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succinate-dehydrogenase (4) 4
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1. Full Text Jendrassik maneuver effect on spinal and brainstem reflexes
by Ertuglu, Lale Aslihan and Aydin, Asli and Kumru, Hatice and Valls-Sole, Josep and Opisso, Eloy and Cecen, Serpil and Türker, Kemal S
Experimental Brain Research, ISSN 0014-4819, 12/2019, Volume 237, Issue 12, pp. 3265 - 3271
The effect of Jendrassik Maneuver (JM) has been extensively studied on monosynaptic reflexes in numerous muscles below the level at which the maneuver was... 
Neurology | Neurosciences | Biomedicine | Tendon reflex | Jendrassik maneuver | Monosynaptic | Polysynaptic reflexes | Brainstem reflexes | Neurophysiology
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2. Full Text Monosynaptic stretch reflex fails to explain the initial postural response to sudden lateral perturbations
by Mühlbeier, Andreas and Puta, Christian and Boström, Kim J and Wagner, Heiko
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, ISSN 1662-5161, 06/2017, Volume 11, p. 296
Postural reflexes are essential for locomotion and postural stability, and may play an important role in the etiology of chronic back pain. It has recently... 
Postural reflex | Spinal stability | Sudden perturbations | Chronic low back pain | Monosynaptic stretch reflex | Polysynaptic reflex | Backache | Analysis | Locomotion | Back pain | Stretch reflex | Pain | Etiology | Kinematics | Sensorimotor system | Physiology | Muscle function | Posture | Reflexes | sudden perturbations | chronic low back pain | polysynaptic reflex | spinal stability | postural reflex | monosynaptic stretch reflex
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3. Full Text Mono synaptic Stretch Reflex Fails to Explain the Initial Postural Response to Sudden Lateral Perturbations
by Muhlbeier, A and Puta, C and Bostrom, KJ and Wagner, H
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE, ISSN 1662-5161, 06/2017, Volume 11
Postural reflexes are essential for locomotion and postural stability, and may play an important role in the etiology of chronic back pain. It has recently... 
LOW-BACK-PAIN | MUSCLE | MODEL | SIMULATION | NEUROSCIENCES | polysynaptic reflex,spinal stability | PSYCHOLOGY | sudden perturbations | LIMB | SPINAL STABILITY | PATTERN | monosynaptic stretch reflex | chronic low back pain | DYNAMICS | postural reflex
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4. Full Text Effects of whole body vibration on motor unit recruitment and threshold
by Ross D. Pollock and Roger C. Woledge and Finbarr C. Martin and Di J. Newham
Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 8750-7587, 02/2012, Volume 112, Issue 3, pp. 388 - 395
Whole body vibration (WBV) has been suggested to elicit reflex muscle contractions but this has never been verified. We recorded from 32 single motor units... 
Tonic vibration reflex | Polysynaptic | Fine wire EMG | Recruitment threshold | Monosynaptic | MAXIMAL VOLUNTARY CONTRACTIONS | SPORT SCIENCES | PHYSIOLOGY | PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION | VERTICAL JUMP | LOW-FREQUENCY | PERFORMANCE | SOLEUS MUSCLE | tonic vibration reflex | polysynaptic | fine wire EMG | REFLEX | RANDOMIZED CROSS-OVER | monosynaptic | recruitment threshold | WRIST EXTENSOR MUSCLES | TENDON VIBRATION | Action Potentials - physiology | H-Reflex - physiology | Motor Cortex - physiology | Vibration | Synapses - physiology | Humans | Muscle Contraction - physiology | Adult | Muscle, Skeletal - physiology | Electromyography - methods | Recruitment, Neurophysiological - physiology
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5. Full Text Neuropeptide Modulation of a Lumbar Spinal Reflex: Potential Implications for Female Sexual Function
by Wilson, Lesley A and Wayman, Chris P and Jackson, V. Margaret
The Journal of Sexual Medicine, ISSN 1743-6095, 04/2009, Volume 6, Issue 4, pp. 947 - 957
Neuropeptides are known to modulate female receptivity. However, even though receptivity is a spinal reflex, the role of neuropeptides within the spinal cord... 
