in the small intestine. Many... 
Apricot | Methotrexate | Oxidative damage | β-Carotene | CELLS | ARMENIACA L. VARIETIES | beta-carotene | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES | DECREASE | oxidative damage | methotrexate | FLAVONOIDS | apricot | LYCOPENE | INFLAMMATION | IN-VIVO | LIVER | TOXICOLOGY | STRESS | Free Radical Scavengers - pharmacology | Intestines - drug effects | Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism | Intestines - pathology | Rats, Wistar | Glutathione - metabolism | Plant Extracts - pharmacology | Protective Agents | Rats | Male | Methotrexate - toxicity | Folic Acid Antagonists - toxicity | Prunus - chemistry | Biphenyl Compounds | Microscopy, Electron | Catalase - metabolism | Animals | Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects | beta Carotene - pharmacology | Picrates | Oxidative Stress - drug effects | Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism | Peroxidase - metabolism | Phenols - pharmacology | Index Medicus
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13. Full Text Puerarin and Conjugate Bases as Radical Scavengers and Antioxidants:  Molecular Mechanism and Synergism with β-Carotene
by Han, Rui-Min and Tian, Yu-Xi and Becker, Eleonora Miquel and Andersen, Mogens L and Zhang, Jian-Ping and Skibsted, Leif H
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, ISSN 0021-8561, 03/2007, Volume 55, Issue 6, pp. 2384 - 2391
The 4‘-hydroxyl group of puerarin, a C-glycoside of the isoflavonoid daidzein, was shown, using 2,2‘-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical... 
β-carotene | Antioxidant synergism | Puerarin | Radical scavenging | puerarin | VITAMIN-E | ASSAY | beta-carotene | REGENERATION | FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | FLAVONOIDS | CHLOROFORM | EXCITED-STATES | CATIONS | radical scavenging | antioxidant synergism | AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY | REDUCTION POTENTIALS | VEGETABLES | CHEMISTRY, APPLIED | HIERARCHY | Drug Synergism | Free Radical Scavengers - pharmacology | Antioxidants - chemistry | Free Radical Scavengers - chemistry | Isoflavones - pharmacology | beta Carotene - pharmacology | Isoflavones - chemistry | Structure-Activity Relationship | Antioxidants - pharmacology
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