Polysynaptic | Dorsal Root-Ventral Root Reflex | Neuropeptides | Lordosis | Monosynaptic | Dorsal Root‐Ventral Root Reflex | Dorsal root-ventral root reflex | NEONATAL-RAT | KAPPA-OPIOID RECEPTORS | 6-DAY-OLD RATS | MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR AGONIST | MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA | CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR | PELVIC NERVE | MESSENGER-RNA | UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY | CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM | LORDOSIS BEHAVIOR | Sexual Behavior, Animal | Reflex - physiology | Spinal Cord - drug effects | Enkephalin, Ala-MePhe-Gly- - pharmacology | Receptors, Opioid, mu - drug effects | Spine - metabolism | Rats | Spinal Nerve Roots - metabolism | Neuropeptides - metabolism | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | Spinal Cord - surgery | Animals | Reflex, Monosynaptic - drug effects | Female | Glutamic Acid - metabolism | Lumbar Vertebrae | Ganglia, Spinal - metabolism | Pituitary hormones | Glutamate | Sexual disorders
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6. Full Text Involvement of nitric oxide in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced depression of spinal reflexes in neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro
by Gupta, Rajesh and Deshpande, Shripad B
European Journal of Pharmacology, ISSN 0014-2999, 2009, Volume 617, Issue 1, pp. 74 - 78
The objective of the present investigation is to study the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced depression of spinal... 
3-NPA | Succinate dehydrogenase | L-NAME | Monosynaptic reflex | Synaptic transmission | Polysynaptic reflex | RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS | SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION | AGLYCEMIA | NEUROPROTECTION | SUCCINATE-DEHYDROGENASE | BLOCKS | NMDA | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | POLYSYNAPTIC REFLEXES | MODULATION | ISCHEMIA-INDUCED DEPRESSION | Animals, Newborn | NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester - pharmacology | Propionates - pharmacology | Spinal Cord - drug effects | Spinal Cord - metabolism | Rats | Reflex - drug effects | Male | Animals | Time Factors | Reflex, Monosynaptic - drug effects | Spinal Cord - physiology | Nitro Compounds - pharmacology | Female | Hemoglobins - pharmacology | In Vitro Techniques | Nitric Oxide - metabolism
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7. Full Text 3-Nitropropionic acid-induced depression of spinal reflexes involves mechanisms different from ischemia-induced depression
by Gupta, Rajesh and Deshpande, Shripad B
Brain Research Bulletin, ISSN 0361-9230, 2008, Volume 77, Issue 6, pp. 382 - 387
Abstract Effect of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) and ischemia (glucose- and O2 -free solution) on synaptic transmission in hemisected spinal cord from 4 to 8... 
Neurology | Succinate dehydrogenase | Mitochondrial toxin | Monosynaptic reflex | Synaptic transmission | Polysynaptic reflex | GLUTAMATE NEUROTOXICITY | RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS | POTASSIUM CHANNELS | SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION | CORD IN-VITRO | BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER | NEUROSCIENCES | SUCCINATE-DEHYDROGENASE | NERVE-TERMINALS | NEURONS | Propionates - pharmacology | Reflex - physiology | Spinal Cord - drug effects | Synaptic Transmission - physiology | 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate - pharmacology | Reflex - drug effects | Male | Glucose | Reflex, Monosynaptic - physiology | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Neural Inhibition - physiology | Time Factors | Reflex, Monosynaptic - drug effects | Spinal Nerve Roots - physiology | Nitro Compounds - pharmacology | Female | Synaptic Transmission - drug effects | Action Potentials - drug effects | Animals, Newborn | Rats | Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists - pharmacology | Phosphocreatine - analysis | Ischemia - physiopathology | Action Potentials - physiology | Animals | Analysis of Variance | Spinal Cord - physiology | Convulsants - pharmacology | In Vitro Techniques | Ischemia - chemically induced | Neural Inhibition - drug effects | Spinal Nerve Roots - drug effects | Phosphates | Methyl aspartate | Glucose metabolism | Ischemia | Carbidopa | Physiological aspects | Dextrose
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8. Full Text 5-HT-induced depression of the spinal monosynaptic reflex potential utilizes different types of 5-HT receptors depending on Mg2+ availability
by Deshpande, Shripad B and Maurya, Amar N and Singh, Jitendra N
Pharmacological Reports, ISSN 1734-1140, 03/2009, Volume 61, Issue 2, pp. 261 - 267
Receptor subtypes involved in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced depression of synaptic transmission in neonatal rat spinal cords were evaluated in the... 
phenylbiguanide | 5-HT3 receptors | synaptic transmission | spinal cord | ondansetron | NMDA receptors | Spinal cord | Phenylbiguanide | 5-HT | Synaptic transmission | Ondasetron | CORD IN-VITRO | MOUSE CENTRAL NEURONS | TOXIN-INDUCED DEPRESSION | RESPONSES | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | SEROTONIN | SUBSTANCE-P | NEONATE RAT | POLYSYNAPTIC REFLEXES | MOTONEURONS | Receptors, Serotonin - physiology | Ondansetron - pharmacology | Reflex, Monosynaptic - radiation effects | Spinal Cord - drug effects | Synaptic Potentials - drug effects | Receptors, Serotonin - drug effects | Rats | Male | Serotonin - pharmacology | Spiperone - pharmacology | Animals | Reflex, Monosynaptic - drug effects | Spinal Cord - physiology | Magnesium - physiology | Female
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9. Full Text 3-Nitropropionic acid depresses spinal reflexes involving GABAergic and glycinergic transmission in neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro
by Gupta, Rajesh and Deshpande, Shripad B
Life Sciences, ISSN 0024-3205, 2008, Volume 83, Issue 21, pp. 756 - 760
3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is a naturally occurring fungal toxin that leads to ATP-depletion by inhibiting mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and... 
3-NPA | Ischemia | Synaptic transmission | Monosynaptic reflex | Inhibitory transmission | Polysynaptic reflex | Succinate dehydroganase | MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL | RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS | SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION | INVOLVEMENT | TOXICITY | TOXIN-INDUCED DEPRESSION | BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER | SUCCINATE-DEHYDROGENASE | GABA | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | POLYSYNAPTIC REFLEXES | Animals, Newborn | Propionates - pharmacology | Spinal Cord - drug effects | Synaptic Transmission - physiology | 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate - pharmacology | Rats | Reflex - drug effects | Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists - pharmacology | Strychnine - pharmacology | Bicuculline - pharmacology | GABA Antagonists - pharmacology | Propionates - antagonists & inhibitors | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - physiology | Evoked Potentials - drug effects | Neurotoxins - pharmacology | Glycine Agents - pharmacology | Animals | Glycine - physiology | Spinal Cord - physiology | Nitro Compounds - pharmacology | Neurotoxins - antagonists & inhibitors | Nitro Compounds - antagonists & inhibitors | Index Medicus
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10. Full Text 3-Nitropropionic acid-induced depression of spinal reflexes does not involve 5-hydroxytryptaminergic system in contrast to ischemia-induced depression in neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro
by Gupta, Rajesh and Jha, Archana and Deshpande, Shripad B
Neuroscience Letters, ISSN 0304-3940, 2008, Volume 446, Issue 2, pp. 93 - 96
The involvement of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HTergic) system for the 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced depression of spinal reflexes was evaluated and... 
Succinate dehydrogenase | Monosynaptic reflex | Synaptic transmission | Polysynaptic reflex | Ondansetron | 5-HT 3 receptor | receptor | 5-HT | NMDA RECEPTOR | TOXICITY | TOXIN-INDUCED DEPRESSION | BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER | AGLYCEMIA | NEUROSCIENCES | SUCCINATE-DEHYDROGENASE | THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE | DOPAMINE | DYSFUNCTION | POLYSYNAPTIC REFLEXES | 5-HT3 receptor | Electric Stimulation | Neural Pathways - drug effects | Spinal Cord - drug effects | Spinal Cord - metabolism | Synaptic Transmission - physiology | Reflex, Abnormal - physiology | Male | Propionates - toxicity | Spinal Cord Ischemia - metabolism | Brain Diseases, Metabolic - chemically induced | Spinal Nerve Roots - physiopathology | Enzyme Inhibitors - toxicity | Female | Synaptic Transmission - drug effects | Neurons - metabolism | Neural Pathways - physiopathology | Reflex, Abnormal - drug effects | Energy Metabolism - physiology | Neurons - drug effects | Disease Models, Animal | Animals, Newborn | Succinate Dehydrogenase - antagonists & inhibitors | Nitro Compounds - toxicity | Rats | Brain Diseases, Metabolic - metabolism | Animals | Brain Diseases, Metabolic - physiopathology | Electron Transport Complex II - metabolism | Serotonin - metabolism | Serotonin Antagonists - toxicity | Neural Pathways - metabolism | Spinal Cord Ischemia - physiopathology | Succinate Dehydrogenase - metabolism | Spinal Cord - physiopathology | Electron Transport Complex II - drug effects | Energy Metabolism - drug effects | Spinal Nerve Roots - drug effects | Index Medicus
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11. Full Text Effects of morphine and endomorphins on the polysynaptic reflex in the isolated rat spinal cord
by Tao, Pao-Luh and Tao, Pao-Luh and Lai, Yong-Shang and Lai, Yong-Shang and Chow, Lok-Hi and Chow, Lok-Hi and Huang, Eagle Yi-Kung and Huang, Eagle Yi-Kung
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, ISSN 0028-1298, 1/2005, Volume 371, Issue 1, pp. 72 - 80
At the spinal level, μ-opioids exert their actions on nociceptive primary afferent neurons both pre- and postsynaptically. In the present study, we used an in... 
Spinal cord | Naloxonazine | Endomorphin-1 | Endomorphin-2 | Morphine | LifeSciences | Polysynaptic reflex | RODENT | IMMUNOREACTIVITY | AND-2 | MOUSE | OPIOID-PEPTIDES | RECEPTOR | naloxonazine | ANTINOCICEPTION | morphine | IN-VITRO | endomorphin-2 | ADMINISTERED ENDOMORPHIN-1 | endomorphin-1 | PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY | polysynaptic reflex | MICE | spinal cord | Oligopeptides - chemical synthesis | Synapses - drug effects | Spinal Cord - drug effects | Morphine - cerebrospinal fluid | Morphine - pharmacology | Endorphins - pharmacology | Receptors, Opioid, mu - drug effects | Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology | Electrophysiology | Rats | Reflex - drug effects | Pain Measurement - drug effects | Oligopeptides - cerebrospinal fluid | Animals | Analgesics, Opioid - cerebrospinal fluid | In Vitro Techniques | Oligopeptides - pharmacology
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12. Full Text Ptychodiscus brevis toxin-induced depression of spinal reflexes involves 5-HT via 5-HT 3 receptors modulated by NMDA receptor
by Singh, Jitendra N and Gupta, Rajesh and Deshpande, Shripad B
Neuroscience Letters, ISSN 0304-3940, 2006, Volume 409, Issue 1, pp. 70 - 74
The involvement of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HT) system for the toxin (PbTx)-induced depression of spinal reflexes was evaluated. The reflex potentials were... 
Brevetoxin | Spinal cord | Phenylbiguanide | Synaptic transmission | Serotonin receptors | Monosynaptic reflex | Polysynaptic reflex
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13. Full Text Ptychodiscus brevis toxin-induced depression of spinal reflexes involves 5-HT via 5-HT3 receptors modulated by NMDA receptor
by Singh, JN and Gupta, R and Deshpande, SB
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, ISSN 0304-3940, 11/2006, Volume 409, Issue 1, pp. 70 - 74
The involvement of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HT) system for the Ptychodiscus brevis toxin (PbTx)-induced depression of spinal reflexes was evaluated. The... 
phenylbiguanide | serotonin receptors | brevetoxin | RAT | 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE | INVITRO | monosynaptic reflex | CORD IN-VITRO | NEUROSCIENCES | PHENCYCLIDINE | RESPONSES | TRANSMISSION | PHARMACOLOGY | synaptic transmission | polysynaptic reflex | SEROTONIN | spinal cord | Biguanides - pharmacology | Serotonin - physiology | Ondansetron - pharmacology | Marine Toxins - toxicity | Spinal Cord - drug effects | Spinal Cord - metabolism | Depression, Chemical | Reflex - drug effects | Male | Dinoflagellida - chemistry | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | Spinal Nerve Roots - physiology | Female | Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 - drug effects | Ketanserin - pharmacology | Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate - drug effects | Rats | Neurotoxins - toxicity | Serotonin Antagonists - pharmacology | Oxocins | Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate - physiology | Spiperone - pharmacology | Animals | Dopamine Antagonists - pharmacology | Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 - physiology
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14. Full Text Associated reaction and spasticity among patients with stroke
by Honaga, Kaoru and Masakado, Yoshihisa and Oki, Tomomi and Hirabara, Yukiko and Fujiwara, Toshiyuki and Ota, Tetsuo and Kimura, Akio and Liu, Meigen
American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0894-9115, 09/2007, Volume 86, Issue 8, pp. 656 - 661
Objectives: The objectives were to investigate the relationship between associated reaction (AR) and clinical spasticity in the paretic arm. Design: The... 
Hoffman Reflex | Modified Ashworth Scale | Median Nerve Block | Polysynaptic Reflex | median nerve block | UPPER-LIMB | SPORT SCIENCES | Hoffman reflex | CONTRACTURE | H-REFLEX | REHABILITATION | polysynaptic reflex | SCALE | modified Ashworth scale | Humans | Middle Aged | Nerve Block | Dyskinesias - physiopathology | Stroke - complications | Stroke Rehabilitation | Male | Muscle, Skeletal - innervation | Dyskinesias - etiology | Neural Pathways | Muscle Spasticity - etiology | Reflex, Monosynaptic | Paresis - complications | Median Nerve | Paresis - rehabilitation | Statistics, Nonparametric | Adult | Female | Aged | Electromyography | Muscle Spasticity - physiopathology
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15. Clinical and electroneurophysiological characteristics of polysynaptic reflex excitability in headache of tension
by Yakupova, A.A and Ismagilov, M.F and Yakupov, R.A
Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psihiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, ISSN 1997-7298, 2008, Volume 108, Issue 3, pp. 53 - 57
Polysynaptic reflex excitability | Headache of tension
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16. Full Text Ptychodiscus brevis toxin enhances the frequency-dependent depression of the monosynaptic reflex in neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro
by Deshpande, S.B and Singh, J.N and Gupta, S.Das
Toxicology Letters, ISSN 0378-4274, 2003, Volume 145, Issue 3, pp. 231 - 237
The involvement of frequency-dependent depression (FDD) of synaptic transmission for the depressant action of the Ptychodiscus brevis toxin (PbTx) was... 
Homosynaptic depression | NMDA receptor | Brevetoxins | Synaptic transmission | MSR | SELECTIVE DEPRESSION | ANALOGS | INVITRO | D-ASPARTATE RECEPTORS | PHENCYCLIDINE | brevetoxins | TRANSMISSION | homosynaptic depression | synaptic transmission | TOXICOLOGY | POLYSYNAPTIC REFLEX | GYMNODINIUM-BREVE | Animals, Newborn | Electric Stimulation | Spinal Cord - drug effects | Depression, Chemical | Rats | Cyclopentanes - pharmacology | Magnesium - pharmacology | Rats, Inbred Strains | Animals | Reflex, Monosynaptic - drug effects | Organophosphorus Compounds - pharmacology | Synaptic Transmission - drug effects | In Vitro Techniques | Action Potentials - drug effects | Spinal Nerve Roots - drug effects | monosynaptic reflex
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17. Full Text Effects of flexor reflex afferent stimulation on the soleus H reflex in patients with a complete spinal cord lesion: evidence for presynaptic inhibition of Ia transmission
by Roby-Brami, A and Bussel, B
Experimental Brain Research, ISSN 0014-4819, 08/1990, Volume 81, Issue 3, pp. 593 - 601
The effects of electrically stimulating the Flexor Reflex Afferent (FRA) on the soleus H reflexes were investigated in 34 paraplegic patients having a... 
Ia fibres | Polysynaptic reflexes | Spinal cord | Man | FRA | NEUROSCIENCES | H-Reflex - physiology | Reflex - physiology | Synaptic Transmission - physiology | Conditioning, Classical - drug effects | Synapses - physiology | Humans | Middle Aged | Male | Reflex, Monosynaptic - physiology | Conditioning, Classical - physiology | Neurons, Afferent - physiology | Reflex, Monosynaptic - drug effects | Adolescent | Dihydroxyphenylalanine - pharmacology | Adult | Female | Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology
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18. Full Text The Blink Reflex in Migraine
by Bánk, J and Bense, E and Király, Cs
Cephalalgia, ISSN 0333-1024, 10/1992, Volume 12, Issue 5, pp. 289 - 292
The blink reflex is an objective and useful method to study the trigeminal system. It was recorded in 43 migraine patients and the findings compared with those... 
dysfunction of brainstem | migraine | Blink reflex | polysynaptic pathway | POLYSYNAPTIC PATHWAY | DYSFUNCTION OF BRAIN-STEM | AUDITORY EVOKED-POTENTIALS | HEADACHE | BLINK REFLEX | MIGRAINE | NEUROSCIENCES | CLINICAL NEUROLOGY | Humans | Middle Aged | Adolescent | Migraine Disorders - physiopathology | Adult | Female | Male | Reaction Time | Reference Values | Aged | Blinking
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